Background
Methods
Subjects and study protocol
Statistical analysis
Results
Non-nicorandil group (n = 218) | Nicorandil group (n = 116) |
P-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 71.7 ± 11.6 | 69.8 ± 10.5 | 0.146 |
Male gender (n, %) | 169 (77.5) | 86 (74.1) | 0.488 |
Body mass index (kg/cm2) | 23.7 ± 4.6 | 23.9 ± 4.2 | 0.708 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 132.3 ± 36.1 | 130.8 ± 35.9 | 0.716 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76.2 ± 23.3 | 72.4 ± 21.5 | 0.144 |
Heart rate (bpm) | 82.2 ± 23.8 | 77.5 ± 21.2 | 0.071 |
New York Heart Association class III or IV (n, %) | 5 (2.3) | 3 (2.6) | 0.868 |
LVEF (%) | 43.3 ± 13.6 | 45.6 ± 14.5 | 0.211 |
LMT lesion (n, %) | 9 (4.1) | 10 (8.6) | 0.134 |
3VD (n, %) | 45 (20.6) | 40 (34.5) | 0.008 |
PCI (n, %) | 159 (72.9) | 86 (74.1) | 0.813 |
CABG (n, %) | 27 (12.4) | 42 (36.2) | <0.001 |
Co-morbidity | |||
Hypertension (n, %) | 194 (89.0) | 105 (90.5) | 0.665 |
Diabetes (n, %) | 128 (58.7) | 79 (68.1) | 0.092 |
Dyslipidemia (n, %) | 193 (88.5) | 107 (92.2) | 0.286 |
Atrial fibrillation (n, %) | 64 (29.4) | 27 (23.3) | 0.235 |
Chronic kidney disease (n, %) | 151 (69.3) | 78 (67.2) | 0.704 |
Dialysis (n, %) | 28 (12.8) | 16 (13.8) | 0.865 |
Anemia (n, %) | 141 (64.7) | 78 (67.2) | 0.639 |
Smoking (n, %) | 155 (71.1) | 74 (63.8) | 0.171 |
Medications | |||
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (n, %) | 123 (56.4) | 71 (61.2) | 0.417 |
Angiotensin receptor blockers (n, %) | 67 (30.7) | 36 (31.0) | 1.000 |
Aldosterone antagonists (n, %) | 91 (41.7) | 42 (36.2) | 0.325 |
β-blockers (n, %) | 176 (80.7) | 102 (87.9) | 0.094 |
Calcium channel blockers (n, %) | 94 (43.1) | 47 (40.5) | 0.727 |
Diuretics (n, %) | 153 (70.2) | 79 (68.1) | 0.694 |
Inotropic agents (n, %) | 27 (12.4) | 11 (9.5) | 0.426 |
Anti-platelet agents (n, %) | 186 (85.3) | 113 (97.4) | <0.001 |
Anti-coagulations (n, %) | 97 (44.5) | 50 (43.1) | 0.807 |
Anti-diabetic agents (n, %) | 92 (42.2) | 59 (50.9) | 0.135 |
Statins (n, %) | 132 (60.6) | 88 (75.9) | 0.005 |
Nitrates (n, %) | 44 (20.2) | 34 (29.3) | 0.077 |
Laboratory data | |||
BNP (pg/ml)a
| 306.5 (865.1) | 377.5 (619.8) | 0.374 |
C-reactive protein (mg/dl)a
| 0.32 (1.19) | 0.21 (0.78) | 0.132 |
Total protein (g/dl) | 7.0 ± 0.8 | 7.0 ± 0.7 | 0.816 |
Sodium (mEq/l) | 138.2 ± 4.2 | 138.6 ± 3.5 | 0.492 |
Factor | Subgroup | n | HR | 95% Cl |
P value | Interaction P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 334 | 0.512 | 0.275–0.953 | 0.035 | - | |
Age | ≥75 | 143 | 0.807 | 0.344–1.890 | 0.621 | 0.252 |
<75 | 191 | 0.380 | 0.153–0.942 | 0.037 | ||
Sex | Male | 255 | 0.449 | 0.216–0.932 | 0.032 | 0.403 |
Female | 79 | 0.737 | 0.213–2.547 | 0.629 | ||
LVEF | Reduced | 244 | 0.623 | 0.325–1.192 | 0.153 | 0.405 |
Preserved | 90 | 0.245 | 0.029–2.102 | 0.200 | ||
LMT | Present | 19 | 1.240 | 0.000–3.420 | 0.581 | 0.968 |
Absent | 315 | 0.492 | 0.259–0.934 | 0.030 | ||
3VD | Present | 85 | 0.672 | 0.244–1.849 | 0.441 | 0.482 |
Absent | 249 | 0.425 | 0.188–0.962 | 0.040 | ||
PCI | Present | 245 | 0.556 | 0.272–1.138 | 0.108 | 0.646 |
Absent | 89 | 0.422 | 0.120–1.483 | 0.179 | ||
CABG | Present | 69 | 0.181 | 0.036–0.897 | 0.036 | 0.128 |
Absent | 265 | 0.718 | 0.366–1.409 | 0.336 | ||
Diabetes | Present | 207 | 0.412 | 0.177–0.957 | 0.039 | 0.361 |
Absent | 127 | 0.742 | 0.296–1.858 | 0.523 | ||
CKD | Present | 229 | 0.434 | 0.217–0.871 | 0.019 | 0.206 |
Absent | 105 | 1.252 | 0.280–5.596 | 0.769 | ||
Dialysis | Present | 44 | 0.338 | 0.073–1.568 | 0.166 | 0.595 |
Absent | 290 | 0.557 | 0.282–1.100 | 0.092 | ||
β-blockers | Present | 278 | 0.483 | 0.229–1.022 | 0.057 | 0.469 |
Absent | 56 | 0.830 | 0.273–2.523 | 0.743 | ||
Statins | Present | 220 | 0.720 | 0.324–1.604 | 0.422 | 0.425 |
Absent | 114 | 0.400 | 0.139–1.153 | 0.090 | ||
Anti-platelet agents | Present | 299 | 0.600 | 0.316–1.140 | 0.119 | 0.907 |
Absent | 35 | 0.041 | 0.000–215.058 | 0.464 | ||
Nitrates | Present | 78 | 0.551 | 0.188–1.616 | 0.277 | 0.814 |
Absent | 256 | 0.474 | 0.219–1.027 | 0.058 |