Background
Methods
Participants
Data collection
Instruments
Index development
Statistical analyses
Results
Parameter | Steel industry | Petrochemical industry | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Range | Mean | Standard deviation | Range | Mean | Standard deviation | |
Dry temperature (degree of centigrade) | 21.97–43.60 | 33.58 | 5.21 | 24.10–48.20 | 36.26 | 6.61 |
Wet temperature (degree of centigrade) | 12.10–24.17 | 17.63 | 2.04 | 13.97–37.57 | 27.43 | 6.26 |
Globe temperature (degree of centigrade) | 23.40–62.43 | 39.01 | 9.63 | 24.10–57.23 | 40.97 | 9.80 |
Relative humidity (%) | 9.01–39.31 | 19.60 | 9.92 | 14.82–79.11 | 52.09 | 17.71 |
Variable | Range | Mean | Standard deviation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics parameters | Age (years) | 22–55 | 36.62 | 8.24 |
Weight (kg) | 55.70–123.00 | 80.52 | 14.91 | |
Height (m) | 1.61–1.90 | 1.76 | 0.06 | |
Body mass index (kilogram per square meter) | 19.23–34.94 | 26.06 | 4.07 | |
Physical activity (hours per week) | 0–12 | 2.14 | 2.47 | |
Work experience (year) | 1–40 | 12.72 | 7.85 | |
Fundamental factors | Dry temperature (degree of centigrade) | 21.97–48.20 | 24.78 | 6.01 |
Wet temperature (degree of centigrade) | 12.10–37.57 | 22.01 | 6.60 | |
Globe temperature (degree of centigrade) | 23.40–62.43 | 39.89 | 9.73 | |
Air velocity (meter per second) | 0–4.20 | 0.58 | 0.39 | |
Total metabolism (watts) | 130–490 | 248.47 | 103.70 | |
Clothing thermal resistance (clo) | 0.50–1.35 | 0.83 | 0.14 | |
Physiological parameters | Resting tympanic temperature (degree of centigrade) | 36.7–37.4 | 37.01 | 0.15 |
Working tympanic temperature (degree of centigrade) | 36.7–39.1 | 37.7 | 0.56 | |
Resting heart rate (beat/min) | 64.00–94.00 | 76.14 | 5.99 | |
Working heart rate (beat/min) | 70.00–189.00 | 121.00 | 28.45 |
Variables | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dry temperature | – | ||||||
Wet temperature | 0.626** | – | |||||
Globe temperature | 0.907** | 0.511** | – | ||||
Air velocity | 0.296** | 0.152* | 0.347** | – | |||
Total metabolism | 0.318** | 0.131 | 0.332** | 0.082 | – | ||
Clothing thermal insulation | 0.454** | 0.054 | 0.530** | 0.135 | 0.321** | – | |
Tympanic temperature | 0.751** | 0.685** | 0.766** | 0.258** | 0.509** | 0.388** | – |
Variables | Direct effect | Indirect effect | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Dry temperature | 0.939 | 0.752 | P < 0.001 |
Wet temperature | 0.857 | 0.686 | P < 0.001 |
Globe temperature | 0.966 | 0.774 | P < 0.001 |
Air velocity | 0.305 | 0.244 | P < 0.001 |
Total metabolism | 0.613 | 0.491 | P < 0.001 |
Clothing thermal insulation | 0.483 | 0.387 | P < 0.001 |
Thermal strain | 0.801 | – | P < 0.001 |
Indices | Name | Fitness | Obtained value |
---|---|---|---|
Absolute fitness indices | Goodness-of-fit index (GFI) | > 0.9 | 0.991 |
Adjusted goodness-of-fit index (AGFI) | > 0.9 | 0.947 | |
Comparative fitness indices | Normed fit index (NFI) | > 0.9 | 0.992 |
Comparative fit index (CFI) | > 0.9 | 0.998 | |
Incremental fit index (IFI) | 0–1 | 0.998 | |
Normed fit index | Root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA) | < 0.1 | 0.043 |
Normed Chi-square (X2/df) | 1–3 | 1.364 | |
P value | > 0.05 | 0.234 |
Risk level | Equivalent score of EHSRA index |
---|---|
Low | Less than 12.02 |
Moderate | 12.02 to 15.87 |
High | 15.88 to 17.56 |
Very high | More than 17.56 |