Background
Methods
Patient population and data processing
Statistical analysis
Results
Study population characteristics
Characteristics | Trainingcohort before imputation | Training cohort after imputation | Validation cohort before imputation | Validation cohort after imputation |
P
| ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N
| % |
N
| % |
N
| % |
N
| % | ||
Age | 0.302 | ||||||||
Median (range) | 48 (26–88) | 48 (26–88) | 46 (20–87) | 46 (20–87) | |||||
≤35 | 35 | 11.8 | 35 | 11.8 | 25 | 13.1 | 25 | 13.1 | |
36–50 | 138 | 46.6 | 138 | 46.6 | 100 | 52.4 | 100 | 52.4 | |
>50 | 123 | 41.6 | 123 | 41.6 | 66 | 34.6 | 66 | 34.6 | |
Marital status | |||||||||
Married | 281 | 94.9 | 281 | 94.9 | |||||
Unmarried | 15 | 5.1 | 15 | 5.1 | |||||
Family history of breast cancer | |||||||||
Yes | 34 | 11.5 | 34 | 11.5 | |||||
No | 262 | 88.5 | 262 | 88.5 | |||||
Menopausal status | |||||||||
Premenopausal | 174 | 58.8 | 174 | 58.8 | |||||
Postmenopausal | 122 | 41.2 | 122 | 41.2 | |||||
Histology | 0.329 | ||||||||
Ductal | 274 | 92.6 | 274 | 92.6 | 172 | 90.1 | 172 | 90.1 | |
Lobular/other | 22 | 7.4 | 22 | 7.4 | 19 | 9.9 | 19 | 9.9 | |
Grade | 0.890 | ||||||||
I | 11 | 3.7 | 15 | 5.1 | 11 | 5.8 | 11 | 5.8 | |
II | 49 | 16.6 | 54 | 18.2 | 37 | 19.4 | 37 | 19.4 | |
III | 181 | 61.1 | 227 | 75.0 | 143 | 74.9 | 143 | 74.9 | |
Unknown | 55 | 18.6 | 0 | 0.0 | |||||
Tumor size | 0.414 | ||||||||
≤2 cm | 152 | 51.4 | 152 | 51.4 | 98 | 51.3 | 98 | 51.3 | |
2-5 cm | 120 | 40.5 | 120 | 40.5 | 71 | 37.2 | 71 | 37.2 | |
>5 cm | 24 | 8.1 | 24 | 8.1 | 22 | 11.5 | 22 | 11.5 | |
Node status | 0.630 | ||||||||
N0 | 172 | 58.1 | 172 | 58.1 | 108 | 56.5 | 108 | 56.5 | |
N1 | 73 | 24.7 | 73 | 24.7 | 54 | 28.3 | 54 | 28.3 | |
N2 + N3 | 51 | 17.2 | 51 | 17.2 | 29 | 15.2 | 29 | 15.2 | |
Stage | 0.958 | ||||||||
I | 97 | 32.8 | 97 | 32.8 | 65 | 34.0 | 65 | 34.0 | |
II | 141 | 47.6 | 141 | 47.6 | 89 | 46.6 | 89 | 46.6 | |
III | 58 | 19.6 | 58 | 19.6 | 37 | 19.4 | 37 | 19.4 | |
Ki67 index | 0.150 | ||||||||
<40% | 111 | 37.5 | 126 | 42.6 | 86 | 45.0 | 94 | 49.2 | |
≥40% | 139 | 47.0 | 170 | 57.4 | 92 | 48.2 | 97 | 50.8 | |
Unknown | 46 | 15.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 13 | 6.8 | 0 | 0.0 | |
sTIL group (%) | 0.146 | ||||||||
0–9 | 61 | 20.6 | 61 | 20.6 | 25 | 13.1 | 25 | 13.1 | |
10–19 | 79 | 26.7 | 79 | 26.7 | 62 | 32.5 | 62 | 32.5 | |
20–49 | 85 | 28.7 | 85 | 28.7 | 60 | 31.4 | 60 | 31.4 | |
≥50 | 71 | 24.0 | 71 | 24.0 | 44 | 23.0 | 44 | 23.0 | |
Surgery type | |||||||||
Mastectomy | 135 | 45.6 | 135 | 45.6 | |||||
Lumpectomy | 161 | 54.4 | 161 | 54.4 | |||||
Radiotherapy | |||||||||
Yes | 197 | 66.6 | 197 | 66.6 | |||||
No | 99 | 33.4 | 99 | 33.4 | |||||
Chemotherapy type | |||||||||
Neoadjuvant | 62a | 20.9 | 62a | 20.9 | 34b | 17.8 | 34b | 17.8 | 0.515 |
Adjuvant | 222 | 75.0 | 222 | 75.0 | 146 | 76.4 | 146 | 76.4 | |
No chemotherapy | 12 | 4.1 | 12 | 4.1 | 11 | 5.8 | 11 | 5.8 | |
Chemotherapy regimen | |||||||||
anthracycline-based | 70 | 24.6 | 70 | 24.6 | 44 | 24.4 | 44 | 24.4 | 0.622 |
taxane-based | 72 | 25.4 | 72 | 25.4 | 39 | 21.7 | 39 | 21.7 | |
anthracycline& taxane -based | 142 | 50.0 | 142 | 50.0 | 97 | 53.9 | 97 | 53.9 |
Prognostic nomogram for DFS
Univariable an- alysis P | Multivariable analysis | Selected factors for building the nomogram | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | HR | 95% CI |
P
| HR | 95% CI |
P
| |
Grade | 0.024 | ||||||
I | Ref | ||||||
II | 0.889 | 0.108-7.308 | 0.913 | ||||
III | 1.477 | 0.193-11.297 | 0.707 | ||||
Tumor size | <0.001 | ||||||
≤2cm | Ref | Ref | |||||
2-5cm | 2.010 | 1.168-3.456 | 0.012 | 1.912 | 1.156-3.163 | 0.012 | |
>5cm | 3.481 | 1.578-7.675 | 0.002 | 3.319 | 1.526-7.217 | 0.002 | |
Node status | <0.001 | ||||||
N0 | Ref | Ref | |||||
N1 | 1.464 | 0.789-2.716 | 0.227 | 1.628 | 0.933-2.843 | 0.086 | |
N2+N3 | 3.613 | 2.043-6.390 | <0.001 | 3.784 | 2.173-6.589 | <0.001 | |
Ki67 index | 0.018 | ||||||
<40% | Ref | Ref | |||||
≥40% | 1.977 | 1.179-3.314 | 0.010 | 2.166 | 1.310-3.583 | 0.003 | |
sTIL group (%) | 0.002 | ||||||
0-9 | Ref | Ref | |||||
10-19 | 0.436 | 0.238-0.801 | 0.007 | 0.432 | 0.240-0.778 | 0.005 | |
20-49 | 0.383 | 0.200-0.734 | 0.004 | 0.390 | 0.207-0.734 | 0.004 | |
≥50 | 0.305 | 0.148-0.631 | 0.001 | 0.308 | 0.154-0.616 | 0.001 | |
Surgery type | 0.247 | ||||||
Mastectomy | |||||||
Lumpectomy | |||||||
Radiotherapy | 0.144 | ||||||
Yes | |||||||
No | |||||||
Age | 0.886 | ||||||
≤35 | |||||||
36-50 | |||||||
>50 | |||||||
Marital status | 0.753 | ||||||
Married | |||||||
Unmarried | |||||||
Family history of breast cancer | 0.785 | ||||||
Yes | |||||||
No | |||||||
Menopausal status | 0.911 | ||||||
Premenopausal | |||||||
Postmenopausal | |||||||
Histology | 0.655 | ||||||
Ductal | |||||||
Lobular/other | |||||||
Chemotherapy type | 0.134 | ||||||
Neoadjuvant | |||||||
Adjuvant | |||||||
No chemotherapy | |||||||
Chemotherapy regimen | 0.0019 | ||||||
anthracycline-based | Ref | ||||||
taxane-based | 1.239 | 0.667-2.300 | 0.497 | ||||
anthracycline& taxane -based | 0.791 | 0.444-1.409 | 0.426 |
Prognostic nomogram for OS
Univariable an- alysis P | Multivariable analysis | Selected factors for building the nomogram | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | HR | 95% CI |
P
| HR | 95% CI |
P
| |
Grade | 0.032 | ||||||
I | Ref | ||||||
II | 0.151 | 0.014–1.605 | 0.117 | ||||
III | 0.461 | 0.055–3.876 | 0.476 | ||||
Tumor size | <0.001 | ||||||
≤2 cm | Ref | Ref | |||||
2-5 cm | 3.226 | 1.541–6.755 | 0.002 | 2.981 | 1.516–5.864 | 0.002 | |
>5 cm | 4.704 | 1.587–13.939 | 0.005 | 4.916 | 1.705–14.174 | 0.003 | |
Node status | <0.001 | ||||||
N0 | Ref | Ref | |||||
N1 | 2.121 | 0.941–4.778 | 0.070 | 2.183 | 1.050–4.559 | 0.037 | |
N2 + N3 | 4.545 | 2.086–9.902 | <0.001 | 4.900 | 2.328–10.312 | <0.001 | |
Ki67 index | 0.018 | ||||||
<40% | Ref | Ref | |||||
≥40% | 2.778 | 1.339–5.763 | 0.006 | 2.906 | 1.440–5.863 | 0.003 | |
sTIL group (%) | 0.025 | ||||||
0–9 | Ref | Ref | |||||
10–19 | 0.578 | 0.269–1.240 | 0.159 | 0.523 | 0.252–1.085 | 0.082 | |
20–49 | 0.272 | 0.108–0.686 | 0.006 | 0.320 | 0.134–0.767 | 0.011 | |
≥50 | 0.217 | 0.075–0.629 | 0.005 | 0.230 | 0.082–0.645 | 0.005 | |
Surgery type | 0.198 | ||||||
Mastectomy | |||||||
Lumpectomy | |||||||
Radiotherapy | 0.315 | ||||||
Yes | |||||||
No | |||||||
Age | 0.392 | ||||||
≤35 | |||||||
36–50 | |||||||
>50 | |||||||
Marital status | 0.588 | ||||||
Married | |||||||
Unmarried | |||||||
Family history of breast cancer | 0.274 | ||||||
Yes | |||||||
No | |||||||
Menopausal status | 0.107 | ||||||
Premenopausal | |||||||
Postmenopausal | |||||||
Histology | 0.224 | ||||||
Ductal | |||||||
Lobular/other | |||||||
Chemotherapy type | 0.374 | ||||||
Neoadjuvant | |||||||
Adjuvant | |||||||
No chemotherapy | |||||||
Chemotherapy regimen | 0.046 | ||||||
anthracycline-based | Ref | ||||||
taxane-based | 1.551 | 0.682–3.528 | 0.296 | ||||
anthracycline& taxane -based | 0.781 | 0.371–1.643 | 0.514 |