Background
Methods
Data sources
Identification of COP patients and definitions of variables
Ethics statement
Data analysis
Results
Variable | Total N(%) | Female N(%) | Male N(%) |
p-valuea
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Cases | 25,912 (100.0) | 13,111 (50.6) | 12,801 (49.4) | |
Age (years) | 36.0 ± 16.5 | 35.2 ± 16.0 | 36.8 ± 16.9 | <0.001 |
Age group (years) | < 0.001 | |||
< 20 | 3,462(13.4) | 1,853(14.1) | 1,609(12.6) | |
20–35 | 9,657(37.3) | 4,999(38.1) | 4,658(36.4) | |
35–50 | 8,015(30.9) | 4,075(31.1) | 3,940(30.8) | |
50–65 | 3,291(12.7) | 1,552(11.8) | 1,739(13.6) | |
65–80 | 1,081(4.2) | 451(3.4) | 630(4.9) | |
> 80 | 406(1.6) | 181(1.4) | 225(1.8) | |
Seasonb
| < 0.001 | |||
Spring | 6,392(24.7) | 3,201(24.4) | 3,191(24.9) | |
Summer | 4,483(17.3) | 2,052(15.7) | 2,431(19.0) | |
Autumn | 4,899(18.9) | 2,296(17.5) | 2,603(20.3) | |
Winter | 10,138(39.1) | 5,562(42.4) | 4,576(35.8) | |
Residential region | < 0.001 | |||
North | 15,954(61.6) | 8,395(64.0) | 7,559(59.1) | |
Center | 4,123(15.9) | 1,959(14.9) | 2,164(16.9) | |
South | 5,346(20.6) | 2, 535(19.3) | 2,811(22.0) | |
East | 489(1.9) | 222(1.7) | 267(2.1) | |
Monthly incomec,d
| ||||
< 1,007 NTD | 6,635 (25.6) | 3,820 (29.1) | 2,815 (22.0) | < 0.001 |
1,007 NTD − 16,500 NTD | 6,848 (26.4) | 3,039 (23.2) | 3,809 (29.7) | |
16,500 NTD − 21,000 NTD | 5,985 (23.1) | 3,117(23.8) | 2,869 (22.4) | |
> 21,000 NTD | 6,444 (24.9) | 3,135 (23.9) | 3,309 (25.9) | |
Underlying comorbidity | ||||
Alcohol abuse | 950 (3.7) | 265 (2.0) | 685 (5.4) | < 0.001 |
Mental disorder | 8,304 (32.1) | 4,703 (35.9) | 3,601 (28.1) | < 0.001 |
Concomitant condition | ||||
Suicide | 5,274 (20.4) | 2,339 (17.8) | 2,935 (22.9) | < 0.001 |
Drug poisoning | 272 (1.1) | 141 (1.1) | 131 (1.0) | 0.681 |
Burn | 1,118 (4.3) | 431 (3.3) | 687 (5.4) | < 0.001 |
Acute respiratory failure | 1,883 (7.3) | 784 (6.0) | 1,099 (8.6) | < 0.001 |
Acute myocardial injury | 58 (0.2) | 18 (0.1) | 40 (0.3) | 0.003 |
Acute hepatitis | 58 (0.2) | 20 (0.2) | 38 (0.3) | 0.014 |
Acute renal failure | 324 (1.3) | 76 (0.6) | 248 (1.9) | < 0.001 |
Shock | 116 (0.5) | 51 (0.4) | 65 (0.5) | 0.152 |
Variable | Total N (%) | Female N (%) | Male N (%) |
p-valuea
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Cases | 25,912 (100.0) | 13,111 (50.6) | 12,801 (49.4) | |
Treatment | ||||
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy | 0.450 | |||
Yes | 6,279 (24.2) | 3,151 (24.0) | 3,128 (24.4) | |
No | 19,633 (75.8) | 9,960 (76.0) | 9,673 (75.6) | |
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation | 548 (2.1) | 243 (1.9) | 305 (2.4) | 0.003 |
Treatment place | ||||
ED | 18,986 (73.3) | 9,789 (74.7) | 9,197 (71.9) | < 0.001 |
Transfer to hospitalization care | 4,062 (21.4) | 1,901 (19.4) | 2,161 (23.5) | < 0.001 |
Hospitalization care only | 6,926 (26.7) | 3,322 (25.3) | 3,604 (28.2) | |
Length of stay (day) | ||||
ED to hospitalization care, median (IQR)b
| 3 (2–6) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–4) | < 0.001 |
Hospitalization stay, median (IQR)c
| 3 (1–6) | 3 (1–5) | 3 (2–6) | < 0.001 |
Mortality | ||||
Immediate death | 104 (0.4) | 46 (0.4) | 58 (0.5) | 0.193 |
1 month | 407 (1.6) | 168 (1.3) | 239 (1.9) | < 0.001 |
3 months | 1,285 (5.0) | 518 (4.0) | 767 (6.0) | < 0.001 |
6 months | 1,554 (6.0) | 602 (4.6) | 952 (7.4) | < 0.001 |
1 year | 1,838 (7.1) | 690 (5.3) | 1,140 (8.9) | < 0.001 |
2 years | 2,231 (8.6) | 857 (6.5) | 1,374 (10.7) | < 0.001 |
5 years | 2,900 (11.2) | 1,097 (8.4) | 1,803 (14.1) | < 0.001 |
Morbidity | ||||
Neurological sequelae | 2,349 (9.1) | 1,090 (8.3) | 1,259 (9.8) | < 0.001 |
2 weeks | 602 (2.3) | 242 (1.9) | 360 (2.8) | < 0.001 |
6 weeks | 923 (3.6) | 355 (2.7) | 568 (4.4) | < 0.001 |
6 months | 1,209 (4.7) | 482 (3.7) | 727 (5.7) | < 0.001 |
12 months | 1,369 (6.2) | 570 (4.4) | 799 (6.2) | < 0.001 |
Chronic respiratory failure | 1,282 (5.0) | 505 (3.9) | 777 (6.1) | < 0.001 |
Long-term care | 16 (0.1) | 5 (0.04) | 11 (0.1) | 0.122 |
Variable | Carbon monoxide poisoning (number of new cases) | Incidence (per 10,000) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 20 | 20–35 | 35–50 | 50–65 | 65–80 | > 80 | < 20 | 20–35 | 35–50 | 50–65 | 65–80 | > 80 | |
Year | ||||||||||||
1999 | 107 | 104 | 85 | 28 | 20 | 10 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 |
2000 | 100 | 147 | 107 | 44 | 20 | 7 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
2001 | 132 | 239 | 192 | 50 | 31 | 11 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
2002 | 159 | 424 | 353 | 109 | 50 | 13 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
2003 | 204 | 564 | 428 | 106 | 55 | 21 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.6 |
2004 | 245 | 676 | 557 | 170 | 55 | 23 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.6 |
2005 | 392 | 1,111 | 843 | 271 | 107 | 35 | 0.7 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.8 |
2006 | 238 | 885 | 811 | 288 | 80 | 27 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.6 |
2007 | 220 | 809 | 710 | 303 | 86 | 31 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
2008 | 330 | 948 | 811 | 335 | 103 | 52 | 0.6 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 1.0 |
2009 | 301 | 955 | 777 | 336 | 103 | 35 | 0.6 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
2010 | 354 | 982 | 801 | 420 | 123 | 36 | 0.7 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.6 |
2011 | 359 | 866 | 756 | 405 | 123 | 59 | 0.7 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.9 |
2012 | 321 | 947 | 784 | 426 | 125 | 46 | 0.7 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.7 |
Variable | Carbon monoxide poisoning (number of new cases) | Incidence (per 10,000) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
North | Center | South | East | North | Center | South | East | |
Year | ||||||||
1999 | 203 | 56 | 90 | 5 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
2000 | 232 | 78 | 108 | 7 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
2001 | 412 | 99 | 136 | 8 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
2002 | 730 | 146 | 215 | 17 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
2003 | 823 | 232 | 262 | 61 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 1.0 |
2004 | 1,117 | 251 | 320 | 38 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.6 |
2005 | 1,625 | 414 | 662 | 58 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 |
2006 | 1,288 | 381 | 616 | 44 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 |
2007 | 1,298 | 343 | 475 | 43 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
2008 | 1,677 | 334 | 520 | 48 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 |
2009 | 1,550 | 445 | 469 | 43 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
2010 | 1,695 | 460 | 513 | 48 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.8 |
2011 | 1,712 | 379 | 443 | 34 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
2012 | 1,592 | 505 | 517 | 35 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.6 |