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Erschienen in: Die Innere Medizin 2/2020

10.01.2020 | Myelodysplastische Syndrome | CME

Myelodysplastische Syndrome

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. med. Aristoteles Giagounidis

Erschienen in: Die Innere Medizin | Ausgabe 2/2020

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Zusammenfassung

Myelodysplastische Syndrome (MDS) bezeichnen klonale Erkrankungen der pluripotenten Stammzellen der Hämatopoese, die zu peripheren Zytopenien führen. Charakteristisch sind bei Frühformen im Blut und im Knochenmark dysplastische Veränderungen der Erythropoese, Granulopoese und der Megakaryozyten. Fortgeschrittene MDS weisen eine zunehmende Blastenakkumulation auf. Etwa 30 % gehen in akute myeloische Leukämien über. MDS sind Erkrankungen des älteren Patienten mit Niedrigrisiko- oder Hochrisikoverläufen. Die mediane Überlebenszeit beträgt zwischen 6 Monaten und 10 Jahren. Chromosomale Veränderungen der Hämatopoese sind bei 50 % der Patienten nachweisbar, Einzelgenmutationen treten bei bis zu 80 % auf. Beide gelten als treibende Kraft hinter der Differenzierungsstörung und Blastenvermehrung im Knochenmark. Die therapeutischen Optionen reichen von supportiver Therapie über erythropoesestimulierende Agenzien bis zu demethylierenden Substanzen und allogener Blutstammzelltransplantation.
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Metadaten
Titel
Myelodysplastische Syndrome
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. med. Aristoteles Giagounidis
Publikationsdatum
10.01.2020
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Innere Medizin / Ausgabe 2/2020
Print ISSN: 2731-7080
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7099
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-019-00718-7

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