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Erschienen in: Der Gastroenterologe 4/2019

16.05.2019 | Interferone | Schwerpunkt

Verwendung HBV- oder HCV-infizierter Spenderorgane bei der Leber- und Nierentransplantation

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. med. K. Herzer, Prof. Dr. med. U. Eisenberger

Erschienen in: Die Gastroenterologie | Ausgabe 4/2019

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Zusammenfassung

Die limitierte Verfügbarkeit von Organspendern hat die Verwendung von anti-Hepatitis-B-core(HBc)-positiven Organen erforderlich gemacht, mit dem Risiko einer Reaktivierung und akuten Hepatitis-B-Virus(HBV)-Infektion des Empfängers. Allerdings ermöglicht die Verfügbarkeit effizienter prophylaktischer Therapieregime mittlerweile eine breite und sichere Verwendung von anti-HBc-positiven Organen. Der Einsatz auch von Organen von HBV-surface-Antigen(HBsAg)-Trägern oder aktiv HBV-infizierten Spenden wird hingegen als problematisch eingeschätzt und sollte nach individueller Risiko-Nutzen-Abwägung erfolgen. Die Verwendung von Organen Hepatitis-C-Virus(HCV)-virämischer Spender ist noch umstritten, auch wenn durch die Verfügbarkeit von Interferon(IFN)-freien Kombinationen aus „direct-acting antiviral agents“ (DAA) die HCV-Therapie um ein Wesentliches unkomplizierter und nebenwirkungsärmer geworden ist, zudem kombiniert mit Heilungsraten von annähernd 100 %. Daher muss die Verwendung von HCV-positiven/-virämischen Spenderorganen in neuem Licht diskutiert werden, wobei HCV-positiv den serologischen Nachweis einer ausgeheilten HCV-Infektion bezeichnet und HCV-virämisch oder -infiziert eine aktiv replizierende Infektion mit HCV-RNA-Nachweis. Die Einbeziehung HCV-positiver Spenderorgane in die Allokation ist eine interessante Option, den Spenderpool zu erweitern und somit Wartezeiten zur Transplantation und Mortalitätsraten gelisteter Patienten zur reduzieren. Diese Übersicht diskutiert die zur Verfügung stehenden Daten, Herausforderungen und Vorteile hinsichtlich einer erweiterten Verwendung von Organen HBV- und HCV-positiver und -infizierter Spender in der Ära der neuen IFN-freien und hochwirksamen antiviralen Therapien.
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Metadaten
Titel
Verwendung HBV- oder HCV-infizierter Spenderorgane bei der Leber- und Nierentransplantation
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. med. K. Herzer
Prof. Dr. med. U. Eisenberger
Publikationsdatum
16.05.2019

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