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24.03.2021 | Multiple Sklerose | Leitthema

Differenzialdiagnostik autoimmun-entzündlicher Rückenmarkserkrankungen

verfasst von: Dr. Frederike C. Oertel, Dr. Michael Scheel, Dr. Claudia Chien, Dr. Antje Bischof, Dr. Carsten Finke, Prof. Dr. Friedemann Paul

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 4/2021

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Zusammenfassung

Die Myelitis ist ein entzündliches Syndrom des Rückenmarks, das zumeist akut oder subakut auftritt. Oft synonym wird der Begriff Myelopathie verwendet, die häufig mit ähnlichen Symptomen auffällt, aber durch eine Vielzahl von nicht primär inflammatorischen Ursachen ausgelöst werden und sich auch chronisch entwickeln kann. In der letzten Dekade hat sich das Spektrum autoimmuner Myelitiden, aber auch das diagnostische Methodenspektrum, stark erweitert. Neben der Multiplen Sklerose als typischer kurzstreckiger Myelitis und den Neuromyelitis-optica-Spektrum-Erkrankungen mit typischer langstreckiger Myelitis sind viele seltenere, aber wichtige Differenzialdiagnosen zu beachten. Die Magnetresonanztomographie sowie die Antikörper- und Liquordiagnostik sind die entscheidenden differenzialdiagnostischen Methoden und legen den Grundstein für eine schnellstmögliche Therapie und bessere Prognose. Dieser Artikel bietet einen Überblick zum Spektrum autoimmuner Rückenmarkserkrankungen und deren Differenzialdiagnostik.

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Titel: Differenzialdiagnostik autoimmun-entzündlicher Rückenmarkserkrankungen
verfasst von: Dr. Frederike C. Oertel
Dr. Michael Scheel
Dr. Claudia Chien
Dr. Antje Bischof
Dr. Carsten Finke
Prof. Dr. Friedemann Paul
Publikationsdatum: 24.03.2021
Verlag: Springer Medizin
Schlagwörter: Multiple Sklerose
Neuromyelitis-optica-Spektrum-Erkrankung
Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 4/2021
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-021-01092-2

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