Background
Methods
Study samples
Province | Stations | Abbreviations of TTI kits | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
HBV | HCV | HIV | TP | ||
Jilin | CC | ||||
Chongqing | CQ | ||||
Heilongjiang | HLJ | ||||
Hebei | HB | KHB-ELISA | KHB-ELISA | KHB-ELISA | |
Henan | HN | Intec-ELISA | Intec-ELISA | Intec-ELISA | KHB-ELISA |
Shandong | SD, HZ | Livzon-ELISA | Livzon-ELISA | Livzon-ELISA | Intec-ELISA |
Guangdong | SZ | Murex-ELISA | Murex-ELISA | Livzon-ELISA 4th | Livzon-ELISA |
Tianjin | TJ | Ortho-ELISA | Ortho-ELISA | Murex-ELISA 4th | Wantai-ELISA |
Hubei | XY | Wantai-ELISA | Wantai-ELISA | Wantai-ELISA | Murex-ELISA |
Jiangsu | JS | Mérieux-ELISA | Wantai-ELISA 4th | ||
Beijing | TZ | ||||
Liaoning | LN | ||||
Yunnan | YN | ||||
ABBOTT-CLIA | ABBOTT-CLIA | Roche CTM/MPX 2.0 | ABBOTT-CLIA | ||
Roche-ECLIA | Roche-ECLIA | MP Western Blot | Roche-ECLIA | ||
Roche CTM/MPX 2.0 | Roche CTM/MPX 2.0 | Fujirebio-TPPA | |||
Beijing | NCCL | ABBOTT HBsAg Confirmatory Test | Mikrogen RIBA | Mikrogen RIBA-IgG | |
Roche HBsAg Confirmatory Test | Mikrogen RIBA-IgM |
TTI screening and confirmatory algorithms
Statistical analyses
Results
Confirmatory results of plasma samples
Demographic characteristics
Characteristics | HBV | HCV | HIV | Syphilis (TP) | TTIs | Non-reactive for TTIs | Sum |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n=309 | n=162 | n=116 | n=341 | n=928 | n=1048 | n=1976 | |
Age (years old) | |||||||
18–25 | 71 (3.6%) | 48 (2.4%) | 47 (2.4%) | 62 (3.1%) | 228 (11.5%) | 369 (18.7%) | 597 (30.2%) |
26–35 | 90 (4.6%) | 36 (1.8%) | 45 (2.3%) | 103 (5.2%) | 274 (13.9%) | 330 (1.7%) | 307 (15.5%) |
36–45 | 88 (4.5%) | 44 (2.2%) | 17 (0.9%) | 121 (6.1%) | 270 (13.7%) | 226 (11.4%) | 496 (25.1%) |
46–55 | 59 (3.0%) | 33 (1.7%) | 6 (0.3%) | 53 (2.7%) | 151(7.6%) | 117 (5.9%) | 268 (13.6%) |
>55 | 1 (0.1%) | 1 (0.1%) | 1 (0.1%) | 2 (0.1%) | 5 (0.3%) | 6 (0.3%) | 11 (0.6%) |
Gender | |||||||
Female | 87 (4.4%) | 47 (2.4%) | 5 (0.3%) | 153 (7.7%) | 292 (14.8%) | 330 (16.7%) | 622 (31.5%) |
Male | 222 (11.2%) | 115 (5.8%) | 111 (5.6%) | 188 (9.5%) | 636 (32.2%) | 718 (36.3%) | 1354 (68.5%) |
Previous donation history | |||||||
Repeat donor | 9 (0.5%) | 12 (0.6%) | 37 (1.9%) | 48 (2.4%) | 106 (5.4%) | 328 (16.6%) | 434 (22.0%) |
First-time donor | 300 (15.2%) | 150 (7.6%) | 79 (4.0%) | 293 (14.8%) | 822 (41.6%) | 720 (36.4%) | 1542 (78.0%) |
Ethnicity | |||||||
Minority | 13 (0.7%) | 9 (0.5%) | 5 (0.3%) | 29 (1.5%) | 56 (2.8%) | 45 (2.3%) | 101 (5.1%) |
Han | 296 (15.0%) | 153 (7.7%) | 111 (5.6%) | 312 (15.8%) | 872 (44.1%) | 1003 (50.8%) | 1875 (94.9%) |
Marital status | |||||||
Married | 184 (9.3%) | 80 (4.0%) | 42 (2.1%) | 208 (10.5%) | 514 (26.0%) | 559 (28.3%) | 1073 (54.3%) |
Unmarried | 125 (6.3%) | 82 (4.1%) | 74 (3.7%) | 133 (6.7%) | 414 (21.0%) | 489 (24.7%) | 903 (45.7%) |
Occupation | |||||||
Teacher/civil servant/medical worker | 3 (0.2%) | 2 (0.1%) | 2 (0.1%) | 5 (0.3%) | 12 (0.6%) | 46 (2.3%) | 58 (2.9%) |
Farmer | 27 (1.4%) | 12 (0.6%) | 2 (0.1%) | 20 (1.0%) | 61 (3.1%) | 43 (2.2%) | 104 (5.3%) |
Student | 31 (1.6%) | 13 (0.7%) | 16 (0.8%) | 17 (0.9%) | 77 (3.9%) | 119 (6.0%) | 196 (9.9%) |
Worker | 60 (3.0%) | 30 (1.5%) | 36 (1.8%) | 51 (2.6%) | 177 (9.0%) | 155 (7.8%) | 332 (16.8%) |
Company employee | 48 (2.4%) | 20 (1.0%) | 24 (1.2%) | 37 (1.9%) | 129 (6.5%) | 133 (6.7%) | 262 (16.8%) |
Others | 140 (7.1%) | 85 (4.3%) | 36 (1.8%) | 211 (10.7%) | 472 (23.9%) | 552 (27.9%) | 1024 (51.8%) |
Education | |||||||
Masters/Bachelor degree | 54 (2.7%) | 29 (1.5%) | 21 (1.1%) | 48 (2.4%) | 152 (7.7%) | 270 (13.7%) | 422 (21.4%) |
Associate degree | 51 (2.6%) | 27 (1.4%) | 41 (2.1% ) | 47 (2.4%) | 166 (8.4%) | 196 (9.9%) | 362 (18.3%) |
Secondary school or below | 204 (10.3%) | 106 (5.4%) | 54 (2.7%) | 246 (12.4%) | 610 (30.9%) | 582 (29.5%) | 1192 (60.3%) |
Demographic factors associated with TTIs
Demographic factors | TTIs | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Bivariate analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||
OR (95% CI) | p-value | aOR (95% CI) | p-value | |
Age | ||||
>55 (Reference) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
18–25 | 2.690 (0.724–10.000) | 0.140 | 2.616 (0.705–9.713) | 0.151 |
26–35 | 2.874 (1.982–4.167) | <0.001 | 2.799 (1.948–4.023) | <0.001 |
36–45 | 2.611 (1.879–3.627) | <0.001 | 2.562 (1.862–3.525) | <0.001 |
46–55 | 1.802 (1.351–2.404) | <0.001 | 1.813 (1.376–2.389) | <0.001 |
Gender | ||||
Female (Reference) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Male | 0.994 (0.810–1.219) | 0.951 | 1.041 (0.852–1.271) | 0.697 |
Previous donation history | ||||
First-time donor (Reference) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Repeat donor | 0.260 (0.203–0.334) | <0.001 | 0.261 (0.204–0.334) | <0.001 |
Ethnicity | ||||
Han (Reference) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Minority | 1.480 (0.963–2.273) | 0.074 | 1.489 (0.974–2.276) | 0.066 |
Marital status | ||||
Unmarried (Reference) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Married | 0.681 (0.533–0.870) | 0.002 | 0.720 (0.573–0.904) | 0.005 |
Occupation | ||||
Others (Reference) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Teacher/civil servant/medical worker | 0.350 (0.179–0.684) | 0.002 | 0.355 (0.181–0.694) | 0.002 |
Farmer | 1.176 (0.761–1.817) | 0.465 | 1.191 (0.772–1.838) | 0.430 |
Student | 1.119 (0.769–1.628) | 0.556 | 1.000 (0.695–1.438) | 1.000 |
Worker | 1.187 (0.908–1.552) | 0.209 | 1.227 (0.940–1.601) | 0.133 |
Company employee | 1.208 (0.901–1.620) | 0.206 | 1.256 (0.940–1.678) | 0.123 |
Education | ||||
Secondary School or below (Reference) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Masters/Bachelor degree | 0.643 (0.488–0.848) | 0.002 | 0.602 (0.467–0.775) | <0.001 |
Associate degree | 1.007 (0.776–1.307 | 0.957 | 0.992 (0.770–1.277) | 0.947 |
Demographic factors | HBV | HCV | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bivariate analysis | Multivariable analysis | Bivariate analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||||
OR (95% CI) | p-value | aOR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | aOR (95% CI) | p-value | |
Age | ||||||||
>55 (Reference) | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – |
18–25 | 3.279 (0.286–37.613) | 0.340 | 2.989 (0.257–34.717) | 0.381 | 4.096 (0.405–41.425) | 0.232 | 4.455 (0.438–45.266) | 0.207 |
26–35 | 3.735 (2.182–6.393) | <0.001 | 3.500 (2.093–5.855) | <0.001 | 3.650 (1.936–6.881) | <0.001 | 3.818 (2.061–7.072) | <0.001 |
36–45 | 2.719 (1.660–4.453) | <0.001 | 2.638 (1.647–4.227) | <0.001 | 2.362 (1.321–4.222) | 0.004 | 2.564 (1.465–4.486) | 0.001 |
46–55 | 1.877 (1.202–2.931) | 0.006 | 1.868 (1.232–2.834) | 0.003 | 1.224 (0.713–2.102) | 0.464 | 1.302 (0.777–2.180) | 0.316 |
Gender | ||||||||
Female (Reference) | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Male | 1.126 (0.832–1.525) | 0.442 | 1.126 (0.836–1.517) | 0.433 | 1.135 (0.776–1.660) | 0.513 | 1.131 (0.777–1.647) | 0.521 |
Previous donation history | ||||||||
First-time donor (Reference) | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Repeat donor | 0.057 (0.029–0.113) | <0.001 | 0.057 (0.029–0.133) | <0.001 | 0.162 (0.088–0.300) | <0.001 | 0.159 (0.087–0.294) | <0.001 |
Ethnicity | ||||||||
Han (Reference) | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Minority | 0.892 (0.453–1.755) | 0.741 | 0.961 (0.493–1.873) | 0.907 | 1.336 (0.617–2.891) | 0.463 | 1.338 (0.624–2.869) | 0.455 |
Marital status | ||||||||
Unmarried (Reference) | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Married | 0.945 (0.660–1.354) | 0.758 | 0.933 (0.670–1.299) | 0.681 | 0.551 (0.351–0.866) | 0.010 | 0.515 (0.338–0.785) | 0.002 |
Occupation | ||||||||
Others (Reference) | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Teacher/civil servant/medical worker | 0.276 (0.082–0.934) | 0.039 | 0.276 (0.082–0.932) | 0.038 | 0.348 (0.081–1.493) | 0.155 | 0.343 (0.080–1.471) | 0.150 |
Farmer | 1.720 (0.976–3.032) | 0.061 | 1.748 (0.993–3.078) | 0.053 | 1.388 (0.672–2.867) | 0.375 | 1.377 (0.672–2.824) | 0.382 |
Student | 1.793 (1.037–3.098) | 0.036 | 1.634 (0.966–2.764) | 0.067 | 0.835 (0.405–1.723) | 0.626 | 0.869 (0.430–1.756) | 0.695 |
Worker | 1.375 (0.934–2.025) | 0.106 | 1.417 (0.965–2.080) | 0.075 | 1.042 (0.639–1.698) | 0.870 | 1.030 (0.633–1.674) | 0.906 |
Company employee | 1.677 (1.101–2.555) | 0.016 | 1.743 (1.150–2.640) | 0.009 | 1.021 (0.587–1.775) | 0.942 | 1.012 (0.586–1.750) | 0.965 |
Education | ||||||||
Secondary School or below (Reference) | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Masters/Bachelor degree | 0.727 (0.481–1.098) | 0.129 | 0.705 (0.487–1.023) | 0.066 | 0.717 (0.428–1.201) | 0.206 | 0.645 (0.402–1.035) | 0.069 |
Associate degree | 0.988 (0.668–1.462) | 0.952 | 1.004 (0.689–1.464) | 0.983 | 0.989 (0.606–1.615) | 0.966 | 0.931 (0.577–1.502) | 0.769 |
Demographic factors | HIV | Syphilis (TP) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bivariate analysis | Multivariable analysis | Bivariate analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||||
OR (95% CI) | p-value | aOR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | aOR (95% CI) | p-value | |
Age | ||||||||
>55 (Reference) | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – |
18–25 | 2.680 (0.284–25.336) | 0.390 | 1.625 (0.176–14.989) | 0.668 | 3.843 (0.648–22.804) | 0.138 | 3.879 (0.645–23.334) | 0.139 |
26–35 | 0.853 (0.311–2.341) | 0.757 | 0.749 (0.281–1.999) | 0.564 | 3.714 (2.174–6.344) | <0.001 | 3.784 (2.245–6.377) | <0.001 |
36–45 | 1.044 (0.504–2.165) | 0.907 | 0.870 (0.429–1.763) | 0.698 | 4.479 (2.798–7.171) | <0.001 | 4.576 (2.905–7.208) | <0.001 |
46–55 | 1.329 (0.774–2.280) | 0.302 | 1.316 (0.791–2.187) | 0.290 | 2.647 (1.721–4.072) | <0.001 | 2.652 (1.757–4.002) | <0.001 |
Gender | ||||||||
Female (Reference) | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Male | 9.652 (3.863–24.115) | <0.001 | 10.393 (4.193–25.762) | <0.001 | 0.532 (0.406–0.697) | <0.001 | 0.565 (0.434–0.736) | <0.001 |
Previous donation history | ||||||||
First-time donor (Reference) | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Repeat donor | 1.056 (0.677–1.646) | 0.811 | 1.149 (0.749–1.762) | 0.525 | 0.309 (0.219–0.437) | <0.001 | 0.306 (0.216–0.432) | <0.001 |
Ethnicity | ||||||||
Han (Reference) | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Minority | 1.146 (0.421–3.116) | 0.790 | 0.906 (0.342–2.401) | 0.843 | 2.406 (1.421–4.072) | 0.001 | 2.309 (1.378–3.868) | 0.001 |
Marital status | ||||||||
Unmarried (Reference) | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Married | 0.528 (0.315–0.884) | 0.015 | 0.499 (0.300–0.830) | 0.007 | 0.623 (0.443–0.876) | 0.006 | 0.764 (0.554–1.053) | 0.100 |
Occupation | ||||||||
Others (Reference) | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Teacher/civil servant/medical worker | 0.598 (0.135–2.641) | 0.497 | 0.608 (0.139–2.661) | 0.509 | 0.357 (0.135–0.941) | 0.037 | 0.362 (0.138–0.950) | 0.039 |
Farmer | 0.653 (0.148–2.888) | 0.575 | 0.635 (0.145–2.788) | 0.547 | 0.793 (0.436–1.443) | 0.448 | 0.838 (0.462–1.521) | 0.562 |
Student | 2.587 (1.203–5.567) | 0.015 | 1.878 (0.909–3.882) | 0.089 | 0.653 (0.351–1.214) | 0.178 | 0.532 (0.293–0.968) | 0.039 |
Worker | 2.598 (1.539–4.374) | <0.001 | 2.718 (1.624–4.550) | <0.001 | 0.795 (0.540–1.170) | 0.245 | 0.831 (0.568–1.216) | 0.340 |
Company employee | 2.325 (1.301–4.155) | 0.004 | 2.535 (1.439–4.465) | 0.001 | 0.788 (0.513–1.210) | 0.275 | 0.799 (0.522–1.221) | 0.299 |
Education | ||||||||
Secondary School or below (Reference) | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Masters/Bachelor degree | 0.657 (0.350–1.232) | 0.190 | 0.667 (0.381–1.169) | 0.157 | 0.596 (0.398–0.892) | 0.012 | 0.520 (0.358–0.756) | 0.001 |
Associate degree | 1.884 (1.168–3.037) | 0.009 | 1.977 (1.245–3.139) | 0.004 | 0.738 (0.506–1.077) | 0.115 | 0.723 (0.499–1.047) | 0.086 |