Background
Methods
Developing the tool
Validity
Setting and study participants
Statistical analysis
Results
Reliability and construct validity check
Descriptive statistics
Bivariate analysis
Variable | n | Functional literacy (range: 0–5) | Basic health knowledge (range:0–4) | Communicative literacy (range:0–4) | Interactive literacy (range:0–3) | Advanced health knowledge (range:0–5) | Critical literacy (range:0–3) | Patient safety (range:0–2) | Total score | Median score (IQR) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | ||||||||||
Male | 240 | 3.92 (1.21) | 3.58 (0.78) | 3.10 (1.22) | 2.62 (0.64) | 3.10 (1.39) | 1.74 (0.77) | 1.78 (0.43) | 19.83 (4.62) | 21 (17, 23) |
Female | 228 | 3.99 (1.11) | 3.58 (0.74) | 3.05 (1.29) | 2.51 (0.72) | 3.07 (1.35) | 1.66 (0.71) | 1.69 (0.52) | 19.56 (4.62) | 21 (16, 23) |
p-value |
.487
|
.953
|
.683
|
.086
|
.813
|
.248
|
.049
|
.524
| ||
Age (years) | ||||||||||
< 49 | 96 | 4.16 (0.99) | 3.75 (0.62) | 3.42 (0.89) | 2.65 (0.60) | 3.67 (1.13) | 1.86 (0.69) | 1.70 (0.51) | 21.20 (3.37) | 22 (20, 24) |
50–59 | 138 | 4.07 (1.10) | 3.65 (0.64) | 3.20 (1.07) | 2.62 (0.64) | 3.19 (1.29) | 1.80 (0.74) | 1.84 (0.39) | 20.36 (3.97) | 21 (17, 23) |
60–69 | 113 | 3.89 (1.23) | 3.54 (0.83) | 3.14 (1.29) | 2.58 (0.67) | 2.94 (1.38) | 1.77 (0.68) | 1.70 (0.48) | 19.56 (4.96) | 21 (16, 23.5) |
> 70 | 114 | 3.68 (1.25) | 3.37 (0.89) | 2.56 (1.55) | 2.42 (0.79) | 2.60 (1.41) | 1.39 (0.72) | 1.70 (0.51) | 17.70 (5.28) | 19 (13, 23) |
p-value |
.011
|
.002
|
<0.001
|
.064
|
<0.001
|
<0.001
|
.034
|
<0.001
| ||
Education Level | ||||||||||
Illiterate and primary school | 184 | 3.79 (1.27) | 3.46 (0.83) | 2.72 (1.48) | 2.46 (0.75) | 2.66 (1.44) | 1.49 (0.74) | 1.72 (0.48) | 18.30 (5.13) | 20 (13, 23) |
Junior high school | 77 | 4.04 (1.13) | 3.60 (0.83) | 3.08 (1.27) | 2.58 (0.75) | 3.19 (1.30) | 1.61 (0.65) | 1.66 (0.53) | 19.77 (4.54) | 21 (17, 23) |
High school | 112 | 4.04 (1.01) | 3.65 (0.72) | 3.34 (0.97) | 2.66 (0.56) | 3.36 (1.21) | 1.89 (0.73) | 1.76 (0.45) | 20.70 (3.95) | 22 (19, 24) |
College (and above) | 94 | 4.11 (1.10) | 3.73 (0.53) | 3.45 (0.84) | 2.65 (0.58) | 3.50 (1.23) | 1.96 (0.72) | 1.79 (0.72) | 21.18 (3.52) | 22 (19.75, 24) |
p-value |
.106
|
.020
|
<0.001
|
.037
|
<0.001
|
<0.001
|
.342
|
<0.001
| ||
Primary language | ||||||||||
Mandarin | 274 | 3.97 (1.13) | 3.62 (0.71) | 3.24 (1.17) | 2.57 (0.64) | 3.26 (1.34) | 1.81 (0.72) | 1.70 (0.50) | 20.17 (4.38) | 22 (18, 23) |
Taiwanese | 192 | 3.95 (1.21) | 3.53 (0.82) | 2.84 (1.35) | 2.55 (0.73) | 2.83 (1.39) | 1.57 (0.75) | 1.78 (0.44) | 19.06 (4.88) | 21 (15, 23) |
p-value |
.860
|
.212
|
.001
|
.744
|
.001
|
.001
|
.085
|
.010
| ||
Primary caregiver for the patient | ||||||||||
Self or spouse | 365 | 3.98 (1.16) | 3.62 (0.72) | 3.18 (1.14) | 2.62 (0.61) | 3.16 (1.34) | 1.76 (0.72) | 1.76 (0.46) | 20.08 (4.28) | 21 (17, 23) |
Child or a child’s spouse | 50 | 3.82 (1.21) | 3.42 (0.86) | 2.78 (1.45) | 2.38 (0.88) | 2.82 (1.45) | 1.42 (0.84) | 1.60 (0.53) | 18.24 (5.29) | 20.5 (13, 22.25) |
Parents or siblings | 15 | 4.40 (0.83) | 3.93 (0.26) | 3.27 (0.88) | 2.67 (0.72) | 3.60 (1.24) | 2.00 (0.53) | 1.80 (0.41) | 21.67 (3.13) | 22 (20, 24) |
Foreign caregivers or others | 39 | 3.79 (1.22) | 3.31 (0.98) | 2.38 (1.79) | 2.23 (0.84) | 2.49 (1.41) | 1.46 (0.72) | 1.64 (0.54) | 17.31 (5.95) | 20 (11, 23) |
p-value |
.291
|
.009
|
.001
|
.001
|
.005
|
.001
|
.071
|
<0.001
| ||
Willing to receive a kidney transplant | ||||||||||
Yes | 166 | 4.14 (1.09) | 3.73 (0.60) | 3.40 (0.92) | 2.67 (0.59) | 3.57 (1.24) | 1.89 (0.67) | 1.77 (0.43) | 21.16 (3.56) | 22 (20, 24) |
No | 259 | 3.76 (1.21) | 3.45 (0.84) | 2.83 (1.40) | 2.47 (0.73) | 2.75 (1.37) | 1.58 (0.73) | 1.71 (0.50) | 18.56 (4.94) | 20 (15, 23) |
p-value |
.001
|
<0.001
|
<0.001
|
.003
|
<0.001
|
<0.001
|
.281
|
<0.001
|