Small-intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NET) account for 25% of digestive NET [ 15 ], but their incidence has increased over the past 40 years [ 6 ]. SI-NET have the particularity of being multiple in 30–56% of cases and are often diagnosed at …

This work conceptualizes encephalic circulation as a dual inlet-single outlet vascular system: characterized by two parallel arterial tandems, namely the pair of Internal Carotid Arteries (ICAs) and the pair of Vertebral Arteries (VAs) that …

The superior thyroid cornu (STC) is a normal anatomic structure that forms part of the thyroid cartilage. Here, we report a patient with unusually elongated and ossified STC that might result in recurrent cerebral embolisms. During a second …

The scapula serves various functions within the body [ 3 , 12 , 14 , 16 , 24 ]. Numerous muscles originate or are inserted on the scapula [ 3 , 16 ]. Both the scapula and these muscles get their blood supply from branches of several arteries …

There are several approaches to accessing the hip joint, including the posterior, direct lateral, anterolateral, and direct anterior approaches. Surgeons can select the appropriate approach based on various factors, including pathological defects …

Anatomical variations are a common feature of the human anatomy. Variation can explain some pathological conditions and is important to keep them in mind during surgical procedures. The relations between nerves and their adjacent arteries have …

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been quickly developing. This technology is now readily available and cheap, anyone can currently buy a 3D-printer and start printing. Hence, while it was long and expensive to manufacture complex 3D objects, it …

The sciatic nerve is the largest human nerve and innervates all the hamstring muscles [ 28 , 32 , 36 ]. It originates at the level of the inner pelvis from an anastomosis of ventral branches of spinal nerves from L5 to S3, consisting of two …

Isolated radial head fractures account for one-third of all elbow fractures, while the radial head and neck fractures together account for 1.7–5.4% of all fractures [ 7 , 16 ]. Although the proximal end of the radius is less common than other …

Awareness of unique path of the superficial branch of the radial nerve and its unusual sensory distribution can help avoid potential diagnostic confusion. We present a unique case encountered during a routine dissection of a Central European male …

Intracranial aneurysms (IAs), affect approximately 3–5% of the population, particularly the individuals between the 4th and 6th decades. The incidence of IA is three times higher in females compared to males. Up to 35% of aneurysm ruptures result …

It is paramount to understand the basis of neurovascular anatomy and this work aims to aid in the task of studying the brain and its nourishment from the ground up; given that, although the brain comprises less than 3% of the body’s weight, it …

The celiac trunk (Ct) is a significant structure that primarily supplies blood flow to the upper part of the gastrointestinal system. In the literature, various variations have been observed concerning the Ct. Branching patterns, origin levels …

The phrenic nerve innervates the respiratory diaphragm, the primary muscle active during ventilation. The canonical path of the phrenic nerve originates from the cervical spine at C3–C5 spinal nerves and travels inferiorly through the neck and …

The integration of ultrasound into orthopedic surgery has been a significant advance, improving the diagnostic and therapeutic landscape in this specialized field [ 11 , 24 , 25 , 36 ]. Ultrasound has also undergone an important use in anatomy …

The lateral ankle ligament complex consists of three ligaments, which are the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL), the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL), and the posterior talofibular ligament. Ankle sprains are one of the most common injuries, with …

The orbicularis oris (OOr) is the main controller of the movements of the lips, and the reflexive and/or voluntary movement vitally important in food intake and the articulation of sound and speech [ 8 , 20 ]. Structurally the OOr is coupled with …

Body donation is the act of voluntarily donating the whole or a part of the body after death for educational and research purposes, within the framework of legal and ethical regulations, for a certain period, or in its entirety. Due to the ongoing …

The normative data of orbital structures measured on computerized tomography (CT) images have been previously presented by some authors in the literature [ 5 , 8 , 12 ]. The superiority of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to CT in the imaging of …

In human anatomy, the significant passages through the root of the greater sphenoidal wing are the foramen rotundum, foramen ovale and foramen spinosum. To these is occasionally added the sphenoidal emissary foramen (SEF, foramen venosum, foramen …