Background
Methods
Patients
Study design
Statistical analysis
Results
Patient characteristics
Cohort 1, N = 368 | Cohort 2, N = 118 |
P-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Male | 151 (41.0) | 45 (38.1) | 0.592 |
Age, years | 72 ± 10 | 70 ± 10 | 0.019 |
Smoking history | 0.264 | ||
Current | 20 (5.4) | 4 (3.4) | |
Past | 224 (60.9) | 76 (64.4) | |
Never | 114 (31.0) | 38 (32.2) | |
Unknown | 10 (2.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
Comorbidity | |||
Respiratory diseases | 110 (29.9) | 41 (34.7) | 0.361 |
Old pulmonary tuberculosis | 31 (8.4) | 24 (20.3) | 0.001 |
Emphysema | 40 (10.9) | 14 (11.9) | 0.739 |
Interstitial pneumonia | 29 (7.9) | 6 (5.1) | 0.413 |
Lung cancer | 31 (8.4) | 6 (5.1) | 0.318 |
Asthma | 12 (3.3) | 6 (5.1) | 0.402 |
Bronchiectasis | 20 (5.4) | 5 (4.2) | 0.811 |
Systemic diseases | |||
Chronic heart diseases | 45 (12.2) | 18 (15.3) | 0.431 |
Diabetes mellitus | 40 (10.9) | 10 (8.5) | 0.492 |
Collagen vascular diseases | 27 (7.3) | 13 (11.0) | 0.247 |
Malignancya
| 86 (23.4) | 27 (22.9) | 0.999 |
Chronic liver diseases | 8 (2.2) | 6 (5.1) | 0.115 |
Neurological diseases | 33 (9.0) | 12 (10.2) | 0.716 |
Chronic renal diseases | 7 (1.9) | 9 (7.6) | 0.005 |
Steroid use | 14 (3.8) | 7 (6.0) | 0.306 |
Immunosuppressant useb
| 19 (5.2) | 5 (4.3) | 0.811 |
BMI, kg/m2
| 19.6 ± 3.4 | 20.3 ± 3.2 | 0.090 |
BT, °C | 36.7 ± 0.6 | 36.7 ± 0.9 | 0.735 |
Laboratory findings | |||
Lymphocytes,/μL | 1400 ± 680 | 1300 ± 480 | 0.014 |
Hb, g/dL | 12.4 ± 1.8 | 13 ± 1.6 | 0.001 |
Alb, g/dL | 3.9 ± 0.6 | 4.2 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
CRP, mg/dL | 1.7 ± 3.5 | 3.7 ± 7.4 | <0.001 |
Cre, mg/dL | 0.79 ± 0.73 | 0.9 ± 0.99 | 0.206 |
Diagnosis methods | <0.001 | ||
Sputum | 263 (71.5) | 115 (97.5) | |
Bronchoscopy | 105 (28.5) | 3 (2.5) | |
Bacteriological examinations | |||
Smear positive | 64 (17.4) | 38 (32.2) | 0.001 |
Culture ≥2+ | 74 (20.1) | NE | |
Macrolide resistant | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | NE |
Radiological findings | 0.337 | ||
NB | 298 (81.0) | 101 (85.6) | |
FC | 41 (11.1) | 14 (11.9) | |
FC/NB | 6 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
Otherc
| 35 (9.5) | 3 (2.5) | |
Deaths | 75 (20.5) | 20 (16.9) | 0.505 |
Causes of death | 0.864 | ||
MAC-specific death | 29 (38.7) | 9 (45.0) | |
Malignancy | 20 (26.7) | 4 (20.0) | |
Other | 20 (26.7) | 5 (25.0) | |
Unknown | 6 (0.1) | 1 (5.0) |
First-line treatment
Cohort 1 | Cohort 2 | |
---|---|---|
Patients who received treatments | 169 (100.0) | 66 (100.0) |
CAM + EB + RFP | 134 (79.3) | 39 (59.1) |
CAM + RFP | 30 (17.8) | 6 (9.1) |
CAM + EB + RFP + SM | 2 (1.2) | 2 (3.0) |
CAM + EB | 1 (0.6) | 6 (9.1) |
CAM + RFP + NQ | 1 (0.6) | 5 (7.6) |
CAM + EB + NQ | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.0) |
CAM + EB + RFP + NQ | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.0) |
Other regimens | 1(0.6) | 4 (6.1) |
Prognostic analyses for OS
Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | HR | 95% CI |
P-value | HR | 95% CI |
P-value |
Male | 3.98 | 2.44 − 6.45 | <0.001 | 3.16 | 1.88 − 5.31 | <0.001 |
Age ≥ 70 years | 3.54 | 1.98 − 6.33 | <0.001 | 2.15 | 1.18 − 3.93 | 0.012 |
Ever-smokers | 3.41 | 2.12 − 5.46 | <0.001 | |||
Respiratory diseases | 3.76 | 2.38 − 5.95 | <0.001 | |||
Diabetes mellitus | 2.50 | 1.45 − 4.30 | <0.001 | |||
Malignancya
| 3.25 | 2.05 − 5.14 | <0.001 | 1.98 | 1.23 − 3.18 | 0.005 |
Neurological diseases | 2.13 | 1.15 − 4.30 | <0.001 | |||
Chronic renal diseases | 2.92 | 0.92 − 9.29 | 0.07 | |||
BMI <18.5 kg/m2
| 2.34 | 1.48 − 3.71 | <0.001 | 2.12 | 1.29 − 3.48 | 0.003 |
Lymphocytes <1000/μL | 4.30 | 2.73 − 6.77 | <0.001 | 2.36 | 1.47 − 3.78 | <0.001 |
Hb <10.0 g/dL | 2.30 | 1.21 − 4.36 | 0.011 | |||
Alb <3.5 g/dL | 6.66 | 4.19 − 10.6 | <0.001 | 3.93 | 2.42 − 6.40 | <0.001 |
CRP ≥1.0 mg/dL | 4.28 | 2.71 − 6.76 | <0.001 | |||
FC pattern | 2.87 | 1.65 − 5.00 | <0.001 | 1.96 | 1.10 − 3.52 | 0.024 |
Prognostic scoring model composed of significant negative prognostic factors
Variables | Prognostic scoring model 1 | Prognostic scoring model 2 |
---|---|---|
Male | 1 point | 3 points |
Age ≥ 70 years | 1 point | 2 points |
Malignancya
| 1 point | 2 points |
BMI <18.5 kg/m2
| 1 point | 2 points |
Lymphocytes <1000/μL | 1 point | 2 points |
Alb <3.5 g/dL | 1 point | 4 points |
FC pattern | 1 point | 2 points |
Total scores | ||
Risk groups | Prognostic scoring model 1 | |
Low-risk | 0 − 1 point | |
Intermediate-risk | 2 − 3 points | |
High-risk | ≥4 points |