Skip to main content

Hauptrubriken

CME
Facharzt-Training
Webinare
Zeitschriften
Bücher
e.Medpedia
Podcast

Service

Jobbörse
Info & Hilfe

Fachgebiete

Anästhesiologie
Allgemeinmedizin
Arbeitsmedizin
Augenheilkunde
Chirurgie
Dermatologie
Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe
HNO
Innere Medizin
Kardiologie
Neurologie
Onkologie und Hämatologie
Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie
Pädiatrie
Pathologie
Psychiatrie
Radiologie
Rechtsmedizin
Umweltmedizin
Urologie
Zahnmedizin

Themen

Neues aus dem Markt
COVID-19
Praxis und Beruf
Seltene Erkrankungen
GOÄ & EBM
Panorama

Sammlungen

Kasuistiken
Algorithmen & Infografiken
Blickdiagnosen
Videos
Kongressberichte
Medizin für Apothekerinnen und Apotheker
Für Ärztinnen und Ärzte in Weiterbildung
Für Medizinstudierende
Erweiterte Suche
Login
nach oben
Intensive Care Medicine
Erschienen in: Intensive Care Medicine 5/2020

28.03.2020 | COVID-19 | Guidelines Zur Zeit gratis

Surviving Sepsis Campaign: guidelines on the management of critically ill adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

verfasst von: Waleed Alhazzani, Morten Hylander Møller, Yaseen M. Arabi, Mark Loeb, Michelle Ng Gong, Eddy Fan, Simon Oczkowski, Mitchell M. Levy, Lennie Derde, Amy Dzierba, Bin Du, Michael Aboodi, Hannah Wunsch, Maurizio Cecconi, Younsuck Koh, Daniel S. Chertow, Kathryn Maitland, Fayez Alshamsi, Emilie Belley-Cote, Massimiliano Greco, Matthew Laundy, Jill S. Morgan, Jozef Kesecioglu, Allison McGeer, Leonard Mermel, Manoj J. Mammen, Paul E. Alexander, Amy Arrington, John E. Centofanti, Giuseppe Citerio, Bandar Baw, Ziad A. Memish, Naomi Hammond, Frederick G. Hayden, Laura Evans, Andrew Rhodes

Erschienen in: Intensive Care Medicine | Ausgabe 5/2020

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Background

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting thousands of people around the world. Urgent guidance for clinicians caring for the sickest of these patients is needed.

Methods

We formed a panel of 36 experts from 12 countries. All panel members completed the World Health Organization conflict of interest disclosure form. The panel proposed 53 questions that are relevant to the management of COVID-19 in the ICU. We searched the literature for direct and indirect evidence on the management of COVID-19 in critically ill patients in the ICU. We identified relevant and recent systematic reviews on most questions relating to supportive care. We assessed the certainty in the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, then generated recommendations based on the balance between benefit and harm, resource and cost implications, equity, and feasibility. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of best practice recommendations.

Results

The Surviving Sepsis Campaign COVID-19 panel issued 54 statements, of which 4 are best practice statements, 9 are strong recommendations, and 35 are weak recommendations. No recommendation was provided for 6 questions. The topics were: (1) infection control, (2) laboratory diagnosis and specimens, (3) hemodynamic support, (4) ventilatory support, and (5) COVID-19 therapy.

Conclusion

The Surviving Sepsis Campaign COVID-19 panel issued several recommendations to help support healthcare workers caring for critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19. When available, we will provide new recommendations in further releases of these guidelines.
Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
1.
Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, Liu L, Shan H, Lei CL, Hui DSC, Du B, Li LJ, Zeng G, Yuen KY, Chen RC, Tang CL, Wang T, Chen PY, Xiang J, Li SY, Wang JL, Liang ZJ, Peng YX, Wei L, Liu Y, Hu YH, Peng P, Wang JM, Liu JY, Chen Z, Li G, Zheng ZJ, Qiu SQ, Luo J, Ye CJ, Zhu SY, Zhong NS, China Medical Treatment Expert Group for C (2020) Clinical characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1056/​NEJMoa2002032 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
2.
3.
Alhazzani W, Lewis K, Jaeschke R, Rochwerg B, Moller MH, Evans L, Wilson KC, Patel S, Coopersmith CM, Cecconi M, Guyatt G, Akl EA (2018) Conflicts of interest disclosure forms and management in critical care clinical practice guidelines. Intensive Care Med 44:1691–1698 PubMed
4.
Vandvik PO, Alhazzani W, Moller MH (2018) Understanding conflicts of interest. Intensive Care Med 44:1738–1740 PubMed
5.
Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Atkins D, Brozek J, Vist G, Alderson P, Glasziou P, Falck-Ytter Y, Schunemann HJ (2011) GRADE guidelines: 2. Framing the question and deciding on important outcomes. J Clin Epidemiol 64:395–400 PubMed
6.
Akl EA, Johnston BC, Alonso-Coello P, Neumann I, Ebrahim S, Briel M, Cook DJ, Guyatt GH (2013) Addressing dichotomous data for participants excluded from trial analysis: a guide for systematic reviewers. PLoS ONE 8:e57132 PubMedPubMedCentral
7.
Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, Kunz R, Falck-Ytter Y, Schunemann P, Schunemann HJ, Group GW (2008) GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 336:924–926 PubMedPubMedCentral
8.
Balshem H, Helfand M, Schunemann HJ, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Brozek J, Vist GE, Falck-Ytter Y, Meerpohl J, Norris S, Guyatt GH (2011) GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence. J Clin Epidemiol 64:401–406 PubMed
9.
Andrews J, Guyatt G, Oxman AD, Alderson P, Dahm P, Falck-Ytter Y, Nasser M, Meerpohl J, Post PN, Kunz R, Brozek J, Vist G, Rind D, Akl EA, Schunemann HJ (2013) GRADE guidelines: 14. Going from evidence to recommendations: the significance and presentation of recommendations. J Clin Epidemiol 66:719–725 PubMed
10.
Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Santesso N, Helfand M, Vist G, Kunz R, Brozek J, Norris S, Meerpohl J, Djulbegovic B, Alonso-Coello P, Post PN, Busse JW, Glasziou P, Christensen R, Schunemann HJ (2013) GRADE guidelines: 12. Preparing summary of findings tables-binary outcomes. J Clin Epidemiol 66:158–172 PubMed
11.
Schunemann HJ, Wiercioch W, Brozek J, Etxeandia-Ikobaltzeta I, Mustafa RA, Manja V, Brignardello-Petersen R, Neumann I, Falavigna M, Alhazzani W, Santesso N, Zhang Y, Meerpohl JJ, Morgan RL, Rochwerg B, Darzi A, Rojas MX, Carrasco-Labra A, Adi Y, AlRayees Z, Riva J, Bollig C, Moore A, Yepes-Nunez JJ, Cuello C, Waziry R, Akl EA (2017) GRADE evidence to decision (EtD) frameworks for adoption, adaptation, and de novo development of trustworthy recommendations: GRADE-ADOLOPMENT. J Clin Epidemiol 81:101–110 PubMed
12.
13.
Livingston E, Bucher K (2020) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy. JAMA, Dumka
14.
Milton DK, Fabian MP, Cowling BJ, Grantham ML, McDevitt JJ (2013) Influenza virus aerosols in human exhaled breath: particle size, culturability, and effect of surgical masks. PLoS Pathog 9:e1003205 PubMedPubMedCentral
15.
Twu SJ, Chen TJ, Chen CJ, Olsen SJ, Lee LT, Fisk T, Hsu KH, Chang SC, Chen KT, Chiang IH, Wu YC, Wu JS, Dowell SF (2003) Control measures for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Taiwan. Emerg Infect Dis 9:718–720 PubMedPubMedCentral
16.
17.
Cabrini L, Landoni G, Zangrillo A (2020) Minimise nosocomial spread of 2019-nCoV when treating acute respiratory failure. Lancet 395:685 PubMedPubMedCentral
18.
19.
Qian H, Li Y, Sun H, Nielsen PV, Huang X, Zheng X (2010) Particle removal efficiency of the portable HEPA air cleaner in a simulated hospital ward. Build Simul 3:215–224
20.
Smith JD, MacDougall CC, Johnstone J, Copes RA, Schwartz B, Garber GE (2016) Effectiveness of N95 respirators versus surgical masks in protecting health care workers from acute respiratory infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ 188:567–574 PubMedPubMedCentral
21.
Radonovich LJ Jr, Simberkoff MS, Bessesen MT, Brown AC, Cummings DAT, Gaydos CA, Los JG, Krosche AE, Gibert CL, Gorse GJ, Nyquist AC, Reich NG, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Price CS, Perl TM, Pi R (2019) N95 respirators vs medical masks for preventing influenza among health care personnel: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 322:824–833 PubMedPubMedCentral
22.
Loeb M, Dafoe N, Mahony J, John M, Sarabia A, Glavin V, Webby R, Smieja M, Earn DJ, Chong S, Webb A, Walter SD (2009) Surgical mask vs N95 respirator for preventing influenza among health care workers: a randomized trial. JAMA 302:1865–1871 PubMed
23.
MacIntyre CR, Wang Q, Cauchemez S, Seale H, Dwyer DE, Yang P, Shi W, Gao Z, Pang X, Zhang Y, Wang X, Duan W, Rahman B, Ferguson N (2011) A cluster randomized clinical trial comparing fit-tested and non-fit-tested N95 respirators to medical masks to prevent respiratory virus infection in health care workers. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 5:170–179 PubMedPubMedCentral
24.
MacIntyre CR, Wang Q, Rahman B, Seale H, Ridda I, Gao Z, Yang P, Shi W, Pang X, Zhang Y, Moa A, Dwyer DE (2014) Efficacy of face masks and respirators in preventing upper respiratory tract bacterial colonization and co-infection in hospital healthcare workers. Prev Med 62:1–7 PubMedPubMedCentral
25.
MacIntyre CR, Wang Q, Seale H, Yang P, Shi W, Gao Z, Rahman B, Zhang Y, Wang X, Newall AT, Heywood A, Dwyer DE (2013) A randomized clinical trial of three options for N95 respirators and medical masks in health workers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 187:960–966 PubMed
26.
27.
28.
Biggerstaff M, Cauchemez S, Reed C, Gambhir M, Finelli L (2014) Estimates of the reproduction number for seasonal, pandemic, and zoonotic influenza: a systematic review of the literature. BMC Infect Dis 14:480 PubMedPubMedCentral
29.
Tran K, Cimon K, Severn M, Pessoa-Silva CL, Conly J (2012) Aerosol generating procedures and risk of transmission of acute respiratory infections to healthcare workers: a systematic review. PLoS ONE 7:e35797 PubMedPubMedCentral
30.
Lewis SR, Butler AR, Parker J, Cook TM, Schofield-Robinson OJ, Smith AF (2017) Videolaryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy for adult patients requiring tracheal intubation: a Cochrane systematic review. Br J Anaesth 119:369–383 PubMed
31.
Lewis SR, Butler AR, Parker J, Cook TM, Smith AF (2016) Videolaryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy for adult patients requiring tracheal intubation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 11:CD011136 PubMed
32.
Russell TM, Hormis A, Rotherham NHSFT (2018) Should the Glidescope video laryngoscope be used first line for all oral intubations or only in those with a difficult airway? A review of current literature. J Perioper Pract 28:322–333 PubMed
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
Yam WC, Chan KH, Poon LL, Guan Y, Yuen KY, Seto WH, Peiris JS (2003) Evaluation of reverse transcription-PCR assays for rapid diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome associated with a novel coronavirus. J Clin Microbiol 41:4521–4524 PubMedPubMedCentral
39.
40.
41.
Chan PK, To WK, Ng KC, Lam RK, Ng TK, Chan RC, Wu A, Yu WC, Lee N, Hui DS, Lai ST, Hon EK, Li CK, Sung JJ, Tam JS (2004) Laboratory diagnosis of SARS. Emerg Infect Dis 10:825–831 PubMedPubMedCentral
42.
43.
44.
Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X, Cheng Z, Yu T, Xia J, Wei Y, Wu W, Xie X, Yin W, Li H, Liu M, Xiao Y, Gao H, Guo L, Xie J, Wang G, Jiang R, Gao Z, Jin Q, Wang J, Cao B (2020) Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 395:497–506 PubMedPubMedCentral
45.
46.
47.
Bednarczyk JM, Fridfinnson JA, Kumar A, Blanchard L, Rabbani R, Bell D, Funk D, Turgeon AF, Abou-Setta AM, Zarychanski R (2017) Incorporating dynamic assessment of fluid responsiveness into goal-directed therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med 45:1538–1545 PubMedPubMedCentral
48.
Bentzer P, Griesdale DE, Boyd J, MacLean K, Sirounis D, Ayas NT (2016) Will this hemodynamically unstable patient respond to a bolus of intravenous fluids? JAMA 316:1298–1309 PubMed
49.
Pan J, Peng M, Liao C, Hu X, Wang A, Li X (2019) Relative efficacy and safety of early lactate clearance-guided therapy resuscitation in patients with sepsis: a meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 98:e14453
50.
Hernandez G, Ospina-Tascon GA, Damiani LP, Estenssoro E, Dubin A, Hurtado J, Friedman G, Castro R, Alegria L, Teboul JL, Cecconi M, Ferri G, Jibaja M, Pairumani R, Fernandez P, Barahona D, Granda-Luna V, Cavalcanti AB, Bakker J, The ASI, the Latin America Intensive Care N, Hernandez G, Ospina-Tascon G, Petri Damiani L, Estenssoro E, Dubin A, Hurtado J, Friedman G, Castro R, Alegria L, Teboul JL, Cecconi M, Cecconi M, Ferri G, Jibaja M, Pairumani R, Fernandez P, Barahona D, Cavalcanti AB, Bakker J, Hernandez G, Alegria L, Ferri G, Rodriguez N, Holger P, Soto N, Pozo M, Bakker J, Cook D, Vincent JL, Rhodes A, Kavanagh BP, Dellinger P, Rietdijk W, Carpio D, Pavez N, Henriquez E, Bravo S, Valenzuela ED, Vera M, Dreyse J, Oviedo V, Cid MA, Larroulet M, Petruska E, Sarabia C, Gallardo D, Sanchez JE, Gonzalez H, Arancibia JM, Munoz A, Ramirez G, Aravena F, Aquevedo A, Zambrano F, Bozinovic M, Valle F, Ramirez M, Rossel V, Munoz P, Ceballos C, Esveile C, Carmona C, Candia E, Mendoza D, Sanchez A, Ponce D, Ponce D, Lastra J, Nahuelpan B, Fasce F, Luengo C, Medel N, Cortes C, Campassi L, Rubatto P, Horna N, Furche M, Pendino JC, Bettini L, Lovesio C, Gonzalez MC, Rodruguez J, Canales H, Caminos F, Galletti C, Minoldo E, Aramburu MJ, Olmos D, Nin N, Tenzi J, Quiroga C, Lacuesta P, Gaudin A, Pais R, Silvestre A, Olivera G, Rieppi G, Berrutti D, Ochoa M, Cobos P, Vintimilla F, Ramirez V, Tobar M, Garcia F, Picoita F, Remache N, Granda V, Paredes F, Barzallo E, Garces P, Guerrero F, Salazar S, Torres G, Tana C, Calahorrano J, Solis F, Torres P, Herrera L, Ornes A, Perez V, Delgado G, Lopez A, Espinosa E, Moreira J, Salcedo B, Villacres I, Suing J, Lopez M, Gomez L, Toctaquiza G, Cadena Zapata M, Orazabal MA, Pardo Espejo R, Jimenez J, Calderon A, Paredes G, Barberan JL, Moya T, Atehortua H, Sabogal R, Ortiz G, Lara A, Sanchez F, Hernan Portilla A, Davila H, Mora JA, Calderon LE, Alvarez I, Escobar E, Bejarano A, Bustamante LA, Aldana JL (2019) Effect of a resuscitation strategy targeting peripheral perfusion status vs serum lactate levels on 28-day mortality among patients with septic shock: the ANDROMEDA-SHOCK randomized clinical trial. JAMA 321:654–664 PubMedPubMedCentral
51.
52.
Silversides JA, Major E, Ferguson AJ, Mann EE, McAuley DF, Marshall JC, Blackwood B, Fan E (2017) Conservative fluid management or deresuscitation for patients with sepsis or acute respiratory distress syndrome following the resuscitation phase of critical illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med 43:155–170 PubMed
53.
Maitland K, Kiguli S, Opoka RO, Engoru C, Olupot-Olupot P, Akech SO, Nyeko R, Mtove G, Reyburn H, Lang T, Brent B, Evans JA, Tibenderana JK, Crawley J, Russell EC, Levin M, Babiker AG, Gibb DM, Group FT (2011) Mortality after fluid bolus in African children with severe infection. N Engl J Med 364:2483–2495 PubMed
54.
Lewis SR, Pritchard MW, Evans DJ, Butler AR, Alderson P, Smith AF, Roberts I (2018) Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 8:CD000567 PubMed
55.
Antequera Martin AM, Barea Mendoza JA, Muriel A, Saez I, Chico-Fernandez M, Estrada-Lorenzo JM, Plana MN (2019) Buffered solutions versus 09% saline for resuscitation in critically ill adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 7:CD012247 PubMed
56.
Moller MH, Claudius C, Junttila E, Haney M, Oscarsson-Tibblin A, Haavind A, Perner A (2016) Scandinavian SSAI clinical practice guideline on choice of first-line vasopressor for patients with acute circulatory failure. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 60:1347–1366 PubMedPubMedCentral
57.
Gamper G, Havel C, Arrich J, Losert H, Pace NL, Mullner M, Herkner H (2016) Vasopressors for hypotensive shock. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2:CD003709 PubMed
58.
Honarmand K, Um KJ, Belley-Cote EP, Alhazzani W, Farley C, Fernando SM, Fiest K, Grey D, Hajdini E, Herridge M, Hrymak C, Moller MH, Kanji S, Lamontagne F, Lauzier F, Mehta S, Paunovic B, Singal R, Tsang JL, Wynne C, Rochwerg B (2020) Canadian Critical Care Society clinical practice guideline: the use of vasopressin and vasopressin analogues in critically ill adults with distributive shock. Can J Anaesth 67:369–376 PubMed
59.
McIntyre WF, Um KJ, Alhazzani W, Lengyel AP, Hajjar L, Gordon AC, Lamontagne F, Healey JS, Whitlock RP, Belley-Cote EP (2018) Association of vasopressin plus catecholamine vasopressors vs catecholamines alone with atrial fibrillation in patients with distributive shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 319:1889–1900 PubMedPubMedCentral
60.
Lamontagne F, Day AG, Meade MO, Cook DJ, Guyatt GH, Hylands M, Radermacher P, Chretien JM, Beaudoin N, Hebert P, D’Aragon F, Meziani F, Asfar P (2018) Pooled analysis of higher versus lower blood pressure targets for vasopressor therapy septic and vasodilatory shock. Intensive Care Med 44:12–21 PubMed
61.
62.
Moller MH, Granholm A, Junttila E, Haney M, Oscarsson-Tibblin A, Haavind A, Laake JH, Wilkman E, Sverrisson KO, Perner A (2018) Scandinavian SSAI clinical practice guideline on choice of inotropic agent for patients with acute circulatory failure. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 62:420–450 PubMedPubMedCentral
63.
Rygard SL, Butler E, Granholm A, Moller MH, Cohen J, Finfer S, Perner A, Myburgh J, Venkatesh B, Delaney A (2018) Low-dose corticosteroids for adult patients with septic shock: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Intensive Care Med 44:1003–1016 PubMed
64.
Lamontagne F, Rochwerg B, Lytvyn L, Guyatt GH, Moller MH, Annane D, Kho ME, Adhikari NKJ, Machado F, Vandvik PO, Dodek P, Leboeuf R, Briel M, Hashmi M, Camsooksai J, Shankar-Hari M, Baraki MK, Fugate K, Chua S, Marti C, Cohen D, Botton E, Agoritsas T, Siemieniuk RAC (2018) Corticosteroid therapy for sepsis: a clinical practice guideline. BMJ 362:k3284 PubMedPubMedCentral
65.
Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, Qiu Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Wei Y, Xia J, Yu T, Zhang X, Zhang L (2020) Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 395:507–513 PubMedPubMedCentral
66.
van den Boom W, Hoy M, Sankaran J, Liu M, Chahed H, Feng M, See KC (2020) The search for optimal oxygen saturation targets in critically ill patients: observational data from large ICU databases. Chest 157:566–573 PubMed
67.
Chu DK, Kim LH, Young PJ, Zamiri N, Almenawer SA, Jaeschke R, Szczeklik W, Schunemann HJ, Neary JD, Alhazzani W (2018) Mortality and morbidity in acutely ill adults treated with liberal versus conservative oxygen therapy (IOTA): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 391:1693–1705 PubMed
68.
Siemieniuk RAC, Chu DK, Kim LH, Guell-Rous MR, Alhazzani W, Soccal PM, Karanicolas PJ, Farhoumand PD, Siemieniuk JLK, Satia I, Irusen EM, Refaat MM, Mikita JS, Smith M, Cohen DN, Vandvik PO, Agoritsas T, Lytvyn L, Guyatt GH (2018) Oxygen therapy for acutely ill medical patients: a clinical practice guideline. BMJ 363:k4169 PubMed
69.
Investigators I-R, the A, New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials G, Mackle D, Bellomo R, Bailey M, Beasley R, Deane A, Eastwood G, Finfer S, Freebairn R, King V, Linke N, Litton E, McArthur C, McGuinness S, Panwar R, Young P (2019) Conservative oxygen therapy during mechanical ventilation in the ICU. N Engl J Med 382:989
70.
Barrot L, Asfar P, Mauny F, Winiszewski H, Montini F, Badie J, Quenot JP, Pili-Floury S, Bouhemad B, Louis G, Souweine B, Collange O, Pottecher J, Levy B, Puyraveau M, Vettoretti L, Constantin JM, Capellier G, Investigators L, Network RR, Investigators L, Network RR (2020) Liberal or conservative oxygen therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 382:999 PubMed
71.
Frat JP, Thille AW, Mercat A, Girault C, Ragot S, Perbet S, Prat G, Boulain T, Morawiec E, Cottereau A, Devaquet J, Nseir S, Razazi K, Mira JP, Argaud L, Chakarian JC, Ricard JD, Wittebole X, Chevalier S, Herbland A, Fartoukh M, Constantin JM, Tonnelier JM, Pierrot M, Mathonnet A, Beduneau G, Deletage-Metreau C, Richard JC, Brochard L, Robert R, Group FS, Network R (2015) High-flow oxygen through nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. N Engl J Med 372:2185–2196 PubMed
72.
Ni YN, Luo J, Yu H, Liu D, Liang BM, Liang ZA (2018) The effect of high-flow nasal cannula in reducing the mortality and the rate of endotracheal intubation when used before mechanical ventilation compared with conventional oxygen therapy and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Emerg Med 36:226–233 PubMed
73.
Ou X, Hua Y, Liu J, Gong C, Zhao W (2017) Effect of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in adults with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. CMAJ 189:E260–E267 PubMedPubMedCentral
74.
Rochwerg B, Granton D, Wang DX, Helviz Y, Einav S, Frat JP, Mekontso-Dessap A, Schreiber A, Azoulay E, Mercat A, Demoule A, Lemiale V, Pesenti A, Riviello ED, Mauri T, Mancebo J, Brochard L, Burns K (2019) High flow nasal cannula compared with conventional oxygen therapy for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med 45:563–572 PubMed
75.
Raboud J, Shigayeva A, McGeer A, Bontovics E, Chapman M, Gravel D, Henry B, Lapinsky S, Loeb M, McDonald LC, Ofner M, Paton S, Reynolds D, Scales D, Shen S, Simor A, Stewart T, Vearncombe M, Zoutman D, Green K (2010) Risk factors for SARS transmission from patients requiring intubation: a multicentre investigation in Toronto, Canada. PLoS ONE 5:e10717 PubMedPubMedCentral
76.
Fowler RA, Guest CB, Lapinsky SE, Sibbald WJ, Louie M, Tang P, Simor AE, Stewart TE (2004) Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome during intubation and mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 169:1198–1202 PubMed
77.
Leung CCH, Joynt GM, Gomersall CD, Wong WT, Lee A, Ling L, Chan PKS, Lui PCW, Tsoi PCY, Ling CM, Hui M (2019) Comparison of high-flow nasal cannula versus oxygen face mask for environmental bacterial contamination in critically ill pneumonia patients: a randomized controlled crossover trial. J Hosp Infect 101:84–87 PubMed
78.
79.
Alraddadi BM, Qushmaq I, Al-Hameed FM, Mandourah Y, Almekhlafi GA, Jose J, Al-Omari A, Kharaba A, Almotairi A, Al Khatib K, Shalhoub S, Abdulmomen A, Mady A, Solaiman O, Al-Aithan AM, Al-Raddadi R, Ragab A, Balkhy HH, Al Harthy A, Sadat M, Tlayjeh H, Merson L, Hayden FG, Fowler RA, Arabi YM, Saudi Critical Care Trials G (2019) Noninvasive ventilation in critically ill patients with the Middle East respiratory syndrome. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 13:382–390 PubMedPubMedCentral
80.
Arabi YM, Arifi AA, Balkhy HH, Najm H, Aldawood AS, Ghabashi A, Hawa H, Alothman A, Khaldi A, Al Raiy B (2014) Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. Ann Intern Med 160:389–397 PubMed
81.
Zayed Y, Banifadel M, Barbarawi M, Kheiri B, Chahine A, Rashdan L, Haykal T, Samji V, Armstrong E, Bachuwa G, Al-Sanouri I, Seedahmed E, Hernandez DA (2019) Noninvasive oxygenation strategies in immunocompromised patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Intensive Care Med 2:885066619844713
82.
Xu XP, Zhang XC, Hu SL, Xu JY, Xie JF, Liu SQ, Liu L, Huang YZ, Guo FM, Yang Y, Qiu HB (2017) noninvasive ventilation in acute hypoxemic nonhypercapnic respiratory failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med 45:e727–e733 PubMedPubMedCentral
83.
Wang T, Zhang L, Luo K, He J, Ma Y, Li Z, Zhao N, Xu Q, Li Y, Yu X (2016) Noninvasive versus invasive mechanical ventilation for immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pulm Med 16:129 PubMedPubMedCentral
84.
Esquinas AM, Egbert Pravinkumar S, Scala R, Gay P, Soroksky A, Girault C, Han F, Hui DS, Papadakos PJ, Ambrosino N, International NIVN (2014) Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in high-risk pulmonary infections: a clinical review. Eur Respir Rev 23:427–438 PubMed
85.
Brochard L, Lefebvre JC, Cordioli RL, Akoumianaki E, Richard JC (2014) Noninvasive ventilation for patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 35:492–500 PubMed
86.
Slutsky AS, Ranieri VM (2013) Ventilator-induced lung injury. N Engl J Med 369:2126–2136 PubMed
87.
Hui DSC, Zumla A (2019) Severe acute respiratory syndrome: historical, epidemiologic, and clinical features. Infect Dis Clin N Am 33:869–889
88.
Brochard L, Mancebo J, Wysocki M, Lofaso F, Conti G, Rauss A, Simonneau G, Benito S, Gasparetto A, Lemaire F et al (1995) Noninvasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 333:817–822 PubMed
89.
90.
Patel BK, Wolfe KS, Pohlman AS, Hall JB, Kress JP (2016) Effect of noninvasive ventilation delivered by helmet vs face mask on the rate of endotracheal intubation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 315:2435–2441 PubMedPubMedCentral
91.
Hui DS, Chow BK, Lo T, Ng SS, Ko FW, Gin T, Chan MTV (2015) Exhaled air dispersion during noninvasive ventilation via helmets and a total facemask. Chest 147:1336–1343 PubMed
92.
Walkey AJ, Goligher EC, Del Sorbo L, Hodgson CL, Adhikari NKJ, Wunsch H, Meade MO, Uleryk E, Hess D, Talmor DS, Thompson BT, Brower RG, Fan E (2017) Low tidal volume versus non-volume-limited strategies for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Am Thorac Soc 14:S271–S279 PubMed
93.
Amato MB, Barbas CS, Medeiros DM, Magaldi RB, Schettino GP, Lorenzi-Filho G, Kairalla RA, Deheinzelin D, Munoz C, Oliveira R, Takagaki TY, Carvalho CR (1998) Effect of a protective-ventilation strategy on mortality in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 338:347–354 PubMed
94.
Villar J, Kacmarek RM, Perez-Mendez L, Aguirre-Jaime A (2006) A high positive end-expiratory pressure, low tidal volume ventilatory strategy improves outcome in persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized, controlled trial. Crit Care Med 34:1311–1318 PubMed
95.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome N, Brower RG, Matthay MA, Morris A, Schoenfeld D, Thompson BT, Wheeler A (2000) Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 342:1301–1308
96.
Brower RG, Shanholtz CB, Fessler HE, Shade DM, White P Jr, Wiener CM, Teeter JG, Dodd-o JM, Almog Y, Piantadosi S (1999) Prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial comparing traditional versus reduced tidal volume ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. Crit Care Med 27:1492–1498 PubMed
97.
Orme J Jr, Romney JS, Hopkins RO, Pope D, Chan KJ, Thomsen G, Crapo RO, Weaver LK (2003) Pulmonary function and health-related quality of life in survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 167:690–694 PubMed
98.
Wu G, Lu B (1998) The application of low tidal volume pressure-controlled ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 23:57–58 PubMed
99.
Fan E, Del Sorbo L, Goligher EC, Hodgson CL, Munshi L, Walkey AJ, Adhikari NKJ, Amato MBP, Branson R, Brower RG, Ferguson ND, Gajic O, Gattinoni L, Hess D, Mancebo J, Meade MO, McAuley DF, Pesenti A, Ranieri VM, Rubenfeld GD, Rubin E, Seckel M, Slutsky AS, Talmor D, Thompson BT, Wunsch H, Uleryk E, Brozek J, Brochard LJ, American Thoracic Society ESoICM, Society of Critical Care M (2017) An Official American Thoracic Society/European Society of Intensive Care Medicine/Society of critical care medicine clinical practice guideline: mechanical ventilation in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 195:1253–1263 PubMed
100.
Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, Levy MM, Antonelli M, Ferrer R, Kumar A, Sevransky JE, Sprung CL, Nunnally ME, Rochwerg B, Rubenfeld GD, Angus DC, Annane D, Beale RJ, Bellinghan GJ, Bernard GR, Chiche JD, Coopersmith C, De Backer DP, French CJ, Fujishima S, Gerlach H, Hidalgo JL, Hollenberg SM, Jones AE, Karnad DR, Kleinpell RM, Koh Y, Lisboa TC, Machado FR, Marini JJ, Marshall JC, Mazuski JE, McIntyre LA, McLean AS, Mehta S, Moreno RP, Myburgh J, Navalesi P, Nishida O, Osborn TM, Perner A, Plunkett CM, Ranieri M, Schorr CA, Seckel MA, Seymour CW, Shieh L, Shukri KA, Simpson SQ, Singer M, Thompson BT, Townsend SR, Van der Poll T, Vincent JL, Wiersinga WJ, Zimmerman JL, Dellinger RP (2017) Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock—2016. Intensive Care Med 43:304–377 PubMed
101.
Thille AW, Rodriguez P, Cabello B, Lellouche F, Brochard L (2006) Patient-ventilator asynchrony during assisted mechanical ventilation. Intensive Care Med 32:1515–1522 PubMed
102.
Yasuda H, Nishimura T, Kamo T, Sanui M, Nango E, Abe T, Takebayashi T, Lefor AK, Hashimoto S (2017) Optimal plateau pressure for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression. BMJ Open 7:e015091 PubMedPubMedCentral
103.
Brower RG, Lanken PN, MacIntyre N, Matthay MA, Morris A, Ancukiewicz M, Schoenfeld D, Thompson BT, National Heart L, Blood Institute ACTN (2004) Higher versus lower positive end-expiratory pressures in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 351:327–336 PubMed
104.
Meade MO, Cook DJ, Guyatt GH, Slutsky AS, Arabi YM, Cooper DJ, Davies AR, Hand LE, Zhou Q, Thabane L, Austin P, Lapinsky S, Baxter A, Russell J, Skrobik Y, Ronco JJ, Stewart TE, Lung Open Ventilation Study I (2008) Ventilation strategy using low tidal volumes, recruitment maneuvers, and high positive end-expiratory pressure for acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 299:637–664 PubMed
105.
Mercat A, Richard JC, Vielle B, Jaber S, Osman D, Diehl JL, Lefrant JY, Prat G, Richecoeur J, Nieszkowska A, Gervais C, Baudot J, Bouadma L, Brochard L, Expiratory Pressure Study G (2008) Positive end-expiratory pressure setting in adults with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 299:646–655 PubMed
106.
Briel M, Meade M, Mercat A, Brower RG, Talmor D, Walter SD, Slutsky AS, Pullenayegum E, Zhou Q, Cook D, Brochard L, Richard JC, Lamontagne F, Bhatnagar N, Stewart TE, Guyatt G (2010) Higher vs lower positive end-expiratory pressure in patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 303:865–873 PubMed
107.
Guo L, Xie J, Huang Y, Pan C, Yang Y, Qiu H, Liu L (2018) Higher PEEP improves outcomes in ARDS patients with clinically objective positive oxygenation response to PEEP: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Anesthesiol 18:172 PubMedPubMedCentral
108.
Walkey AJ, Del Sorbo L, Hodgson CL, Adhikari NKJ, Wunsch H, Meade MO, Uleryk E, Hess D, Talmor DS, Thompson BT, Brower RG, Fan E (2017) Higher PEEP versus lower PEEP strategies for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Am Thorac Soc 14:S297–S303 PubMed
109.
National Heart L, Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Trials N, Wiedemann HP, Wheeler AP, Bernard GR, Thompson BT, Hayden D, deBoisblanc B, Connors AF Jr, Hite RD, Harabin AL (2006) Comparison of two fluid-management strategies in acute lung injury. N Engl J Med 354:2564–2575
110.
111.
Cornejo RA, Diaz JC, Tobar EA, Bruhn AR, Ramos CA, Gonzalez RA, Repetto CA, Romero CM, Galvez LR, Llanos O, Arellano DH, Neira WR, Diaz GA, Zamorano AJ, Pereira GL (2013) Effects of prone positioning on lung protection in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 188:440–448 PubMed
112.
Albert RK, Hubmayr RD (2000) The prone position eliminates compression of the lungs by the heart. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161:1660–1665 PubMed
113.
Nyren S, Radell P, Lindahl SG, Mure M, Petersson J, Larsson SA, Jacobsson H, Sanchez-Crespo A (2010) Lung ventilation and perfusion in prone and supine postures with reference to anesthetized and mechanically ventilated healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology 112:682–687 PubMed
114.
Munshi L, Del Sorbo L, Adhikari NKJ, Hodgson CL, Wunsch H, Meade MO, Uleryk E, Mancebo J, Pesenti A, Ranieri VM, Fan E (2017) Prone position for acute respiratory distress syndrome. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Am Thorac Soc 14:S280–S288 PubMed
115.
Bloomfield R, Noble DW, Sudlow A (2015) Prone position for acute respiratory failure in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 11:CD008095
116.
Mora-Arteaga JA, Bernal-Ramirez OJ, Rodriguez SJ (2015) The effects of prone position ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. A systematic review and metaanalysis. Med Intensiva 39:359–372 PubMed
117.
Lee JM, Bae W, Lee YJ, Cho YJ (2014) The efficacy and safety of prone positional ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome: updated study-level meta-analysis of 11 randomized controlled trials. Crit Care Med 42:1252–1262 PubMed
118.
van der Voort PH, Zandstra DF (2001) Enteral feeding in the critically ill: comparison between the supine and prone positions: a prospective crossover study in mechanically ventilated patients. Crit Care 5:216–220 PubMedPubMedCentral
119.
Reintam Blaser A, Starkopf J, Alhazzani W, Berger MM, Casaer MP, Deane AM, Fruhwald S, Hiesmayr M, Ichai C, Jakob SM, Loudet CI, Malbrain ML, Montejo Gonzalez JC, Paugam-Burtz C, Poeze M, Preiser JC, Singer P, van Zanten AR, De Waele J, Wendon J, Wernerman J, Whitehouse T, Wilmer A, Oudemans-van Straaten HM, Function EWGoG (2017) Early enteral nutrition in critically ill patients: ESICM clinical practice guidelines. Intensive Care Med 43:380–398 PubMedPubMedCentral
120.
Murray MJ, DeBlock H, Erstad B, Gray A, Jacobi J, Jordan C, McGee W, McManus C, Meade M, Nix S, Patterson A, Sands MK, Pino R, Tescher A, Arbour R, Rochwerg B, Murray CF, Mehta S (2016) Clinical practice guidelines for sustained neuromuscular blockade in the adult critically Ill patient. Crit Care Med 44:2079–2103 PubMed
121.
Griffiths M, Fan E, Baudouin SV (2019) New UK guidelines for the management of adult patients with ARDS. Thorax 74:931–933 PubMed
122.
Claesson J, Freundlich M, Gunnarsson I, Laake JH, Moller MH, Vandvik PO, Varpula T, Aasmundstad TA (2016) Scandinavian clinical practice guideline on fluid and drug therapy in adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 60:697–709 PubMedPubMedCentral
123.
Papazian L, Aubron C, Brochard L, Chiche JD, Combes A, Dreyfuss D, Forel JM, Guerin C, Jaber S, Mekontso-Dessap A, Mercat A, Richard JC, Roux D, Vieillard-Baron A, Faure H (2019) Formal guidelines: management of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Ann Intensive Care 9:69 PubMedPubMedCentral
124.
Alhazzani W, Alshahrani M, Jaeschke R, Forel JM, Papazian L, Sevransky J, Meade MO (2013) Neuromuscular blocking agents in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Care 17:R43 PubMedPubMedCentral
125.
National Heart L, Blood Institute PCTN, Moss M, Huang DT, Brower RG, Ferguson ND, Ginde AA, Gong MN, Grissom CK, Gundel S, Hayden D, Hite RD, Hou PC, Hough CL, Iwashyna TJ, Khan A, Liu KD, Talmor D, Thompson BT, Ulysse CA, Yealy DM, Angus DC (2019) Early neuromuscular blockade in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 380:1997–2008
126.
Gebistorf F, Karam O, Wetterslev J, Afshari A (2016) Inhaled nitric oxide for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in children and adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 6:CD002787
127.
Gattinoni L, Caironi P, Cressoni M, Chiumello D, Ranieri VM, Quintel M, Russo S, Patroniti N, Cornejo R, Bugedo G (2006) Lung recruitment in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 354:1775–1786 PubMed
128.
Kacmarek RM, Villar J, Sulemanji D, Montiel R, Ferrando C, Blanco J, Koh Y, Soler JA, Martinez D, Hernandez M, Tucci M, Borges JB, Lubillo S, Santos A, Araujo JB, Amato MB, Suarez-Sipmann F, Open Lung Approach N (2016) Open lung approach for the acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pilot, randomized controlled trial. Crit Care Med 44:32–42 PubMed
129.
Xi XM, Jiang L, Zhu B, group RM, (2010) Clinical efficacy and safety of recruitment maneuver in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome using low tidal volume ventilation: a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial. Chin Med J (Engl) 123:3100–3105
130.
Writing Group for the Alveolar Recruitment for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Trial I, Cavalcanti AB, Suzumura EA, Laranjeira LN, Paisani DM, Damiani LP, Guimaraes HP, Romano ER, Regenga MM, Taniguchi LNT, Teixeira C, Pinheiro de Oliveira R, Machado FR, Diaz-Quijano FA, Filho MSA, Maia IS, Caser EB, Filho WO, Borges MC, Martins PA, Matsui M, Ospina-Tascon GA, Giancursi TS, Giraldo-Ramirez ND, Vieira SRR, Assef M, Hasan MS, Szczeklik W, Rios F, Amato MBP, Berwanger O, Ribeiro de Carvalho CR (2017) Effect of lung recruitment and titrated positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) vs low PEEP on mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 318:1335–1345
131.
Hodgson CL, Tuxen DV, Davies AR, Bailey MJ, Higgins AM, Holland AE, Keating JL, Pilcher DV, Westbrook AJ, Cooper DJ, Nichol AD (2011) A randomised controlled trial of an open lung strategy with staircase recruitment, titrated PEEP and targeted low airway pressures in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care 15:R133 PubMedPubMedCentral
132.
Hodgson CL, Cooper DJ, Arabi Y, King V, Bersten A, Bihari S, Brickell K, Davies A, Fahey C, Fraser J, McGuinness S, Murray L, Parke R, Paul E, Tuxen D, Vallance S, Young M, Nichol A (2019) Maximal recruitment open lung ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (PHARLAP). A phase II, multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 200:1363–1372 PubMed
133.
Huh JW, Jung H, Choi HS, Hong SB, Lim CM, Koh Y (2009) Efficacy of positive end-expiratory pressure titration after the alveolar recruitment manoeuvre in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care 13:R22 PubMedPubMedCentral
134.
Goligher EC, Hodgson CL, Adhikari NKJ, Meade MO, Wunsch H, Uleryk E, Gajic O, Amato MPB, Ferguson ND, Rubenfeld GD, Fan E (2017) Lung recruitment maneuvers for adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Am Thorac Soc 14:S304–S311 PubMed
135.
Alshahrani MS, Sindi A, Alshamsi F, Al-Omari A, El Tahan M, Alahmadi B, Zein A, Khatani N, Al-Hameed F, Alamri S, Abdelzaher M, Alghamdi A, Alfousan F, Tash A, Tashkandi W, Alraddadi R, Lewis K, Badawee M, Arabi YM, Fan E, Alhazzani W (2018) Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Ann Intensive Care 8:3 PubMedPubMedCentral
136.
Combes A, Hajage D, Capellier G, Demoule A, Lavoue S, Guervilly C, Da Silva D, Zafrani L, Tirot P, Veber B, Maury E, Levy B, Cohen Y, Richard C, Kalfon P, Bouadma L, Mehdaoui H, Beduneau G, Lebreton G, Brochard L, Ferguson ND, Fan E, Slutsky AS, Brodie D, Mercat A, Eolia Trial Group R, Ecmonet (2018) Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 378:1965–1975 PubMed
137.
Goligher EC, Tomlinson G, Hajage D, Wijeysundera DN, Fan E, Juni P, Brodie D, Slutsky AS, Combes A (2018) Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and posterior probability of mortality benefit in a post hoc bayesian analysis of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 320:2251–2259 PubMed
138.
Munshi L, Walkey A, Goligher E, Pham T, Uleryk EM, Fan E (2019) Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Respir Med 7:163–172 PubMed
139.
140.
Fardet L, Galicier L, Lambotte O, Marzac C, Aumont C, Chahwan D, Coppo P, Hejblum G (2014) Development and validation of the HScore, a score for the diagnosis of reactive hemophagocytic syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatol 66:2613–2620 PubMed
141.
142.
Wang Y, Jiang W, He Q, Wang C, Wang B, Zhou P, Dong N, Tong Q, (2020) Early, low-dose and short-term application of corticosteroid treatment in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: single-center experience from Wuhan, China. medRxiv: 2020.2003.2006.20032342
143.
Siemieniuk RA, Meade MO, Alonso-Coello P, Briel M, Evaniew N, Prasad M, Alexander PE, Fei Y, Vandvik PO, Loeb M, Guyatt GH (2015) Corticosteroid therapy for patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 163:519–528 PubMed
144.
Lansbury L, Rodrigo C, Leonardi-Bee J, Nguyen-Van-Tam J, Lim WS (2019) Corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of influenza. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2:CD010406 PubMed
145.
Lewis SR, Pritchard MW, Thomas CM, Smith AF (2019) Pharmacological agents for adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 7:CD004477 PubMed
146.
Villar J, Ferrando C, Martinez D, Ambros A, Munoz T, Soler JA, Aguilar G, Alba F, Gonzalez-Higueras E, Conesa LA, Martin-Rodriguez C, Diaz-Dominguez FJ, Serna-Grande P, Rivas R, Ferreres J, Belda J, Capilla L, Tallet A, Anon JM, Fernandez RL, Gonzalez-Martin JM, dexamethasone in An, (2020) Dexamethasone treatment for the acute respiratory distress syndrome: a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med 8:267–276 PubMed
147.
Ranieri VM, Pettila V, Karvonen MK, Jalkanen J, Nightingale P, Brealey D, Mancebo J, Ferrer R, Mercat A, Patroniti N, Quintel M, Vincent JL, Okkonen M, Meziani F, Bellani G, MacCallum N, Creteur J, Kluge S, Artigas-Raventos A, Maksimow M, Piippo I, Elima K, Jalkanen S, Jalkanen M, Bellingan G, Group IS (2020) Effect of Intravenous Interferon beta-1a on death and days free from mechanical ventilation among patients with moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1001/​jama.​2019.​22525 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
148.
Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, Xia J, Zhou X, Xu S, Huang H, Zhang L, Zhou X, Du C, Zhang Y, Song J, Wang S, Chao Y, Yang Z, Xu J, Zhou X, Chen D, Xiong W, Xu L, Zhou F, Jiang J, Bai C, Zheng J, Song Y (2020) Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan. JAMA Intern Med, China. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1001/​jamainternmed.​2020.​0994 CrossRef
149.
Rochwerg B, Oczkowski SJ, Siemieniuk RAC, Agoritsas T, Belley-Cote E, D’Aragon F, Duan E, English S, Gossack-Keenan K, Alghuroba M, Szczeklik W, Menon K, Alhazzani W, Sevransky J, Vandvik PO, Annane D, Guyatt G (2018) Corticosteroids in sepsis: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med 46:1411–1420 PubMed
150.
Lian XJ, Huang DZ, Cao YS, Wei YX, Lian ZZ, Qin TH, He PC, Liu YH, Wang SH (2019) Reevaluating the role of corticosteroids in septic shock: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Biomed Res Int 2019:3175047 PubMedPubMedCentral
151.
Arabi YM, Mandourah Y, Al-Hameed F, Sindi AA, Almekhlafi GA, Hussein MA, Jose J, Pinto R, Al-Omari A, Kharaba A, Almotairi A, Al Khatib K, Alraddadi B, Shalhoub S, Abdulmomen A, Qushmaq I, Mady A, Solaiman O, Al-Aithan AM, Al-Raddadi R, Ragab A, Balkhy HH, Al Harthy A, Deeb AM, Al Mutairi H, Al-Dawood A, Merson L, Hayden FG, Fowler RA, Saudi Critical Care Trial G (2018) Corticosteroid therapy for critically ill patients with middle east respiratory syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 197:757–767 PubMed
152.
Hui DS (2018) Systemic corticosteroid therapy may delay viral clearance in patients with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 197:700–701 PubMed
153.
Lee N, Allen Chan KC, Hui DS, Ng EK, Wu A, Chiu RW, Wong VW, Chan PK, Wong KT, Wong E, Cockram CS, Tam JS, Sung JJ, Lo YM (2004) Effects of early corticosteroid treatment on plasma SARS-associated Coronavirus RNA concentrations in adult patients. J Clin Virol 31:304–309 PubMedPubMedCentral
154.
Uyeki TM, Bernstein HH, Bradley JS, Englund JA, File TM, Fry AM, Gravenstein S, Hayden FG, Harper SA, Hirshon JM, Ison MG, Johnston BL, Knight SL, McGeer A, Riley LE, Wolfe CR, Alexander PE, Pavia AT (2019) Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America: 2018 Update on diagnosis, treatment, chemoprophylaxis, and institutional outbreak management of seasonal influenzaa. Clin Inf Dis 68:895–902
155.
Arabi YM, Al-Omari A, Mandourah Y, Al-Hameed F, Sindi AA, Alraddadi B, Shalhoub S, Almotairi A, Al Khatib K, Abdulmomen A, Qushmaq I, Mady A, Solaiman O, Al-Aithan AM, Al-Raddadi R, Ragab A, Al Mekhlafi GA, Al Harthy A, Kharaba A, Ahmadi MA, Sadat M, Mutairi HA, Qasim EA, Jose J, Nasim M, Al-Dawood A, Merson L, Fowler R, Hayden FG, Balkhy HH, Saudi Critical Care Trials G (2017) Critically ill patients with the middle east respiratory syndrome: a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Crit Care Med 45:1683–1695 PubMed
156.
Rice TW, Rubinson L, Uyeki TM, Vaughn FL, John BB, Miller RR 3rd, Higgs E, Randolph AG, Smoot BE, Thompson BT, Network NA (2012) Critical illness from 2009 pandemic influenza A virus and bacterial coinfection in the United States. Crit Care Med 40:1487–1498 PubMedPubMedCentral
157.
Shieh WJ, Blau DM, Denison AM, Deleon-Carnes M, Adem P, Bhatnagar J, Sumner J, Liu L, Patel M, Batten B, Greer P, Jones T, Smith C, Bartlett J, Montague J, White E, Rollin D, Gao R, Seales C, Jost H, Metcalfe M, Goldsmith CS, Humphrey C, Schmitz A, Drew C, Paddock C, Uyeki TM, Zaki SR (2010) 2009 Pandemic influenza A (H1N1): pathology and pathogenesis of 100 fatal cases in the United States. Am J Pathol 177:166–175 PubMedPubMedCentral
158.
McCullers JA (2013) Do specific virus-bacteria pairings drive clinical outcomes of pneumonia? Clin Microbiol Infect 19:113–118 PubMed
159.
Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Cardona-Ospina JA, Gutiérrez-Ocampo E, Villamizar-Peña R, Holguin-Rivera Y, Escalera-Antezana JP, Alvarado-Arnez LE, Katterine Bonilla-Aldana D, Franco-Paredes C, Henao-Martinez AF, Paniz-Mondolfi A, Lagos-Grisales GJ, Ramírez-Vallejo E, Suárez JA, Zambrano LI, Villamil-Gómez WE, Balbin-Ramon GJ, Rabaan AA, Harapan H, Dhama K, Nishiura H, Kataoka H, Ahmad T, Sah R (2020) Clinical, laboratory and imaging features of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Travel Med Inf Dis 45:50
160.
Schulman CI, Namias N, Doherty J, Manning RJ, Li P, Elhaddad A, Lasko D, Amortegui J, Dy CJ, Dlugasch L, Baracco G, Cohn SM (2005) The effect of antipyretic therapy upon outcomes in critically ill patients: a randomized, prospective study. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 6:369–375
161.
Young P, Saxena M, Bellomo R, Freebairn R, Hammond N, van Haren F, Holliday M, Henderson S, Mackle D, McArthur C, McGuinness S, Myburgh J, Weatherall M, Webb S, Beasley R, Investigators H, Australian, New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials G (2015) Acetaminophen for fever in critically ill patients with suspected infection. N Engl J Med 373:2215–2224 PubMed
162.
Haupt MT, Jastremski MS, Clemmer TP, Metz CA, Goris GB (1991) Effect of ibuprofen in patients with severe sepsis: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study. The Ibuprofen Study Group. Crit Care Med 19:1339–1347 PubMed
163.
Bernard GR, Wheeler AP, Russell JA, Schein R, Summer WR, Steinberg KP, Fulkerson WJ, Wright PE, Christman BW, Dupont WD, Higgins SB, Swindell BB (1997) The effects of ibuprofen on the physiology and survival of patients with sepsis. The Ibuprofen in Sepsis Study Group. N Engl J Med 336:912–918 PubMed
164.
Gozzoli V, Schottker P, Suter PM, Ricou B (2001) Is it worth treating fever in intensive care unit patients? Preliminary results from a randomized trial of the effect of external cooling. Arch Intern Med 161:121–123 PubMed
165.
Memis D, Karamanlioglu B, Turan A, Koyuncu O, Pamukcu Z (2004) Effects of lornoxicam on the physiology of severe sepsis. Crit Care 8:R474–R482 PubMedPubMedCentral
166.
Honarmand H, Abdollahi M, Ahmadi A, Javadi MR, Khoshayand MR, Tabeefar H, Mousavi S, Mahmoudi L, Radfar M, Najafi A, Mojtahedzadeh M (2012) Randomized trial of the effect of intravenous paracetamol on inflammatory biomarkers and outcome in febrile critically ill adults. Daru 20:12 PubMedPubMedCentral
167.
Schortgen F, Clabault K, Katsahian S, Devaquet J, Mercat A, Deye N, Dellamonica J, Bouadma L, Cook F, Beji O, Brun-Buisson C, Lemaire F, Brochard L (2012) Fever control using external cooling in septic shock: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 185:1088–1095 PubMed
168.
Niven DJ, Stelfox HT, Leger C, Kubes P, Laupland KB (2013) Assessment of the safety and feasibility of administering antipyretic therapy in critically ill adults: a pilot randomized clinical trial. J Crit Care 28:296–302 PubMed
169.
Yang YL, Liu DW, Wang XT, Long Y, Zhou X, Chai WZ (2013) Body temperature control in patients with refractory septic shock: too much may be harmful. Chin Med J (Engl) 126:1809–1813
170.
Janz DR, Bastarache JA, Rice TW, Bernard GR, Warren MA, Wickersham N, Sills G, Oates JA, Roberts LJ 2nd, Ware LB, Acetaminophen for the Reduction of Oxidative Injury in Severe Sepsis Study G (2015) Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of acetaminophen for the reduction of oxidative injury in severe sepsis: the Acetaminophen for the Reduction of Oxidative Injury in Severe Sepsis trial. Crit Care Med 43:534–541 PubMedPubMedCentral
171.
Schortgen F, Charles-Nelson A, Bouadma L, Bizouard G, Brochard L, Katsahian S (2015) Respective impact of lowering body temperature and heart rate on mortality in septic shock: mediation analysis of a randomized trial. Intensive Care Med 41:1800–1808 PubMed
172.
173.
Stiehm ER (2013) Adverse effects of human immunoglobulin therapy. Transfus Med Rev 27:171–178 PubMed
174.
Davey RT Jr, Fernández-Cruz E, Markowitz N, Pett S, Babiker AG, Wentworth D, Khurana S, Engen N, Gordin F, Jain MK, Kan V, Polizzotto MN, Riska P, Ruxrungtham K, Temesgen Z, Lundgren J, Beigel JH, Lane HC, Neaton JD, Davey RT, Fernández-Cruz E, Markowitz N, Pett S, Babiker AG, Wentworth D, Khurana S, Engen N, Gordin F, Jain MK, Kan V, Polizzotto MN, Riska P, Ruxrungtham K, Temesgen Z, Lundgren J, Beigel JH, Lane HC, Neaton JD, Butts J, Denning E, DuChene A, Krum E, Harrison M, Meger S, Peterson R, Quan K, Shaughnessy M, Thompson G, Vock D, Metcalf J, Dewar R, Rehman T, Natarajan V, McConnell R, Flowers E, Smith K, Hoover M, Coyle EM, Munroe D, Aagaard B, Pearson M, Cursley A, Webb H, Hudson F, Russell C, Sy A, Purvis C, Jackson B, Collaco-Moraes Y, Carey D, Robson R, Sánchez A, Finley E, Conwell D, Losso MH, Gambardella L, Abela C, Lopez P, Alonso H, Touloumi G, Gioukari V, Anagnostou O, Avihingsanon A, Pussadee K, Ubolyam S, Omotosho B, Solórzano C, Petersen T, Vysyaraju K, Rizza SA, Whitaker JA, Nahra R, Baxter J, Coburn P, Gardner EM, Scott JA, Faber L, Pastor E, Makohon L, MacArthur RA, Hillman LM, Farrough MJ, Polenakovik HM, Clark LA, Colon RJ, Kunisaki KM, DeConcini M, Johnson SA, Wolfe CR, Mkumba L, Carbonneau JY, Morris A, Fitzpatrick ME, Kessinger CJ, Salata RA, Arters KA, Tasi CM, Panos RJ, Lach LA, Glesby MJ, Ham KA, Hughes VG, Schooley RT, Crouch D, Muttera L, Novak RM, Bleasdale SC, Zuckerman AE, Manosuthi W, Thaonyen S, Chiewcharn T, Suwanpimolkul G, Gatechumpol S, Bunpasang S, Angus BJ, Anderson M, Morgan M, Minton J, Gkamaletsou MN, Hambleton J, Price DA, Llewelyn MJ, Sweetman J, Carbone J, Arribas JR, Montejano R, Lobo Beristain JL, Martinez IZ, Barberan J, Hernandez P, Dwyer DE, Kok J, Borges A, Brandt CT, Knudsen LS, Sypsas N, Constantinou C, Markogiannakis A, Zakynthinos S, Katsaounou P, Kalomenidis I, Mykietiuk A, Alzogaray MF, Obed M, Macias LM, Ebensrtejin J, Burgoa P, Nannini E, Lahitte M, Perez-Patrigeon S, Martínez-Orozco JA, Ramírez-Hinojosa JP (2019) Anti-influenza hyperimmune intravenous immunoglobulin for adults with influenza A or B infection (FLU-IVIG): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med 7:951–963 PubMedPubMedCentral
175.
Beigel JH, Nam HH, Adams PL, Krafft A, Ince WL, El-Kamary SS, Sims AC (2019) Advances in respiratory virus therapeutics: a meeting report from the 6th isirv antiviral group conference. Antiviral Res 167:45–67 PubMedPubMedCentral
176.
Arabi YM, Fowler R, Hayden FG (2020) Critical care management of adults with community-acquired severe respiratory viral infection. Intensive Care Med 46:315–328 PubMedPubMedCentral
177.
178.
Hung IF, To KK, Lee CK, Lee KL, Yan WW, Chan K, Chan WM, Ngai CW, Law KI, Chow FL, Liu R, Lai KY, Lau CC, Liu SH, Chan KH, Lin CK, Yuen KY (2013) Hyperimmune IV immunoglobulin treatment: a multicenter double-blind randomized controlled trial for patients with severe 2009 influenza A(H1N1) infection. Chest 144:464–473 PubMed
179.
180.
Hung IF, To KK, Lee CK, Lee KL, Chan K, Yan WW, Liu R, Watt CL, Chan WM, Lai KY, Koo CK, Buckley T, Chow FL, Wong KK, Chan HS, Ching CK, Tang BS, Lau CC, Li IW, Liu SH, Chan KH, Lin CK, Yuen KY (2011) Convalescent plasma treatment reduced mortality in patients with severe pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus infection. Clin Inf Dis 52:447–456
181.
Luke TC, Kilbane EM, Jackson JL, Hoffman SL (2006) Meta-analysis: convalescent blood products for Spanish influenza pneumonia: a future H5N1 treatment? Ann Intern Med 145:599–609 PubMed
182.
Kong LK, Zhou BP (2006) Successful treatment of avian influenza with convalescent plasma. Hong Kong Med J 12:489 PubMed
183.
Mair-Jenkins J, Saavedra-Campos M, Baillie K, Cleary P, Khaw FM, Lim WS, Makki S, Rooney KD, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, Beck CR (2014) The effectiveness of convalescent plasma and hyperimmune immunoglobulin for the treatment of severe acute respiratory infections of viral aetiology: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis. J Infect Dis 211:80–90 PubMed
184.
185.
Arabi YM, Hajeer AH, Luke T, Raviprakash K, Balkhy H, Johani S, Al-Dawood A, Al-Qahtani S, Al-Omari A, Al-Hameed F, Hayden FG, Fowler R, Bouchama A, Shindo N, Al-Khairy K, Carson G, Taha Y, Sadat M, Alahmadi M (2016) Feasibility of using convalescent plasma immunotherapy for MERS-CoV infection, Saudi Arabia. Emerg Infect Dis 22:1554–1561 PubMedPubMedCentral
186.
van Griensven J, Edwards T, de Lamballerie X, Semple MG, Gallian P, Baize S, Horby PW, Raoul H, Magassouba N, Antierens A, Lomas C, Faye O, Sall AA, Fransen K, Buyze J, Ravinetto R, Tiberghien P, Claeys Y, De Crop M, Lynen L, Bah EI, Smith PG, Delamou A, De Weggheleire A, Haba N, Ebola-Tx C (2016) Evaluation of convalescent plasma for ebola virus disease in Guinea. N Engl J Med 374:33–42 PubMedPubMedCentral
187.
Beigel JH, Aga E, Elie-Turenne M-C, Cho J, Tebas P, Clark CL, Metcalf JP, Ozment C, Raviprakash K, Beeler J, Holley HP Jr, Warner S, Chorley C, Lane HC, Hughes MD, Davey RT Jr, Beigel JH, Aga E, Elie-Turenne M-C, Cho J, Tebas P, Clark CL, Metcalf JP, Ozment C, Raviprakash K, Beeler J, Holley HP Jr, Warner S, Chorley C, Lane HC, Hughes MD, Davey RT, Barron M, Bastani A, Bauer P, Borkowsky W, Cairns C, Deville J, Elie M-C, Fichtenbaum C, Finberg R, Jain M, Kaufman D, Lin M, Lin J, Maves R, Morrow L, Nguyen M-H, Park P, Polk C, Randolph A, Rao S, Rubinson L, Schofield C, Shoham S, Stalets E, Stapleton RD (2019) Anti-influenza immune plasma for the treatment of patients with severe influenza A: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet Respir Med. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​s2213-2600(19)30199-7 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
188.
Huang X, Xu Y, Yang Q, Chen J, Zhang T, Li Z, Guo C, Chen H, Wu H, Li N (2015) Efficacy and biological safety of lopinavir/ritonavir based anti-retroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sci Rep 5:8528 PubMedPubMedCentral
189.
Chu CM, Cheng VC, Hung IF, Wong MM, Chan KH, Chan KS, Kao RY, Poon LL, Wong CL, Guan Y, Peiris JS, Yuen KY, Group HUSS (2004) Role of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of SARS: initial virological and clinical findings. Thorax 59:252–256 PubMedPubMedCentral
190.
de Wilde AH, Jochmans D, Posthuma CC, Zevenhoven-Dobbe JC, van Nieuwkoop S, Bestebroer TM, van den Hoogen BG, Neyts J, Snijder EJ (2014) Screening of an FDA-approved compound library identifies four small-molecule inhibitors of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication in cell culture. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58:4875–4884 PubMedPubMedCentral
191.
Chan JF, Yao Y, Yeung ML, Deng W, Bao L, Jia L, Li F, Xiao C, Gao H, Yu P, Cai JP, Chu H, Zhou J, Chen H, Qin C, Yuen KY (2015) Treatment With lopinavir/ritonavir or interferon-beta1b improves outcome of MERS-CoV infection in a nonhuman primate model of common marmoset. J Infect Dis 212:1904–1913 PubMed
192.
Arabi YM, Asiri AY, Assiri AM, Aziz Jokhdar HA, Alothman A, Balkhy HH, AlJohani S, Al Harbi S, Kojan S, Al Jeraisy M, Deeb AM, Memish ZA, Ghazal S, Al Faraj S, Al-Hameed F, AlSaedi A, Mandourah Y, Al Mekhlafi GA, Sherbeeni NM, Elzein FE, Almotairi A, Al Bshabshe A, Kharaba A, Jose J, Al Harthy A, Al Sulaiman M, Mady A, Fowler RA, Hayden FG, Al-Dawood A, Abdelzaher M, Bajhmom W, Hussein MA, the Saudi Critical Care Trials g (2020) Treatment of Middle East respiratory syndrome with a combination of lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon-beta1b (MIRACLE trial): statistical analysis plan for a recursive two-stage group sequential randomized controlled trial. Trials 21:8 PubMedPubMedCentral
193.
World Health Organization Informal consultation on prioritization of candidate therapeutic agents for use in novel coronavirus 2019 infection. In: Editor (ed) Book Informal consultation on prioritization of candidate therapeutic agents for use in novel coronavirus 2019 infection
194.
Cao B, Wang Y, Wen D, Liu W, Wang J, Fan G, Ruan L, Song B, Cai Y, Wei M, Li X, Xia J, Chen N, Xiang J, Yu T, Bai T, Xie X, Zhang L, Li C, Yuan Y, Chen H, Li H, Huang H, Tu S, Gong F, Liu Y, Wei Y, Dong C, Zhou F, Gu X, Xu J, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Li H, Shang L, Wang K, Li K, Zhou X, Dong X, Qu Z, Lu S, Hu X, Ruan S, Luo S, Wu J, Peng L, Cheng F, Pan L, Zou J, Jia C, Wang J, Liu X, Wang S, Wu X, Ge Q, He J, Zhan H, Qiu F, Guo L, Huang C, Jaki T, Hayden FG, Horby PW, Zhang D, Wang C (2020) A trial of lopinavir-ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe Covid-19. N Engl J Med. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1056/​nejmoa2001282 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
195.
196.
Wang M, Cao R, Zhang L, Yang X, Liu J, Xu M, Shi Z, Hu Z, Zhong W, Xiao G (2020) Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Res 30:269–271 PubMedPubMedCentral
197.
Sheahan TP, Sims AC, Leist SR, Schafer A, Won J, Brown AJ, Montgomery SA, Hogg A, Babusis D, Clarke MO, Spahn JE, Bauer L, Sellers S, Porter D, Feng JY, Cihlar T, Jordan R, Denison MR, Baric RS (2020) Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV. Nat Commun 11:222 PubMedPubMedCentral
198.
199.
Mulangu S, Dodd LE, Davey RT Jr, Tshiani Mbaya O, Proschan M, Mukadi D, Lusakibanza Manzo M, Nzolo D, Tshomba Oloma A, Ibanda A, Ali R, Coulibaly S, Levine AC, Grais R, Diaz J, Lane HC, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Group TW, Sivahera B, Camara M, Kojan R, Walker R, Dighero-Kemp B, Cao H, Mukumbayi P, Mbala-Kingebeni P, Ahuka S, Albert S, Bonnett T, Crozier I, Duvenhage M, Proffitt C, Teitelbaum M, Moench T, Aboulhab J, Barrett K, Cahill K, Cone K, Eckes R, Hensley L, Herpin B, Higgs E, Ledgerwood J, Pierson J, Smolskis M, Sow Y, Tierney J, Sivapalasingam S, Holman W, Gettinger N, Vallee D, Nordwall J, Team PCS (2019) A randomized, controlled trial of ebola virus disease therapeutics. N Engl J Med 381:2293–2303 PubMed
200.
Falzarano D, de Wit E, Martellaro C, Callison J, Munster VJ, Feldmann H (2013) Inhibition of novel beta coronavirus replication by a combination of interferon-alpha2b and ribavirin. Sci Rep 3:1686 PubMedPubMedCentral
201.
Falzarano D, de Wit E, Rasmussen AL, Feldmann F, Okumura A, Scott DP, Brining D, Bushmaker T, Martellaro C, Baseler L, Benecke AG, Katze MG, Munster VJ, Feldmann H (2013) Treatment with interferon-alpha2b and ribavirin improves outcome in MERS-CoV-infected rhesus macaques. Nat Med 19:1313–1317 PubMedPubMedCentral
202.
Momattin H, Mohammed K, Zumla A, Memish ZA, Al-Tawfiq JA (2013) Therapeutic options for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)–possible lessons from a systematic review of SARS-CoV therapy. IJID 17:e792–e798 PubMed
203.
Hart BJ, Dyall J, Postnikova E, Zhou H, Kindrachuk J, Johnson RF, Olinger GG Jr, Frieman MB, Holbrook MR, Jahrling PB, Hensley L (2014) Interferon-beta and mycophenolic acid are potent inhibitors of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in cell-based assays. J Gener Virol 95:571–577
204.
Arabi YM, Shalhoub S, Mandourah Y, Al-Hameed F, Al-Omari A, Al Qasim E, Jose J, Alraddadi B, Almotairi A, Al Khatib K, Abdulmomen A, Qushmaq I, Sindi AA, Mady A, Solaiman O, Al-Raddadi R, Maghrabi K, Ragab A, Al Mekhlafi GA, Balkhy HH, Al Harthy A, Kharaba A, Gramish JA, Al-Aithan AM, Al-Dawood A, Merson L, Hayden FG, Fowler R (2019) Ribavirin and interferon therapy for critically ill patients with middle east respiratory syndrome: a multicenter observational study. Clin Inf Dis 45:50. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​cid/​ciz544 CrossRef
205.
Chan JF, Chan KH, Kao RY, To KK, Zheng BJ, Li CP, Li PT, Dai J, Mok FK, Chen H, Hayden FG, Yuen KY (2013) Broad-spectrum antivirals for the emerging Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. J Inf 67:606–616
206.
Arabi YM, Alothman A, Balkhy HH, Al-Dawood A, AlJohani S, Al Harbi S, Kojan S, Al Jeraisy M, Deeb AM, Assiri AM, Al-Hameed F, AlSaedi A, Mandourah Y, Almekhlafi GA, Sherbeeni NM, Elzein FE, Memon J, Taha Y, Almotairi A, Maghrabi KA, Qushmaq I, Al Bshabshe A, Kharaba A, Shalhoub S, Jose J, Fowler RA, Hayden FG, Hussein MA, the Mtg, (2018) Treatment of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome with a combination of lopinavir-ritonavir and interferon-beta1b (MIRACLE trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 19:81 PubMedPubMedCentral
207.
Vincent MJ, Bergeron E, Benjannet S, Erickson BR, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG, Seidah NG, Nichol ST (2005) Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread. Virol J 2:69 PubMedPubMedCentral
208.
209.
210.
211.
Gao J, Tian Z, Yang X (2020) Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies. Biosci Trends 4:72–73
212.
multicenter collaboration group of Department of S, Technology of Guangdong P, Health Commission of Guangdong Province for chloroquine in the treatment of novel coronavirus p (2020) Expert consensus on chloroquine phosphate for the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 43:E019
213.
214.
Brunner HI, Ruperto N, Zuber Z, Keane C, Harari O, Kenwright A, Lu P, Cuttica R, Keltsev V, Xavier RM, Calvo I, Nikishina I, Rubio-Perez N, Alexeeva E, Chasnyk V, Horneff G, Opoka-Winiarska V, Quartier P, Silva CA, Silverman E, Spindler A, Baildam E, Gamir ML, Martin A, Rietschel C, Siri D, Smolewska E, Lovell D, Martini A, De Benedetti F, Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation P, Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study G (2015) Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in patients with polyarticular-course juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results from a phase 3, randomised, double-blind withdrawal trial. Ann Rheum Dis 74:1110–1117 PubMed
215.
Genovese MC, van Adelsberg J, Fan C, Graham NMH, van Hoogstraten H, Parrino J, Mangan EK, Spindler A, Huizinga TWJ, van der Heijde D, Investigators Es (2018) Two years of sarilumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to MTX: safety, efficacy and radiographic outcomes. Rheumatology (Oxford) 57:1423–1431
216.
Yokota S, Imagawa T, Mori M, Miyamae T, Aihara Y, Takei S, Iwata N, Umebayashi H, Murata T, Miyoshi M, Tomiita M, Nishimoto N, Kishimoto T (2008) Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in patients with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, withdrawal phase III trial. Lancet 371:998–1006 PubMed
217.
Le RQ, Li L, Yuan W, Shord SS, Nie L, Habtemariam BA, Przepiorka D, Farrell AT, Pazdur R (2018) FDA approval summary: tocilizumab for treatment of chimeric antigen receptor T cell-induced severe or life-threatening cytokine release syndrome. Oncologist 23:943 PubMedPubMedCentral
218.
Chen X, Zhao B, Qu Y, Chen Y, Xiong J, Feng Y, Men D, Huang Q, Liu Y, Yang B, Ding J, Li F, (2020) Detectable serum SARS-CoV-2 viral load (RNAaemia) is closely associated with drastically elevated interleukin 6 (IL-6) level in critically ill COVID-19 patients. medRxiv: 2020.2002.2029.20029520
219.
Campbell L, Chen C, Bhagat SS, Parker RA, Ostor AJ (2011) Risk of adverse events including serious infections in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with tocilizumab: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Rheumatology (Oxford) 50:552–562
220.
Geng Z, Yu Y, Hu S, Dong L, Ye C (2019) Tocilizumab and the risk of respiratory adverse events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Clin Exp Rheumatol 37:318–323 PubMed
221.
Haffizulla J, Hartman A, Hoppers M, Resnick H, Samudrala S, Ginocchio C, Bardin M, Rossignol JF, Group USNICS (2014) Effect of nitazoxanide in adults and adolescents with acute uncomplicated influenza: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2b/3 trial. Lancet Inf Dis 14:609–618
222.
Gamino-Arroyo AE, Guerrero ML, McCarthy S, Ramirez-Venegas A, Llamosas-Gallardo B, Galindo-Fraga A, Moreno-Espinosa S, Roldan-Aragon Y, Araujo-Melendez J, Hunsberger S, Ibarra-Gonzalez V, Martinez-Lopez J, Garcia-Andrade LA, Kapushoc H, Holley HP Jr, Smolskis MC, Ruiz-Palacios GM, Beigel JH, Mexico Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Research N (2019) Efficacy and safety of nitazoxanide in addition to standard of care for the treatment of severe acute respiratory illness. Clin Inf Dis 69:1903–1911
Metadaten
Titel
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: guidelines on the management of critically ill adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
verfasst von
Waleed Alhazzani
Morten Hylander Møller
Yaseen M. Arabi
Mark Loeb
Michelle Ng Gong
Eddy Fan
Simon Oczkowski
Mitchell M. Levy
Lennie Derde
Amy Dzierba
Bin Du
Michael Aboodi
Hannah Wunsch
Maurizio Cecconi
Younsuck Koh
Daniel S. Chertow
Kathryn Maitland
Fayez Alshamsi
Emilie Belley-Cote
Massimiliano Greco
Matthew Laundy
Jill S. Morgan
Jozef Kesecioglu
Allison McGeer
Leonard Mermel
Manoj J. Mammen
Paul E. Alexander
Amy Arrington
John E. Centofanti
Giuseppe Citerio
Bandar Baw
Ziad A. Memish
Naomi Hammond
Frederick G. Hayden
Laura Evans
Andrew Rhodes
Publikationsdatum
28.03.2020
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Intensive Care Medicine / Ausgabe 5/2020
Print ISSN: 0342-4642
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-1238
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-06022-5

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2020

Intensive Care Medicine 5/2020 Zur Ausgabe

Imaging in Intensive Care Medicine

Pre-excited atrial fibrillation

Letter

Findings of lung ultrasonography of novel corona virus pneumonia during the 2019–2020 epidemic

What's New in Intensive Care

Updated nomenclature of delirium and acute encephalopathy: statement of ten Societies

Letter

Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China

Imaging in Intensive Care Medicine

Imaging changes of severe COVID-19 pneumonia in advanced stage

Imaging in Intensive Care Medicine

Reversal of severe hypoxemia by administration of nitric oxide-echocardiographic findings

Corona-Update

Die aktuelle Entwicklung im Überblick: Nachrichten, Webinare, Übersichtsarbeiten.

» zum Update

Passend zum Thema

ANZEIGE

Diagnostik des chronischen Hustens

Die Hustendauer und deren Schweregrad lassen zumeist keine Rückschlüsse auf die zugrundliegende Ursache oder Erkrankung zu [1]. Bei Patienten mit chronischem Husten (> 8 Wochen) sollte eine diagnostische Abklärung erfolgen.
ANZEIGE

Zusammenfassung: S2k-Leitlinie mit Fokus chronischer Husten

In 2019 ist die S2k-Leitlinie der DGP zur Diagnostik und Therapie von erwachsenen Patienten mit Husten publiziert worden. Sie suchen einen kompakten Überblick? Dann finden Sie hier die Kernpunkte mit Fokus auf den chronischen Husten kurz zusammengefasst.
ANZEIGE

Chronischer Husten

Seit etwa 3 Jahren hat Katrin Asthma. Zusätzlich leidet sie seit mehreren Monaten unter einem dauerhaften trockenen Husten. Sie vermuten einen chronischen Husten und empfehlen ihr eine diagnostische pneumologische Abklärung.

Passend zum Thema

ANZEIGE

Kennen Sie den Stellenwert der Pneumokokken-Serotypen 22F & 33F?

Pneumokokken-Erkrankungen stellen ein ernstes Risiko für Säuglinge und Kleinkinder dar. Was die Pneumokokken-Serotypen 22F und 33F damit zu tun haben erfahren Sie hier.
ANZEIGE

15 Jahre HPV-Impfung: Wo stehen wir?

HPV-Impfstoffe sind mittlerweile seit mehr als 15 Jahren in Deutschland verfügbar. Mehr zur Entwicklung der HPV-Impfung und der aktuellen Situation.
ANZEIGE

Impfungen – vom Säugling bis zum Senior

Als eines der global führenden Gesundheitsunternehmen besitzt MSD mehr als 100 Jahre Erfahrung in der Entwicklung von Impfstoffen. Hier finden Sie Informationen zu einigen der von der STIKO empfohlenen Immunisierungen, z.B. der MMRV- und der HPV-Impfung sowie der Pneumokokken-Impfung für Senioren.

Bildnachweise