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2013 | Psychosoziales und Diabetes | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

11. Depression und Diabetes mellitus – ein gefährlicher Teufelskreis

verfasst von : Frank Petrak, Prof. Dr. rer. soc., Dipl.-Psych.

Erschienen in: Psychodiabetologie

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Zusammenfassung

Depressive Störungen treten bei Patienten mit Diabetes gehäuft auf und weisen einen bidirektionalen Zusammenhang auf: Nicht nur das nachfolgende Depressionsrisiko ist bei einer Diabeteserkrankung erhöht, sondern auch umgekehrt haben depressive Menschen ein erhöhtes Risiko, im weiteren Verlauf an einem Typ-2-Diabetes zu erkranken. Depressionssymptome sind bei Menschen mit Diabetes mit Hyperglykämie, mikro- und makrovaskulären Komplikationen sowie einer deutlich erhöhten Mortalität assoziiert. Die Betroffenen beklagen eine erheblich verminderte allgemeine und diabetesspezifische Lebensqualität und das eigenständige Management des Diabetes sowie das Befolgen von Therapieempfehlungen ist deutlich erschwert. In der Primärversorgung wird höchstens die Hälfte der depressiven Patienten mit Diabetes als depressiv erkannt und dementsprechend unzureichend behandelt. In den letzten Jahren wurden daher eine Reihe von Screening- und Diagnoseinstrumenten entwickelt, die eine rasche und zuverlässige Depressionsdiagnose ermöglichen und sich durch eine sehr gute Ökonomie auszeichnen. Im Unterschied zu körperlich gesunden depressiven Patienten zielt die Depressionsbehandlung nicht nur auf die psychischen Symptome und Probleme ab, sondern umfasst auch diabetesbezogene medizinische Ziele. Nach dem aktuellen Forschungsstand stellen psychotherapeutische und psychopharmakologische Therapieansätze auch bei Menschen mit Diabetes effektive Möglichkeiten der Depressionstherapie dar. Im Hinblick auf die medizinischen Parameter des Diabetes steht die eindeutige Identifizierung einer geeigneten Behandlung jedoch bis heute aus. Eine Depressionsbehandlung sollte bei Patienten mit Diabetes je nach Schweregrad und Ansprechen auf die Therapie in gestuften Behandlungsschritten erfolgen. Diese beinhalten in der primärärztlichen Versorgung leichterer Depressionen psychoedukative und stützende Gespräche und ein engmaschiges Monitoring. Zur Behandlung ausgeprägterer Schweregrade der Depression sind psychopharmakologische oder psychotherapeutische Interventionen entweder alternativ oder in Kombination geeignet.
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Metadaten
Titel
Depression und Diabetes mellitus – ein gefährlicher Teufelskreis
verfasst von
Frank Petrak, Prof. Dr. rer. soc., Dipl.-Psych.
Copyright-Jahr
2013
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29908-7_11

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