Background
Methods
Participants
Praeventis
Online panel
Questionnaire
Measure | Item | Answer options | Scale (minimum to maximum value) | Number of items | Cronbach’s alpha (α) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Knowledge about the HPV vaccinationa
| ־ HPV is sexually transmittable; | −1 = incorrect | −8 = incorrect | 8 | n/a | |
־ HPV is a virus; | 0 = don’t know | 8 = correct | ||||
־ The HPV vaccination in the Netherlands consists of three injections; | 1 = correct | |||||
־ My daughter is/I am obliged to get the HPV vaccination when she is/I am invited; | ||||||
־ You will always notice when you are infected by HPV; | ||||||
־ Only women can get infected by HPV; | ||||||
־ Women who received the HPV vaccination are still advised to participate in the cervical cancer screening in the Netherlands; | ||||||
־ The HPV vaccination fully protects against cervical cancer. | ||||||
Risk perception (having received no HPV vaccination) | Imagine that your daughter was/you were not vaccinated against HPV. The chance that my daughter will get/I will get cervical cancer is… | −3 = very small to 3 = very large | n/a | 1 | n/a | |
Risk perception (having received the HPV vaccination) | Imagine that your daughter was/you were vaccinated against HPV. The chance that my daughter will get/I will get cervical cancer is… | −3 = very small to 3 = very large | n/a | 1 | n/a | |
Attitude towards the HPV vaccination | Vaccinating my daughter/myself against HPV is… | −3 = very undesirable to 3 = very desirable; | −12 = negative to 12 = positive | 4 | M = .98 | [31] |
D = .94 | ||||||
−3 = very bad to 3 = very good; | ||||||
−3 = very negative to 3 = very positive; | ||||||
−3 = very unimportant to 3 = very important | ||||||
Negative outcome expectations of the HPV vaccination | If my daughter gets/I get the HPV vaccination… | −3 = completely agree to 3 = completely disagree | −15 = completely agree to 15 = completely disagree | 5 | M = .60 | |
D = .49 | ||||||
־ she/I will become infertile; | ||||||
־ she/I will get unpleasant side effects shortly after the injection, such as head ache, fever or pain at the injection spot; | ||||||
־ she/I will be afraid of the injection with a needle; | ||||||
־ she/I will have unsafe sex in the future; | ||||||
־ her/my natural immune system against illnesses will be disturbed. | ||||||
Positive outcome expectations of the HPV vaccination | If my daughter gets/I get the HPV vaccination… | −3 = completely disagree to 3 = completely agree | −9 = completely disagree to 9 = completely agree | 3 | M = .76 | |
D = .77 | ||||||
־ she/I will not contract cervical cancer; | ||||||
־ she/I will not have to worry about cervical cancer; | ||||||
־ she/I will not be infected with HPV. | ||||||
Anticipated regret about rejecting the HPV vaccination | Imagine your daughter has not received the HPV vaccination and she gets cervical cancer in the future. How much would you regret your decision to let her receive no vaccination? | 1 = no regret and 5 = very much regret | n/a | 1 | n/a | |
Anticipated regret about receiving the HPV vaccination | Imagine your daughter has received the HPV vaccination and she gets a serious illness as a result of the vaccine. How much would you regret your decision to let her receive the vaccination? | 1 = no regret and 5 = very much regret | n/a | 1 | n/a | |
Beliefs about the HPV vaccination | ־ If the government offers the vaccination, I assume it will be safe; | −3 = completely disagree to 3 = completely agree | −18 = negative to 18 = positive | 9 | M = .80 | |
D = .70 | ||||||
־ Our government shows responsibility for the health of the Dutch population by introducing the HPV vaccination; | −3 = completely agree to 3 = completely disagree | |||||
־ The HPV vaccination was only introduced because the pharmaceutical industry will earn a lot of money from it; | ||||||
־ There is too little known about whether | ||||||
the HPV vaccination effectively protects against cervical cancer; | ||||||
־ There is too little known about the detrimental side effects of the HPV vaccination; | ||||||
־ My daughter is/I am too young to receive the HPV vaccination; | ||||||
־ My daughter does/I do not need to get the HPV vaccination if she is/I am already sexually active; | ||||||
־ My daughter does/I do not need the vaccination because she is/I am not yet sexually active; | ||||||
־ It is inappropriate that my daughter has/I have to pay for the HPV vaccination if she decides/I decide to get the vaccination at a higher age. | ||||||
Relative effectiveness of the HPV vaccinationb
| How would you rate the effectiveness of the following methods of preventing cervical cancer: | 1 = not at all effective to 10 = very effective | n/a | 5 | n/a | |
־ having safe sex | ||||||
־ having sex with only one person in a lifetime | ||||||
־ participating in the cervical cancer screening | ||||||
־ having a healthy lifestyle (e.g. not smoking) | ||||||
־ the HPV vaccination | ||||||
Participants rated the effectiveness of each method | ||||||
Ambivalence towards the HPV vaccination decision | During my decision making about my daughter’s/my HPV vaccination… | −3 = completely disagree to 3 = completely agree | −9 = completely disagree to 9 = completely agree | 3 | M = .93 | |
D = .85 | ||||||
־ I felt torn between the pros and cons of vaccination; | ||||||
־ I experienced positive as well as negative feelings; | ||||||
־ I was torn between the pros and cons of vaccination. | ||||||
Confidence in authorities involved in the HPV vaccination | As regards the HPV vaccination, how much confidence do you have in… | −3 = very little to 3 = very much confidence | −9 = very little to 9 = very much confidence | 3 | M = .91 | |
D = .88 | ||||||
־ science | ||||||
־ health care | ||||||
־ the Ministry of Public Health | ||||||
Participants rated their confidence in each authority | ||||||
Subjective norms towards the HPV vaccinationc
|
Normative beliefs
| −2 = certainly not vaccinating to 2 = certainly vaccinating, | −70 =negative to 70 = positive (M); | M = 7 | M = .85 | [31] |
What is your expectation on the opinion of … about the HPV vaccination of your daughter? | D = 6 | D = .77 | ||||
3 = not applicable; | −60 =negative to 60 = positive (D) | |||||
Not applicable was recoded into ‘0’ | ||||||
Social referents: partner (M), parents (M), daughter (M), father (D), mother (D), best friends (M/D), general practitioner (M/D), doctor/nurse from the municipal health service (M/D), the Ministry of Public Health (M/D) | ||||||
Motivation to comply
| 1 = not at all to 5 = very much | M = 7 | [31] | |||
How motivated are you to comply with the opinion of …? | D = 6 | |||||
Descriptive norms towards the HPV vaccination | How many parents/girls do you know who will decide to let their daughter/themselves be vaccinated against HPV if they receive the invitation? | 1 = none of the parents/girls I know, to 7 = all the parents/girls I know | n/a | 1 | n/a | [31] |
Self-efficacy expectations towards the HPV vaccination | To what extent would you succeed in dealing with the following situations: | −3 = I would certainly not succeed to 3 = I would certainly succeed | −18 = I would certainly not succeed to 18 = I would certainly succeed | 6 | M = .82 | |
D = .66 | ||||||
־ Finding reliable information about the HPV vaccination; | ||||||
־ Understanding information about the HPV vaccination; | ||||||
־ Making a different decision about the HPV vaccination of my daughter/myself than most parents/girls among my acquaintances; | ||||||
־ Having a good talk with my daughter about the HPV vaccination (M); | ||||||
־ Having a good talk with my partner about the HPV vaccination (M); | ||||||
־ Having a good talk with my father about the HPV vaccination (D); | ||||||
־ Having a good talk with my mother about the HPV vaccination (D); | ||||||
־ Having a good talk with my general practitioner about the HPV vaccination. | ||||||
HPV vaccination information processing | Before I finally decided about my (daughter’s) vaccination, I… | −6 = completely disagree to 6 = completely agree | 2 | M = .84 | [31] | |
D = .75 | ||||||
־ gathered a lot of information about the HPV vaccine | ||||||
־ thoroughly considered the HPV vaccination | −3 = completely disagree to 3 = completely agree | |||||
Participants rated their agreement on both items separately | ||||||
Habit strength towards the HPV vaccination | Letting my daughter receive the HPV vaccination/Receiving the HPV vaccination is something I do… | −3 = completely disagree to 3 = completely agree | −6 = completely disagree to 6 = completely agree | 2 | M = .78 | [35] |
D = .65 | ||||||
־ automatically | ||||||
־ without thinking | ||||||
Participants rated their agreement on both items separately | ||||||
Decisional conflict about the HPV vaccination - value clarity | As regards the HPV vaccination… | −3 = completely disagree to 3 = completely agree | −9 = completely disagree to 9 = completely agree | 3 | M = .89 | [36] |
־ I was clear about which benefits were most important to me; | D = .85 | |||||
־ I was clear about which risks were most important to me; | ||||||
־ I was clear about which was more important to me, the benefits or the risks. | ||||||
Decisional conflict about the HPV vaccination - certainty | As regards the HPV vaccination… | −3 = completely disagree to 3 = completely agree | −9 = completely disagree to 9 = completely agree | 3 | M = .89 | [36] |
D = .87 | ||||||
־ I felt sure about what to choose; | ||||||
־ the decision was relatively easy to make; | ||||||
־ I was clear about the best choice for me/my daughter. | ||||||
Opinion about alternative medicine | In what way do you agree with the view of… | −3 = completely disagree to 3 = completely agree | −9 = completely disagree to 9 = completely agree | 3 | M = .81 | |
־ anthroposophy | D = .76 | |||||
־ homeopathy | ||||||
־ other alternative medicine | ||||||
Past cancer experienced
| Have you/has your mother had experience with… | 1 = no, 2 = yes, 3 = I do not want to answer this question | n/a | 6 | n/a | |
Do you know someone from your close environment who has/has had… | ||||||
־ cervical cancer | ||||||
־ other cancers | ||||||
־ abnormal pap smear |
Vaccination intention
Vaccination uptake
Social-psychological factors
Socio-demographic factors
Data analyses
Results
Sample
Sample description
Variables | Mothers | Daughters | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Praeventis (n=441) | Panel (n=511) | Total (n=952) | Praeventis (n=399) | Panel (n=243) | Total (n=642) | |
Age | 43.81 ± 4.74 | 43.01 ± 4.48 | 43.38 ± 4.62* | 13.52 ± 0.51 | 13.50 ± 0.51 | 13.51 ± 0.51 |
Educational level mother | Nmissing = 2 | Nmissing = 2* | - | - | - | |
Low | 24% | 27% | 26% | |||
Intermediate | 39% | 49% | 44% | |||
High | 37% | 24% | 30% | |||
Educational level parents | - | - | - | Nmissing = 19 | Nmissing = 19 | Nmissing = 38* |
Low | 26% | 17% | 22% | |||
Intermediate | 34% | 26% | 31% | |||
High | 40% | 57% | 46% | |||
Educational level daughter | - | - | - | n=238 | n=637* | |
Low | 43% | 84% | 58% | |||
Intermediate | 57% | 16% | 42% | |||
Country of birth mother | Nmissing = 1 | Nmissing = 3 | Nmissing = 4* | Nmissing = 10 | Nmissing = 20 | Nmissing = 30* |
The Netherlands | 77% | 97% | 88% | 63% | 96% | 75% |
Surinam/Antilles | 8% | 1% | 4% | 11% | 1% | 7% |
Turkey/Morocco | 10% | 0% | 5% | 21% | 0% | 13% |
Other | 5% | 2% | 3% | 5% | 3% | 4% |
Country of birth daughter | - | - | - | * | ||
The Netherlands | 90% | 98% | 93% | |||
Surinam/Antilles | 3% | 0% | 2% | |||
Turkey/Morocco | 4% | 0% | 2% | |||
Other | 3% | 2% | 3% | |||
Religion | Nmissing = 2 | Nmissing = 1 | Nmissing = 3* | * | ||
Protestant | 18% | 29% | 24% | 15% | 22% | 18% |
Number of HPV injections2
| 1.42 ± 1.45 | 1.59 ± 1.42 | 1.51 ± 1.44 | 1.47 ± 1.46 | 1.72 ± 1.44 | 1.56 ± 1.46 |
None | 50% | 43% | 46% | 49% | 40% | 46% |
One | 1% | 1% | 1% | 1% | 1% | 1% |
Two | 6% | 10% | 8% | 5% | 6% | 5% |
Three | 43% | 46% | 45% | 45% | 53% | 48% |
Three HPV injections received (self-reported) | 45% | 46% | 45% | 49% | 53% | 51% |
HPV vaccination intention | 0.57 ± 2.07 | 0.57 ± 2.20 | 0.57 ± 2.14 | 0.43 ± 1.98 | 0.61 ± 2.03 | 0.50 ± 2.00 |
Certainly not | 12% | 14% | 13% | 11% | 10% | 11% |
Not | 8% | 12% | 10% | 9% | 10% | 9% |
Probably not | 12% | 9% | 11% | 13% | 11% | 12% |
Probably not/yes | 11% | 7% | 9% | 15% | 14% | 15% |
Probably yes | 14% | 10% | 12% | 16% | 12% | 14% |
Yes | 19% | 22% | 20% | 17% | 18% | 17% |
Certainly yes | 24% | 26% | 25% | 20% | 25% | 22% |
Socio-demographic factors
Vaccination intention
Vaccination uptake
Differences between participants recruited via Praeventis and the online panel
Relationship between determinants and the HPV vaccination intention
Univariate tests
Variables | Univariate simple regression analysis among 75% of the mothers (n = 732) | Multivariate backward regression analysis among 75% of the mothers (n = 727) | Multivariate backward regression analysis among 25% of the mothers (n = 219) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (standard deviation) or percentage | Association1
| Beta (standard error) | Standardized Beta | Beta (standard error) | Standardized Beta | |
HPV vaccination uptake
| .48** | 0.48 (0.10) | .11** | 0.57 (0.19) | .13* | |
Has not received three HPV-injections (reference) | 54% | |||||
Has received three HPV-injections | 46% | |||||
Sample
| .00 | −0.01 (0.07) | 0.00 | 0.15 (0.14) | .04 | |
Praeventis (reference) | 47% | |||||
Online panel | 53% | |||||
Socio-demographic variables
| ||||||
Age | 43.51 (4.54) | .00 | −0.01 (0.01) | -.02 | 0.00 (0.01) | .01 |
Highest completed level of education mother | .00 | |||||
Low (reference) | 25% | |||||
Intermediate | 45% | 0.08 (0.08) | .02 | −0.02 (0.17) | -.00 | |
High | 30% | 0.13 (0.09) | .03 | 0.27 (0.18) | .06 | |
Country of birth mother | .00 | |||||
The Netherlands (reference) | 88% | |||||
Surinam/Antilles | 4% | −0.22 (0.18) | -.02 | 0.42 (0.32) | .04 | |
Turkey/Morocco | 4% | −0.51 (0.18) | -.05* | 0.18 (0.32) | .02 | |
Other | 3% | −0.30 (0.18) | -.03 | 0.10 (0.41) | .01 | |
Protestant religion | .02** | |||||
No (reference) | 77% | |||||
Yes | 23% | −0.08 (0.08) | -.02 | −0.05 (0.15) | -.01 | |
Social psychological variables
| ||||||
Knowledge about the HPV vaccination | 4.82 (2.42) | .00 | ||||
Risk perception (having received no HPV vaccination) | −0.61 (1.21) | .20** | ||||
Risk perception (having received the HPV vaccination) | −1.22 (1.09) | .01 | ||||
Attitude towards the HPV vaccination | 2.78 (6.93) | .76** | 0.12 (0.01) | .39** | 0.13 (0.02) | .42** |
Negative outcome expectations of the HPV vaccination | 7.24 (4.56) | .14** | ||||
Positive outcome expectations of the HPV vaccination | −3.44 (3.86) | .10** | ||||
Anticipated regret about rejecting the HPV vaccination | 3.27 (1.44) | .46** | 0.20 (0.03) | .13** | ||
Anticipated regret about receiving the vaccination | 3.38 (1.39) | .06** | −0.08 (0.03) | -.05* | ||
Beliefs about the HPV vaccination | 1.42 (9.92) | .60** | 0.03 (0.01) | .14** | 0.03 (0.01) | .12* |
Relative effectiveness of the HPV vaccination | −0.61 (1.20) | .54** | ||||
Ambivalence towards the HPV vaccination decision | 0.36 (5.30) | .01* | ||||
Confidence in authorities involved in the HPV vaccination | 1.60 (3.49) | .42** | ||||
Subjective norms towards the HPV vaccination | 16.81 (23.57) | .67** | 0.02 (0.00) | .19** | 0.02 (0.01) | .20** |
Descriptive norms towards the HPV vaccination | 4.53 (1.34) | .15** | ||||
Self-efficacy expectations towards the HPV vaccination | 11.87 (4.66) | .01 | ||||
HPV vaccination information processing | 3.79 (2.40) | .06** | ||||
Habit strength towards the HPV vaccination | −0.81 (3.64) | .41** | 0.07 (0.02) | .11** | 0.12 (0.03) | .19** |
Decisional conflict about the HPV vaccination – value clarity | 3.03 (4.29) | .00 | ||||
Decisional conflict about the HPV vaccination – certainty | 2.00 (4.69) | .02** | −0.05 (.01) | -.10** | −0.07 (0.02) | -.15** |
Opinion about alternative medicine | −0.43 (2.37) | .02* | ||||
Past experience of the mother with cervical cancer | .00 | |||||
No (reference) | 98% | |||||
Yes | 2% | |||||
Past experience of the mother with other cancer forms | .00 | |||||
No (reference) | 97% | |||||
Yes | 3% | |||||
Past experience of the mother with abnormal pap smear | .00 | |||||
No (reference) | 87% | |||||
Yes | 13% | |||||
Past experience of someone from the close environment with cervical cancer | .00 | |||||
No (reference) | 67% | |||||
Yes | 33% | |||||
Past experience of someone from the close environment with other cancer forms | .00 | |||||
No (reference) | 10% | |||||
Yes | 90% | |||||
Past experience of someone from the close environment with abnormal pap smear | 0.00 | |||||
No (reference) | 50% | |||||
Yes | 50% | |||||
Model fit for multivariate models
| ||||||
R2 of HPV vaccination uptake | .47 | .48 | ||||
R2 change of HPV vaccination uptake | .47 | .48 | ||||
F change of HPV vaccination uptake | 653.97** | 198.23** | ||||
R2 of HPV vaccination uptake + sample | .47 | .48 | ||||
R2 change of HPV vaccination uptake + sample | .00 | .00 | ||||
F change of HPV vaccination uptake + sample | 0.04 | 0.36 | ||||
R2 of HPV vaccination uptake + sample + socio-demographic variables | .49 | .50 | ||||
R2 change of HPV vaccination uptake + sample + socio-demographic variables | .01 | .02 | ||||
F change of HPV vaccination uptake + sample + socio-demographic variables | 2.82* | 1.37 | ||||
R2 of HPV vaccination uptake + sample + socio-demographic + social-psychological variables | .84 | .81 | ||||
R2 change of HPV vaccination uptake + sample + socio-demographic + social-psychological variables | .35 | .31 | ||||
F change of HPV vaccination uptake + sample + socio-demographic + social-psychological variables | 218.92** | 66.04** |
Variables | Univariate simple regression analysis among 75% of the daughters (n = 482) | Multivariate backward regression analysis among 75% of the daughters (n = 452) | Multivariate backward regression analysis among 25% of the daughters (n = 147) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (standard deviation) or percentage | Association1
| Beta (standard error) | Standardized Beta | Beta (standard error) | Standardized Beta | |
HPV vaccination uptake | .35** | 0.36 (0.14) | .09* | 0.92 (0.25) | .23** | |
Has not received three HPV-injections (reference) | 52 | |||||
Has received three HPV-injections | 48 | |||||
Sample
| .00 | 0.15 (0.13) | .04 | 0.11 (0.23) | .03 | |
Praeventis (reference) | 64 | |||||
Online panel | 36 | |||||
Socio-demographic variables
| ||||||
Age | 13.51 (0.51) | .00 | ||||
Educational level daughter | .00 | |||||
Low (reference) | 59% | |||||
Intermediate | 41% | 0.22 (0.12) | .06 | −0.11 (0.21) | -.03 | |
Highest completed level of education of parents | .00 | |||||
Low (reference) | 22% | |||||
Intermediate | 32% | 0.08 (0.15) | .02 | 0.18 (0.24) | .04 | |
High | 46% | 0.04 (0.15) | .01 | 0.31 (0.23) | .08 | |
Country of birth mother | .00 | |||||
The Netherlands (reference) | 74% | |||||
Surinam/Antilles | 7% | 0.05 (0.24) | .01 | 0.08 (0.41) | .01 | |
Turkey/Morocco | 15% | −0.09 (0.19) | -.02 | 0.25 (0.34) | .04 | |
Other | 4% | 0.08 (0.26) | .01 | −1.18 (0.45) | -.13 | |
Country of birth daughter | .00 | |||||
The Netherlands (reference) | 92% | |||||
Surinam/Antilles | 2% | −0.74 (0.43) | -.05 | −0.03 (0.59) | −0.00 | |
Turkey/Morocco | 3% | 0.21 (0.33) | .02 | - | - | |
Other | 3% | 0.35 (0.33) | .03 | 1.62 (0.56) | .13* | |
Protestant religion | .02* | |||||
No (reference) | 82% | |||||
Yes | 19% | 0.02 (0.13) | .00 | −0.15 (0.23) | -.03 | |
Social psychological variables
| ||||||
Knowledge about the HPV vaccination | 3.59 (2.41) | .00 | ||||
Risk perception (having received no HPV vaccination) | −0.61 (1.39) | .23** | 0.19 (0.04) | .13** | ||
Risk perception (having received the HPV vaccination) | −1.49 (1.22) | .00 | ||||
Attitude towards the HPV vaccination | 2.43 (6.02) | .62** | 0.12 (0.01) | .37** | 0.14 (0.03) | .39** |
Negative outcome expectations of the HPV vaccination | 5.66 (4.71) | .09** | ||||
Positive outcome expectations of the HPV vaccination | −1.02 (4.17) | .10** | ||||
Anticipated regret about rejecting the HPV vaccination | 3.24 (1.43) | .27** | 0.24 (0.08) | .17* | ||
Anticipated regret about receiving the vaccination | 3.11 (1.52) | .09** | ||||
Beliefs about the HPV vaccination | 2.11 (8.31) | .47** | 0.05 (0.01) | .21** | ||
Relative effectiveness of the HPV vaccination | −2.45 (2.61) | .36** | ||||
Ambivalence towards the HPV vaccination decision | −0.11 (4.64) | .00 | ||||
Confidence in authorities involved in the HPV vaccination | 1.46 (3.49) | .29** | ||||
Subjective norms towards the HPV vaccination | 13.87 (18.60) | .46** | 0.02 (0.00) | .15** | 0.03 (0.01) | .23* |
Descriptive norms towards the HPV vaccination | 4.51 (1.42) | .11** | ||||
Self-efficacy expectations towards the HPV vaccination | 1.43 (4.70) | .06** | ||||
HPV vaccination information processing | 1.00 (3.16) | .03** | ||||
Habit strength towards the HPV vaccination | −0.28 (3.02) | .32** | 0.08 (0.02) | .12** | ||
Decisional conflict about the HPV vaccination – value clarity | 1.92 (3.99) | .02* | ||||
Decisional conflict about the HPV vaccination – certainty | 2.06 (4.12) | .01 | ||||
Opinion about alternative medicine | −0.28 (1.65) | .00 | ||||
Past experience of the mother with cervical cancer | .00 | |||||
No (reference) | 98% | |||||
Yes | 2% | |||||
Past experience of the mother with other cancer forms | .00 | |||||
No (reference) | 96% | |||||
Yes | 4% | |||||
Past experience of the mother with abnormal pap smear | .00 | |||||
No (reference) | 92% | |||||
Yes | 8% | |||||
Past experience of someone from the close environment with cervical cancer | .00 | |||||
No (reference) | 87% | |||||
Yes | 13% | |||||
Past experience of someone from the close environment with other cancer forms | .00 | |||||
No (reference) | 22% | |||||
Yes | 78% | |||||
Past experience of someone from the close environment with abnormal pap smear | .01 | |||||
No (reference) | 86% | |||||
Yes | 14% | |||||
Model fit for multivariate models
| ||||||
R2 of HPV vaccination uptake | .36 | .49 | ||||
R2 change of HPV vaccination uptake | .36 | .49 | ||||
F change of HPV vaccination uptake | 257.28** | 137.34** | ||||
R2 of HPV vaccination uptake + sample | .36 | .49 | ||||
R2 change of HPV vaccination uptake + sample | .00 | .00 | ||||
F change of HPV vaccination uptake + sample | 0.16 | 0.58 | ||||
R2 of HPV vaccination uptake + sample + socio-demographic variables | .38 | .54 | ||||
R2 change of HPV vaccination uptake + sample + socio-demographic variables | .02 | .05 | ||||
F change of HPV vaccination uptake + sample + socio-demographic variables | 1.41 | 1.54 | ||||
R2 of HPV vaccination uptake + sample + socio-demographic + social-psychological variables | .73 | .77 | ||||
R2 change of HPV vaccination uptake + sample + socio-demographic + social-psychological variables | .34 | .24 | ||||
F change of HPV vaccination uptake + sample + socio-demographic + social-psychological variables | 109.17** | 45.91** |