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23.11.2021 | Original Article

Photoinactivation of multispecies cariogenic biofilm mediated by aluminum phthalocyanine chloride encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles

verfasst von: Leonardo Lobo Ribeiro Cavalcante, Antonio Claudio Tedesco, Aline Evangelista Souza-Gabriel, Hiago Salge Borges, Fabiana Almeida Curylofo-Zotti, Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona

Erschienen in: Lasers in Medical Science | Ausgabe 3/2022

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Abstract

This study aimed to characterize the aluminum phthalocyanine chloride (AlClPc) encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles (CN) and apply it in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on multispecies biofilm composed of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, and Candida albicans to analyze the antimicrobial activity and lactate production after treatment. Biofilms were formed in 24-well polystyrene plates at 37 °C for 48 h under microaerophilia. The following groups were evaluated (n = 9): as a positive control, 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX); phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as a negative control; 2.5% CN as release vehicle control; the dark toxicity control of the formulations used (AlClPc and AlClPc + CN) was verified in the absence of light; for aPDT, after 30 min incubation time, the photosensitizers at a final concentration of 5.8 × 10^–3 mg/mL were photoirradiated for 1 min by visible light using a LED device (AlClPc + L and AlClPc + CN + L) with 660 nm at the energy density of 100 J/cm². An in vitro kit was used to measure lactate. The biofilm composition and morphology were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial activity was analyzed by quantifying colony forming units per mL (CFU/mL) of each microorganism. Bacterial load between groups was analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (α = 0.05). A lower lactate dosage was observed in the aPDT AlClPc + CN + L and CHX groups compared to the CN and AlClPc groups. The aPDT mediated by the nanoconjugate AlClPc + CN + L showed a significant reduction in the viability of S. mutans (3.18 log10 CFU/mL), L. casei (4.91 log10 CFU/mL), and C. albicans (2.09 log10 CFU/mL) compared to the negative control PBS (p < 0.05). aPDT using isolated AlClPc was similar to PBS to the three microorganisms (p > 0.05). The aPDT mediated by the nanoconjugate AlClPc + CN + L was efficient against the biofilm of S. mutans, L. casei, and C. albicans.

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Titel: Photoinactivation of multispecies cariogenic biofilm mediated by aluminum phthalocyanine chloride encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles
verfasst von: Leonardo Lobo Ribeiro Cavalcante
Antonio Claudio Tedesco
Aline Evangelista Souza-Gabriel
Hiago Salge Borges
Fabiana Almeida Curylofo-Zotti
Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona
Publikationsdatum: 23.11.2021
Verlag: Springer London
Erschienen in: Lasers in Medical Science / Ausgabe 3/2022
Print ISSN: 0268-8921
Elektronische ISSN: 1435-604X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-021-03466-z

Springer Medizin

Abstract

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