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Erschienen in: Forum 2/2022

14.02.2022 | Humane Papillomviren | Fokus

Impfprävention HPV-assoziierter Neoplasien

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. med. Ulrike Wieland, Alexander Kreuter

Erschienen in: Forum | Ausgabe 2/2022

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Zusammenfassung

Infektionen mit humanen Papillomviren (HPV) gehören zu den häufigsten Virusinfektionen des Menschen. Neben gutartigen Warzen können HPV auch benigne und maligne Tumoren der Kopf-Hals-Region sowie anogenitale Dysplasien und Karzinome der Zervix, des Anus, der Vagina, der Vulva und des Penis verursachen. Seit dem Jahr 2007 sind effektive und sichere prophylaktische HPV-Impfstoffe in Europa zugelassen. In Deutschland stehen ein bivalenter (HPV16/18) und ein nonavalenter HPV-Impfstoff (HPV6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58) zur Verfügung. Von der ständigen Impfkommission wird aktuell die geschlechtsneutrale prophylaktische HPV-Impfung im Alter von 9 bis 14 Jahren empfohlen, mit der Möglichkeit einer Nachholimpfung bis zum Alter von 17 Jahren. Der nonavalente HPV-Impfstoff kann sowohl einen Großteil HPV-induzierter Dysplasien und Karzinome als auch die meisten Genitalwarzen effektiv verhindern. Auch iatrogen immunsupprimierte Patienten, die älter als 17 Jahre sind, sollten eine prophylaktische HPV-Impfung erhalten, insbesondere bis zum Alter von 26 Jahren. Bei bereits bestehenden HPV-Infektionen bzw. HPV-induzierten Läsionen führen prophylaktische HPV-Impfstoffe nicht zu einer beschleunigten HPV-Elimination bzw. Abheilung. Da die prophylaktische Impfung das Potenzial hat, Genitalwarzen und HPV-bedingte Krebsvorstufen und Karzinome deutlich zu reduzieren bzw. (fast) zu eliminieren, sollten weitere Anstrengungen zur Erhöhung der HPV-Impfraten bei HPV-naiven Mädchen und Jungen in Deutschland unternommen werden.
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Metadaten
Titel
Impfprävention HPV-assoziierter Neoplasien
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. med. Ulrike Wieland
Alexander Kreuter
Publikationsdatum
14.02.2022
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Forum / Ausgabe 2/2022
Print ISSN: 0947-0255
Elektronische ISSN: 2190-9784
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12312-022-01063-x

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