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Erschienen in: Die Ophthalmologie 5/2023

02.05.2023 | Schleimhautpemphigoid | Leitthema

Immunpathogenese des Schleimhautpemphigoids

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. med. Dr. rer. nat. Enno Schmidt, Dr. rer. nat. Sabrina Patzelt

Erschienen in: Die Ophthalmologie | Ausgabe 5/2023

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Zusammenfassung

Ein detailliertes Verständnis der Immunpathogenese des Schleimhautpemphigoids (SHPs) ist von besonderer Bedeutung mit Hinblick auf die zumeist schwierige Diagnostik und Behandlung dieser blasenbildenden Autoimmundermatose. Eine noch unbekannte Störung der körpereigenen Immuntoleranz führt zur Bildung von autoreaktiven Zellen. Diese produzieren im weiteren Verlauf der Erkrankung Autoantikörper, die gegen Strukturproteine der Basalmembranzone (BMZ), gerichtet sind. Nach ihrer Bindung an das Zielantigen, werden Komplementfaktoren an der BMZ abgelagert, und es kommt zur Einwanderung von Entzündungszellen in das darunterliegende Gewebe und zur charakteristischen subepithelialen Blasenbildung. Diese Entzündungsreaktion ist in vielen betroffenen Geweben mit einer Fibrotisierung und Narbenbildung verbunden. Die meisten Phasen der SHP-Pathogenese sind unzureichend erforscht. Die letzten Jahre haben jedoch mehr Licht in die Prozesse bringen können, die an der Immunpathogenese des SHPs beteiligt sind. Diese Fortschritte sind nicht zuletzt auf Tier- und Zellkulturmodelle zurückzuführen. Wichtige klinische und immunpathologische Charakteristika des SHP wie orale und konjunktivale sowie auch Hautläsionen spiegeln sich beispielsweise in einem durch Antikörpertransfer induzierten Mausmodell für Anti-Laminin-332-SHP in erwachsenen Mäusen wider. Dapson – als Erstlinientherapie für SHP-Patienten – konnte die Schwere dieser Symptome signifikant reduzieren, und es zeigten sich auch histologisch Fibrosierungen in Haut und Schleimhaut, wodurch sich dieses Mausmodell wohl für die Testung neuer Therapieansätze für SHP-Patienten gut eignen und bei der weiteren Aufklärung der Immunpathogenese des SHPs behilflich sein könnte.
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Metadaten
Titel
Immunpathogenese des Schleimhautpemphigoids
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. med. Dr. rer. nat. Enno Schmidt
Dr. rer. nat. Sabrina Patzelt
Publikationsdatum
02.05.2023
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Ophthalmologie / Ausgabe 5/2023
Print ISSN: 2731-720X
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7218
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-023-01858-w

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