Background
Methods
Study area
Study design and sample selection procedure
Sample size calculation
Data collectors and data collection procedure
Variables | Definition |
---|---|
Operational definition (categories) | |
Education | Level of education the participants had at the time of the study (1= Can’t read and write; 2= Can read and write, but haven’t had formal schooling; 3= Primary education, from grade 1 to grade 8; 4= Secondary education, grade 9 and 10; 5= Above secondary includes college preparatory (grade 11 and 12), technical and vocational and university.) |
Occupation | The main income generating activity. (1= No job, participant who is not taking part in income generating activities and not attending classes for those >18 years old; 2= House wife, only if engaged in domestic chores activities) |
Owning land for agriculture | Permanent or temporary land ownership status at the time of the study. |
Perceived geographic access | Participants perception of the distance between his/her residence and the nearest health facility. |
Statistical analysis
Results
Participant profile
Variable | Presumptive TB cases No (%) |
---|---|
Age (yrs) | |
15- 25 | 345 (35.1) |
26-35 | 209 (21.3) |
36-45 | 178 (18.1) |
46-55 | 124 (12.6) |
>56 | 127 (12.9) |
Median agea
| 36.3+ 16.7 |
Sex | |
Male | 374(38.0) |
Female | 607(61.7) |
TB suggestive symptoms | |
Cough of more than 14 days | 671(68.3) |
Night sweat | 754(76.4) |
Fever> 2 weeks | 665(67.7) |
Weight loss>3kgs in 4 weeks | 581(59.1) |
Contact history with a confirmed TB case in the past 1 year | 207(21.1) |
Factors associated with patient delay
Variables | Cases(n=358) No (%) | Controls(n=358) No (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | ||||
15-24 | 103(28.9) | 81(22.4) | 1 | 1 |
25-34 | 85(23.8) | 76(21.3) | 0.86(0.56,1.32) | 0.81(0.44,1.47) |
35-44 | 78(21.8) | 72(20.2) | 0.83(0.54,1.29) | 0.53(0.28,1.01) |
45-54* | 39(10.9) | 72(20.2) | 0.42(0.26,0.68) | 0.31(0.15,0.61) |
55-64 | 26(7.3) | 31(8.7) | 0.65(0.36,1.17) | 0.88(0.39,1.99) |
>65 | 26(7.3) | 26(7.3) | 0.77(0.42,1.43) | 0.71(0.29,1.69) |
Sex | ||||
Male | 135(37.7) | 145(40.5) | 1 | |
Female | 223(62.3) | 213(59.5) | 1.13(0.84,1.53) | |
Education | ||||
Illiterate | 189(52.8) | 184(51.4) | 1 | |
Read and write | 52(14.5) | 65(18.2) | 0.78(0.51,1.18) | |
Primary | 82(22.9) | 73(20.4) | 1.09(0.75,1.59) | |
Secondary | 27(7.5) | 29(8.1) | 0.91(0.52,1.59) | |
Above secondary | 8(2.2) | 7(2.0) | 1.11(0.39,3.13) | |
Marital status | ||||
Never married | 77(21.5) | 65(18.3) | 1 | |
Married | 254(70.9) | 264(74.4) | 0.81(0.56,1.18) | |
Widowed | 27(7.5) | 26(7.3) | 0.88(0.47,1.65) | |
Household size | ||||
< 5 | 147(41.3) | 166(47.3) | 1 | |
> 5 | 209(58.7) | 185(52.7) | 1.28(0.95,1.72) | |
No of rooms | ||||
<2 | 281(78.5) | 281(78.5) | 1 | |
> 2 | 77(21.5) | 77(21.5) | 1.00(0.70,1.43) | |
Owning radio | ||||
Yes | 119(33.3) | 142(39.9) | 1 | |
No | 238(66.7) | 214(60.1) | 1.33(0.98,1.80) | |
Land ownership | ||||
Yes | 300(83.8) | 289(81.0) | 1 | |
No | 58(16.2) | 68(19.0) | 0.82(0.56,1.21) | |
Perceived geographic access | ||||
Near | 155(43.3) | 108(30.2) | 1 | |
Far* | 203(56.7) | 250(69.8) | 0.57(0.42,0.77) | |
Mode of transportation | ||||
Traditional or modern | 17(4.8) | 49(13.7) | 1 | 1 |
On foot* | 337(95.2) | 309(86.3) | 3.14(1.77,5.58) | 2.62(1.25,5.49) |
Previous TB treatment | ||||
Yes | 28(8.0) | 197(55.3) | 1 | 1 |
No* | 324(92.0) | 159(44.7) | 14.34(9.24,22.23) | 16.16(9.94,26.26) |
Ever tested for HIV | ||||
Yes | 144(40.2) | 174(48.6) | 1 | |
No | 214(59.8) | 184(51.4) | 1.41(1.05,1.89) |