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Erschienen in: Die Innere Medizin 12/2021

28.10.2021 | Polyzystische Nierenerkrankung | Schwerpunkt: Was ist gesichert in der Therapie?

Was ist gesichert in der Therapie der autosomal-dominanten polyzystischen Nierenerkrankung?

verfasst von: Dr. Vera Christine Wulfmeyer, Prof. Dr. Roland Schmitt

Erschienen in: Die Innere Medizin | Ausgabe 12/2021

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Zusammenfassung

Die autosomal-dominante polyzystische Nierenerkrankung (Prävalenz 1:400 bis 1:1000) umfasst die zystische Degeneration der Nieren und der Leber sowie eine Reihe seltenerer Manifestationen, unter anderem Aneurysmata der Hirnbasisarterien. Die Nierenbeteiligung führt bei 50 % der PatientInnen bis zum Alter von 70 Jahren zum terminalen Nierenversagen. Der V2-Rezeptor-Antagonist Tolvaptan wurde in Deutschland 2015 zur gezielten progressionshemmenden Therapie bei rasch progredienten Verlaufsformen der Erkrankung zugelassen. Die richtige Auswahl der PatientInnen für eine Tolvaptantherapie stellt eine große Herausforderung dar. Aus Studien ergaben sich in den vergangenen Jahren auch unspezifische Ansätze zur Progressionshemmung: Eine strenge Blutdruckeinstellung hat hierbei einen wichtigen Einfluss. Daneben sollte zur Suppression des antidiuretischen Hormons auf eine ausreichende Trinkmenge sowie auf eine reduzierte Kochsalzzufuhr geachtet werden. Adipösen PatientInnen ist eine Gewichtsreduktion zu empfehlen. Insbesondere mangels kausaler Alternativen sollten diese Maßnahmen bei allen PatientInnen ausgereizt werden. Zahlreiche Substanzen zur gezielten Therapie der Nieren- und Lebermanifestation befinden sich derzeit in präklinischen und klinischen Studien. Hierunter finden sich auch diätetische Ansätze. Im Gegensatz zu anderen genetischen Erkrankungen gibt es zurzeit noch keine gentherapeutischen Therapieversuche, auch nicht in Studien.
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Metadaten
Titel
Was ist gesichert in der Therapie der autosomal-dominanten polyzystischen Nierenerkrankung?
verfasst von
Dr. Vera Christine Wulfmeyer
Prof. Dr. Roland Schmitt
Publikationsdatum
28.10.2021
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Innere Medizin / Ausgabe 12/2021
Print ISSN: 2731-7080
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7099
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-021-01199-3

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