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Erschienen in: Die Onkologie 7/2020

14.04.2020 | Brachytherapie | Leitthema

Radiochemotherapie des Zervixkarzinoms

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. med. Simone Marnitz, Till Waltar, Jan Herter

Erschienen in: Die Onkologie | Ausgabe 7/2020

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die primäre kombinierte Radiochemotherapie (RCT) ist Standard bei lokal fortgeschrittenen und/oder nodal positiven Zervixkarzinomen. Die limitierte Genauigkeit bildgebender Verfahren bedingt zu hohe Raten an postoperativer adjuvanter RCT. Diese sog. trimodale Therapie führt zur Verdopplung chronischer therapiebedingter Nebenwirkungen im Vergleich zu RCT allein. Durch chirurgisches Staging vor Therapie kann eine Unter- wie Überbehandlung eher vermieden werden.

Material und Methoden

In einer Literaturrecherche wurden v. a. Publikationen mit Einfluss auf klinische Therapieentscheidungen berücksichtigt.

Ergebnisse

Für optimale Therapieergebnisse muss die RCT aus einer Kombination von perkutaner und Brachytherapie mit einer biologisch äquivalenten Dosis (EQD2Gy, „equivalent dose in 2 Gy“) tumorumschließend von 80–85 Gy bestehen. Die simultane Chemotherapie mit Cisplatin mono besteht aus 5–6 wöchentlichen Gaben von 40 mg/m2 Körperoberfläche (KOF). Eine Therapiedauer von <11, besser nicht mehr als 8 Wochen (56 Tage) hat Einfluss auf die lokale Kontrolle. Die Ergebnisse in erfahrenen Zentren mit mindestens 28 primären RCT/Jahr sind denen mit geringeren Patientenzahlen überlegen. Eine routinemäßige Hysterektomie nach einer lege artis durchgeführten RCT ist nicht indiziert. Dagegen profitieren Patientinnen mit nachgewiesenem positivem Restbefund von einer „Salvage‑/Rescue-Hysterektomie“.

Schlussfolgerung

Die cisplatinbasierte RCT ist die Standardtherapie für lokal fortgeschrittene Zervixkarzinome. Für bestmögliche onkologische Ergebnisse ist die perkutane Strahlentherapie plus Brachytherapie plus simultane Chemotherapie in einer Gesamttherapiedauer von <56 Tagen entscheidend. Diese Therapie sollte in Zentren mit entsprechender Erfahrung multidisziplinärer Teams erfolgen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Radiochemotherapie des Zervixkarzinoms
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. med. Simone Marnitz
Till Waltar
Jan Herter
Publikationsdatum
14.04.2020
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Onkologie / Ausgabe 7/2020
Print ISSN: 2731-7226
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7234
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-020-00758-x

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