Background
Methods
Study setting and participants
Sample size
Brief hope intervention
Pre-dialysis education programme
Data collection
Outcome measures
Data analysis
Results
Baseline characteristics
Control (N = 37) | Experimental (N = 35) | Total | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
N % | N % | N % | P | |
Age (mean ± sd) | 65.0 ± 11.0 | 68.4 ± 8.7 | 66.7 ± 11.9 | 0.231c |
Gender | 0.780b | |||
Male | 21 (56.8) | 21 (60.0) | 42 (58.3) | |
Female | 16 (43.2) | 14 (40.0) | 30 (41.7) | |
Marital status | 0.373a | |||
Single | 4 (10.8) | 8 (22.9) | 12 (16.7) | |
Married/cohabiting | 29 (78.4) | 21 (60.0) | 50 (69.4) | |
Separated/divorced | 2 (5.4) | 2 (5.7) | 4 (5.6) | |
Widowed | 2 (5.4) | 4 (11.4) | 6 (8.3) | |
Educational attainment | 0.745a | |||
No formal education | 5 (13.5) | 5 (14.3) | 10 (13.9) | |
Primary | 8 (21.6) | 11 (31.4) | 19 (26.4) | |
Secondary | 22 (59.5) | 18 (51.4) | 40 (55.6) | |
Postsecondary/tertiary | 2 (5.4) | 1 (2.9) | 3 (4.2) | |
No. of diseases | 0.700a | |||
0 | 5 (13.5) | 3 (8.6) | 8 (11.1) | |
1 | 10 (27.0) | 8 (22.9) | 18 (25.0) | |
2 | 13 (35.1) | 12 (34.3) | 25 (34.7) | |
3 | 7 (18.9) | 6 (17.1) | 13 (18.1) | |
4 or more | 2 (5.4) | 6 (17.1) | 8 (11.1) | |
Heart disease | ||||
Yes | 5 (13.5) | 6 (17.1) | 9 (12.5) | |
Hypertension | 0.483b | |||
Yes | 27 (73.0) | 28 (80.0) | 55 (76.4) | |
Diabetes | 0.246b | |||
Yes | 14 (37.8) | 18 (51.4) | 32 (44.4) | |
Cataract | 0.430a | |||
Yes | 5 (13.5) | 2 (5.7) | 7 (9.7) | |
Arthritis | 0.900b | |||
Yes | 8 (21.6) | 8 (22.9) | 16 (22.2) | |
Perceived current quality of life | 0.140a | |||
Very poor | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Poor | 3 (8.1) | 2 (5.7) | 5 (6.9) | |
Neutral | 22 (59.5) | 14 (40.0) | 36 (50.0) | |
Good | 11 (29.7) | 13 (37.1) | 24 (33.3) | |
Very good | 1 (2.7) | 6 (17.1) | 7 (9.7) | |
Perceived current health condition | 0.899a | |||
Very poor | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.9) | 1 (1.4) | |
Poor | 9 (24.3) | 9 (25.7) | 18 (25.0) | |
Neutral | 18 (48.6) | 14 (40.0) | 32 (44.4) | |
Good | 9 (24.3) | 10 (28.6) | 19 (26.4) | |
Very good | 1 (2.7) | 1 (2.9) | 2 (2.8) |
Control (N = 37) | Experimental (N = 35) | Total | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P | ||
State Hope Scale | ||||||||
Total | 29.2 | 8.45 | 29.8 | 9.47 | 29.51 | 8.91 | 0.767 | |
Pathway | 13.7 | 4.91 | 14.3 | 5.48 | 13.99 | 5.17 | 0.601 | |
Agency | 15.5 | 4.85 | 15.5 | 5.07 | 15.52 | 4.92 | 0.991 | |
Decisional Conflict Scale | ||||||||
Total | 49.6 | 18.42 | 44.0 | 20.60 | 46.9 | 19.58 | 0.227 | |
Being informed | 62.6 | 30.97 | 56.4 | 31.77 | 59.6 | 31.30 | 0.406 | |
Values clarity | 65.5 | 32.22 | 52.4 | 29.12 | 59.1 | 31.25 | 0.074 | |
Support | 32.7 | 22.51 | 36.2 | 17.96 | 34.4 | 20.36 | 0.466 | |
Uncertainty | 55.4 | 26.15 | 49.3 | 31.20 | 52.4 | 28.68 | 0.369 | |
Effective decision | 36.5 | 24.09 | 30.2 | 18.28 | 33.4 | 21.55 | 0.217 | |
Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL-36) | ||||||||
Short form health survey (SF-12) | ||||||||
KDQOL-36 (PCS)a | 64.8 | 23.32 | 62.9 | 26.74 | 63.9 | 24.89 | 0.738 | |
KDQOL-36 (MCS)b | 74.3 | 23.90 | 67.9 | 24.98 | 71.2 | 24.48 | 0.266 | |
Burden of kidney disease | 54.2 | 31.39 | 49.5 | 26.79 | 51.9 | 29.14 | 0.492 | |
Symptoms and problems | 90.4 | 15.24 | 84.4 | 15.54 | 87.5 | 15.57 | 0.106 | |
Effects of kidney disease | 87.8 | 15.73 | 85.3 | 15.00 | 86.6 | 15.32 | 0.485 |
State Hope Scale (SHS)
Variables | Adjusted Model# | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | SE | 95% CI | Wald χ2 | P | ||
State Hope Scale—Total | Time | 0.659 | 0.757 | [-0.824, 2.143] | 0.759 | 0.384 |
Group | -1.383 | 2.715 | [-6.703, 3.937] | 0.260 | 0.610 | |
Group*Time | 1.690 | 0.976 | [-0.222, 3.603] | 3.001 | 0.083 | |
Decisional Conflict Scale—Total | Time | -16.911 | 1.419 | [-19.692, -14.131] | 142.126 | < 0.001* |
Group | -10.551 | 5.629 | [-21.584, 0.482] | 3.513 | 0.061 | |
Group*Time | 5.519 | 1.965 | [1.667, 9.370] | 7.885 | 0.005* | |
Decisional Conflict Scale—Being informed | Time | -24.705 | 2.731 | [-30.057, -19.354] | 81.863 | < 0.001* |
Group | -16.551 | 9.735 | [-35.632, 2.530] | 2.890 | 0.089 | |
Group*Time | 9.724 | 3.660 | [2.550, 16.898] | 7.058 | 0.008* | |
Decisional Conflict Scale—Values clarity | Time | -25.039 | 3.143 | [-31.200, -18.878] | 63.452 | 0.000* |
Group | -26.314 | 9.898 | [-45.713, -6.915] | 7.068 | 0.008* | |
Group*Time | 14.237 | 4.072 | [6.256, 22.218] | 12.225 | < 0.001* | |
KDQOL-36 Subscales | ||||||
KDQOL-36—SF12 | ||||||
KDQOL-36 (PCS)a | Time | 1.873 | 2.041 | [-2.127, 5.874] | 0.843 | 0.359 |
Group | -4.677 | 7.828 | [-20.020, 10.666] | 0.357 | 0.550 | |
Group*Time | 3.590 | 3.328 | [-2.934, 10.113] | 1.163 | 0.281 | |
KDQOL-36 (MCS)b | Time | -0.155 | 1.549 | [-2.882, 3.192] | 0.010 | 0.920 |
Group | -12.575 | 7.096 | [-26.483, 1.333] | 3.140 | 0.076 | |
Group*Time | 6.093 | 2.343 | [1.501, 6.763] | 6.763 | 0.009* | |
KDQOL-36—Effects of kidney disease | Time | -1.470 | 1.201 | [-3.823, 0.883] | 1.499 | 0.221 |
Group | -7.111 | 4.148 | [-15.241, 1.020] | 2.938 | 0.087 | |
Group*Time | 4.475 | 1.551 | [1.435, 7.516] | 8.324 | 0.004* |