Background
Objective
Material and methods
Study cohorts
Inclusion/exclusion criteria
Clinical procedure
Postoperative pain management
Pain history
Assessment of postoperative pain and functional limitations
Analgesic consumption
Statistical analysis
Results
Inclusions and exclusions
Patient preoperative characteristics
Total | C1 | C2 | Statistical analysis | |
---|---|---|---|---|
n = 214 | n = 126 | n = 88 | ||
Women (%) | 52 | 41 | 58 | p = 0.013, χ2 = 6.345 |
Men (%) | 48 | 59 | 42 | |
Age (years) | 64.0 ± 12.3 | 63.3 ± 12.4 | 65.1 ± 12 | n.s., Z = −1.015 |
Body mass index (BMI) | 28.0 ± 5.1 | 28.3 ± 5.3 | 27.7 ± 4.8 | n.s., Z = −0.990 |
Duration of hip pain (%) | ||||
1–6 months | 12 | 8 | 15 | n.s., Z = −0.775 |
6–12 months | 15 | 15 | 16 | |
1–2 years | 21 | 21 | 21 | |
2–5 years | 29 | 32 | 24 | |
>5 years | 23 | 22 | 24 | |
Preoperative hip pain intensity (NRS) | ||||
Mean hip pain intensity in the 3 months before admission | 6 (5–7) | 5 (5–7) | 6 (5–7) | n.s., Z = −0.751 |
Hip pain intensity on the day of admission | 5 (3–7) | 5 (2–7) | 6 (3–8) | n.s., Z = −0.186 |
Preoperative opioid consumption (%) | ||||
“Yes” | 16 | 18 | 14 | n.s., χ2 = 0.567 |
Preoperative opioid dosage (%) | ||||
None | 84 | 83 | 86 | n.s., Z = −0.696 |
“As required” | 5 | 6 | 4 | |
Daily dosage <30 mg morphine equivalent | 11 | 11 | 10 |
Postoperative pain intensity and opioid consumption
Pain-related functional outcome and side effects
Total | C1 | C2 | Statistical analysis | C1 women/men | Statistical analysis | C2 women/men | Statistical analysis | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 214 | n = 126 | n = 88 | n = 51/75 | n = 51/37 | ||||
Is pain interfering with your mobility or movement? (“yes”) | 83 | 83 | 83 | n.s., χ2 = 0.006 | 81/84 | n.s., χ2 = 0.665 | 12/24 | n. s., Χ2 = 2.392 |
Are you experiencing pain when you cough or breathe deeply? (“yes”) | 10 | 8 | 13 | n.s., χ2 = 1.219 | 6/9 | n.s., χ2 = 0.495 | 12/14 | n. s., χ2 = 0.060 |
Were you woken up by pain last night? (“yes”) | 38 | 42 | 32 | n.s., χ2 = 2.312 | 41/43 | n.s., χ2 = 0.028 | 29/35 | n. s., χ2 = 0.324 |
Is pain interfering with your mood? (“yes”) | 22 | 25 | 17 | n.s., χ2 = 2.108 | 14/33 | p = 0.013, χ2 = 6.160 | 12/24 | n. s., χ2 = 2.392 |
Would you have liked to have received more pain medication? (“yes”) | 10 | 13 | 7 | n.s., χ2 = 1,942 | 12/13 | n.s., χ2 = 0.067 | 6/8 | n.s, χ2 = 0.167 |
Have you felt very tired since surgery? (“yes”) | 84 | 85 | 82 | n.s., χ2 = 0.365 | 77/91 | p = 0.041, χ2 = 4.778 | 86/76 | n. s., χ2 = 1.619 |
Have you felt nauseous since surgery? (“yes”) | 43 | 45 | 40 | n.s., χ2 = 0.631 | 35/52 | n.s., χ2 = 3.420 | 45/32 | n. s., χ2 = 1.436 |
Have you vomited since surgery? (“yes”) | 25 | 25 | 26 | n.s., χ2 = 0.065 | 20/28 | n.s., χ2 = 1.153 | 31/19 | n. s., χ2 = 1.723 |