Skip to main content

2017 | Diabetologische Notfälle | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

12. Diabetesdiagnostik einschließlich analytischer Verfahren zur Glukosebestimmung

verfasst von : Priv.-Doz. Dr. Dr. Hans Günther Wahl, Prof. Dr. Theodor Koschinsky

Erschienen in: POCT - Patientennahe Labordiagnostik

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Zusammenfassung

Dieses Kapitel gibt eine Übersicht über die derzeitigen Möglichkeiten des POCT zu Primärdiagnostik und Verlaufsmonitoring des Diabetes mellitus. Es werden die biochemischen Messprinzipien erläutert und die unterschiedlichen Glukose- und HbA1c-Messsysteme in ihren jeweiligen Leistungscharakteristiken erläutert. Dabei werden auch ausführlich das verwendete Probenmaterial, Einflussfaktoren und Interferenzen, sowie Evaluierung und Validierung der Verfahren besprochen. Aber auch andere klinische Aspekte der Diabetesdiagnostik wie z. B. die Blutzuckermessung an alternativen Körperstellen, werden gewürdigt.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Asworth L, Gibb I, Alberti KG (1992) HemoCue: evaluation of a portable photometric system for determining glucose in whole blood. Clin Chem 38: 1479–1482 Asworth L, Gibb I, Alberti KG (1992) HemoCue: evaluation of a portable photometric system for determining glucose in whole blood. Clin Chem 38: 1479–1482
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Bossuyt PM, Reitsma JB, Bruns DE et al. (2003) The STARD statement for reporting studies of diagnostic accuracy: explanation and elaboration. Clin Chem 49: 7–18 Bossuyt PM, Reitsma JB, Bruns DE et al. (2003) The STARD statement for reporting studies of diagnostic accuracy: explanation and elaboration. Clin Chem 49: 7–18
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Bossuyt PM, Reitsma JB, Bruns DE et al. (2003) Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: the STARD initiative. Clin Chem 49: 1–6 Bossuyt PM, Reitsma JB, Bruns DE et al. (2003) Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: the STARD initiative. Clin Chem 49: 1–6
4.
Zurück zum Zitat CLSI (2008) Guidelines for comparison of glucose methodologies that use different sample types; Proposed Guideline. CLSI document POCT 6-P. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA CLSI (2008) Guidelines for comparison of glucose methodologies that use different sample types; Proposed Guideline. CLSI document POCT 6-P. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA
5.
Zurück zum Zitat D’Orazio P, Burnett RW, Fogh-Andersen N et al. (2005) The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry Scientific Division Working Group on Selective Electrodes and Point of Care Testing: Approved IFCC recommendation on reporting results for blood glucose (abbreviated). Clin Chem 51: 1573–1576 D’Orazio P, Burnett RW, Fogh-Andersen N et al. (2005) The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry Scientific Division Working Group on Selective Electrodes and Point of Care Testing: Approved IFCC recommendation on reporting results for blood glucose (abbreviated). Clin Chem 51: 1573–1576
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Dungan K, Chapman J, Braithwaite SS, Buse J (2007) Glucose measurements: Confounding issues in setting targets for inpatient management. Diabetes Care 30: 403–409 Dungan K, Chapman J, Braithwaite SS, Buse J (2007) Glucose measurements: Confounding issues in setting targets for inpatient management. Diabetes Care 30: 403–409
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Janssen W, Harff G, Caers M, Schellekens A (1998) Positive interference of icodextrin metabolites in some enzymatic glucose methods. Clin Chem 44: 2379–2380 Janssen W, Harff G, Caers M, Schellekens A (1998) Positive interference of icodextrin metabolites in some enzymatic glucose methods. Clin Chem 44: 2379–2380
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Karon BS, Griesmann L, Scott R et al. (2008) Evaluation of the impact of hematocrit and other interference on the accuracy of hospital-based glucose meters. Diabetes Technol Ther 10: 111–120 Karon BS, Griesmann L, Scott R et al. (2008) Evaluation of the impact of hematocrit and other interference on the accuracy of hospital-based glucose meters. Diabetes Technol Ther 10: 111–120
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Koschinsky T (2011) Genauigkeit der Blutglukosemessung – aktuelle Anforderungen und Interferenzen. Diabetologie Stoffw 6: 43–47 Koschinsky T (2011) Genauigkeit der Blutglukosemessung – aktuelle Anforderungen und Interferenzen. Diabetologie Stoffw 6: 43–47
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Koschinsky T, Junker R, Luppa PB, Schlebusch H. Improvement of therapeutic safety through standardized plasma calibration of blood glucose test systems at the point-of-care. J. Lab Med 2009;33: 349–52 Koschinsky T, Junker R, Luppa PB, Schlebusch H. Improvement of therapeutic safety through standardized plasma calibration of blood glucose test systems at the point-of-care. J. Lab Med 2009;33: 349–52
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Kost GJ, Nguyen TH, Tang Z (2000) Wholeblood glucose and lactate: trilayer biosensors, drug interference, metabolism, and practice guidelines. Arch Pathol Lab Med 124: 1128–1134 Kost GJ, Nguyen TH, Tang Z (2000) Wholeblood glucose and lactate: trilayer biosensors, drug interference, metabolism, and practice guidelines. Arch Pathol Lab Med 124: 1128–1134
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Kost GJ, Vu HT, Inn M et al. (2000) Multicenter study of whole-blood creatinine, total carbon dioxide content, and chemistry profiling for laboratory and point-of-care testing in critical care in the United States. Crit Care Med 28: 2379–2389 Kost GJ, Vu HT, Inn M et al. (2000) Multicenter study of whole-blood creatinine, total carbon dioxide content, and chemistry profiling for laboratory and point-of-care testing in critical care in the United States. Crit Care Med 28: 2379–2389
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Mahoney J, Ellison J (2007) Assessing the quality of glucose monitor studies: a critical evaluation of published reports. Clin Chem 53: 1122–1128 Mahoney J, Ellison J (2007) Assessing the quality of glucose monitor studies: a critical evaluation of published reports. Clin Chem 53: 1122–1128
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Mahoney JJ, Ellison JM (2007) Assessing glucose monitor performance – a standardized approach. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 9: 545–552 Mahoney JJ, Ellison JM (2007) Assessing glucose monitor performance – a standardized approach. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 9: 545–552
16.
Zurück zum Zitat NCCLS (2002) Point-of-care blood glucose testing in acute and chronic care facilities; Approved Guideline. NCCLS document C30–A2 NCCLS (2002) Point-of-care blood glucose testing in acute and chronic care facilities; Approved Guideline. NCCLS document C30–A2
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Patrick L, Lynch M, O’Kane MJ (2002) Methemoglobin interferes with the HemoCue B-glucose Analyzer. Clin Chem 48: 581–583 Patrick L, Lynch M, O’Kane MJ (2002) Methemoglobin interferes with the HemoCue B-glucose Analyzer. Clin Chem 48: 581–583
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Rao LV, Jakubiak F, Sidwell JS, Winkelmann JW, Snyder ML (2005) Accuracy evaluation of a new glucometer with automated hematocrit measurement and correction. Clin Chim Acta 356: 178–183 Rao LV, Jakubiak F, Sidwell JS, Winkelmann JW, Snyder ML (2005) Accuracy evaluation of a new glucometer with automated hematocrit measurement and correction. Clin Chim Acta 356: 178–183
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Tang Z, Du X, Loie RF, Kost GJ (2000) Effects of drugs on glucose measurements with handheld glucose meters and a portable glucose analyzer. Am J Clin Pathol 113: 75–86 Tang Z, Du X, Loie RF, Kost GJ (2000) Effects of drugs on glucose measurements with handheld glucose meters and a portable glucose analyzer. Am J Clin Pathol 113: 75–86
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Tang Z, Lee JH, Louie RF, Kost GJ (2000) Effects of different hematocrit levels on glucose measurements with handheld meters for point-of-care testing. Arch Pathol Lab Med 124: 1135–1140 Tang Z, Lee JH, Louie RF, Kost GJ (2000) Effects of different hematocrit levels on glucose measurements with handheld meters for point-of-care testing. Arch Pathol Lab Med 124: 1135–1140
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Tang Z, Louie RF, Payes M, Chang KC, Kost GJ (2000) Oxygen effects on glucose measurements with a reference analyzer and three handheld meters. Diabetes Technol Ther 2: 349–362 Tang Z, Louie RF, Payes M, Chang KC, Kost GJ (2000) Oxygen effects on glucose measurements with a reference analyzer and three handheld meters. Diabetes Technol Ther 2: 349–362
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Arabadjief D, Nicholas JH (2006) Assessing glucose meter accuracy. Curr Med Res Opin 22: 2167–2174 Arabadjief D, Nicholas JH (2006) Assessing glucose meter accuracy. Curr Med Res Opin 22: 2167–2174
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Bina DM, Anderson RL, Johnson ML, Bergenstal RM, Kendall DM (2003) Clinical impact of prandial state, exercise, and site preparation on the equivalence of alternative-site blood glucose testing. Diabetes Care 26: 981–985 Bina DM, Anderson RL, Johnson ML, Bergenstal RM, Kendall DM (2003) Clinical impact of prandial state, exercise, and site preparation on the equivalence of alternative-site blood glucose testing. Diabetes Care 26: 981–985
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Brunkhorst FM, Engel C, Bloos F et al. (2008) German Competence Network Sepsis (SepNet). Intensive insulin therapy and pentastarch resuscitation in severe sepsis. N Engl J Med 358: 125–139 Brunkhorst FM, Engel C, Bloos F et al. (2008) German Competence Network Sepsis (SepNet). Intensive insulin therapy and pentastarch resuscitation in severe sepsis. N Engl J Med 358: 125–139
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Brunkhorst FM, Wahl HG (2006) Blood glucose measurements in the critically ill: more than just a blood draw. Crit Care 10: 178 Brunkhorst FM, Wahl HG (2006) Blood glucose measurements in the critically ill: more than just a blood draw. Crit Care 10: 178
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Bruns DE, Knowler WC (2009) Stabilization of glucose in blood samples: why it matters. Clin Chem 55: 850–852 Bruns DE, Knowler WC (2009) Stabilization of glucose in blood samples: why it matters. Clin Chem 55: 850–852
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Bundesärztekammer (2014) Richtlinie der Bundesärztekammer zur Qualitätssicherung laboratoriumsmedizinischer Untersuchungen (RiliBÄK 2014). Dtsch Ärztebl 111:A1583-A1618 Bundesärztekammer (2014) Richtlinie der Bundesärztekammer zur Qualitätssicherung laboratoriumsmedizinischer Untersuchungen (RiliBÄK 2014). Dtsch Ärztebl 111:A1583-A1618
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Bürgi W (1974) Oraler Glukosetoleranztest: unterschiedlicher Verlauf der kapillären und venösen Belastungskurven. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 104: 1698–1699 Bürgi W (1974) Oraler Glukosetoleranztest: unterschiedlicher Verlauf der kapillären und venösen Belastungskurven. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 104: 1698–1699
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Burrin JM, Alberti KG (1990) What is blood glucose: can it be measured? Diab Med 7: 199–206 Burrin JM, Alberti KG (1990) What is blood glucose: can it be measured? Diab Med 7: 199–206
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Danne T, Mueller-Wieland D, Lackner K, Schleicher E (2009) Gemeinsame Empfehlungen der DDG und DGKL zur Qualitätssicherung der HbA1c-Messung. Dtsch Ärzteblatt 106 (33) Danne T, Mueller-Wieland D, Lackner K, Schleicher E (2009) Gemeinsame Empfehlungen der DDG und DGKL zur Qualitätssicherung der HbA1c-Messung. Dtsch Ärzteblatt 106 (33)
10.
Zurück zum Zitat D‘Orazio P, Burnett RW, Fogh-Andersen N et al. (2005) Approved IFCC recommendation on reporting results for blood glucose (abbreviated). Clin Chem 51(9): 1573–1576 D‘Orazio P, Burnett RW, Fogh-Andersen N et al. (2005) Approved IFCC recommendation on reporting results for blood glucose (abbreviated). Clin Chem 51(9): 1573–1576
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Dungan K, Chapman J, Braithwaite SS, Buse J (2007) Glucose measurements: Confounding issues in setting targets for inpatient management. Diabetes Care 30: 403–409 Dungan K, Chapman J, Braithwaite SS, Buse J (2007) Glucose measurements: Confounding issues in setting targets for inpatient management. Diabetes Care 30: 403–409
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Finkielmann JD, Oyen LJ, Afessa B (2005) Agreement between bedside blood and plasma glucose measurement in the ICU setting. Chest 127: 1749–1751 Finkielmann JD, Oyen LJ, Afessa B (2005) Agreement between bedside blood and plasma glucose measurement in the ICU setting. Chest 127: 1749–1751
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Gambino R, Piscitelli J, Ackattupathil TA et al. (2009) Acidification of blood is superior to sodium fluoride alone as an inhibitor of glycolysis. Clin Chem 55: 1019–1021 Gambino R, Piscitelli J, Ackattupathil TA et al. (2009) Acidification of blood is superior to sodium fluoride alone as an inhibitor of glycolysis. Clin Chem 55: 1019–1021
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Harrison JG (1995) Accuracy of fingerstick glucose values in shock patients. Am J Crit Care 4: 44–48 Harrison JG (1995) Accuracy of fingerstick glucose values in shock patients. Am J Crit Care 4: 44–48
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Haupt A, Berg B, Paschen P et al. (2005) The effects of skin temperature and testing site on blood glucose measurements taken by a modern blood glucose monitoring device. Diabetes Technol Ther 7: 597–601 Haupt A, Berg B, Paschen P et al. (2005) The effects of skin temperature and testing site on blood glucose measurements taken by a modern blood glucose monitoring device. Diabetes Technol Ther 7: 597–601
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Ingels C, Debaveye Y, Milants I et al. (2006) Strict blood glucose control with insulin during intensive care after cardiac surgery: impact on 4-years survival, dependency on medical care, and quality-of-life. Eur Heart J 27: 2716–2724 Ingels C, Debaveye Y, Milants I et al. (2006) Strict blood glucose control with insulin during intensive care after cardiac surgery: impact on 4-years survival, dependency on medical care, and quality-of-life. Eur Heart J 27: 2716–2724
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Jungheim K, Koschinsky T (2002) Glucose monitoring at the arm: risky delays of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia detection. Diabetes Care 25: 956–960 Jungheim K, Koschinsky T (2002) Glucose monitoring at the arm: risky delays of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia detection. Diabetes Care 25: 956–960
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Jungheim K, Koschinsky T (2002) Glucose monitoring at the thenar: evaluation of upper dermal blood glucose kinetics during rapid systemic blood glucose changes. Horm Metab Res 34: 325–329 Jungheim K, Koschinsky T (2002) Glucose monitoring at the thenar: evaluation of upper dermal blood glucose kinetics during rapid systemic blood glucose changes. Horm Metab Res 34: 325–329
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Kerner W, Brückel J (2015) Definition, Klassifikation und Diagnostik des Diabetes melitus. Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel 10 (Suppl 2) S 98–S101; Aktualisierte Version auf den Webseiten der DDG: www.deutsche-diabetes-gesellschaft.de/Evidenzbasierte Leitlinien/Praxisempfehlungen der Deutschen Diabetes Gesellschaft/ Definition Kerner W, Brückel J (2015) Definition, Klassifikation und Diagnostik des Diabetes melitus. Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel 10 (Suppl 2) S 98–S101; Aktualisierte Version auf den Webseiten der DDG: www.​deutsche-diabetes-gesellschaft.​de/​Evidenzbasierte Leitlinien/Praxisempfehlungen der Deutschen Diabetes Gesellschaft/ Definition
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Khan AI, Vasquez Y, Gray J, Wians FH Jr, Kroll MH (2006) The variability of results between point-of-care testing glucose meters and the central laboratory analyzer. Arch Pathol Lab Med 130: 1527–1532 Khan AI, Vasquez Y, Gray J, Wians FH Jr, Kroll MH (2006) The variability of results between point-of-care testing glucose meters and the central laboratory analyzer. Arch Pathol Lab Med 130: 1527–1532
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Koschinsky T, Jungheim K, Heinemann L (2003) Glucose sensors and the alternate site testing-like phenomenon: relationship between rapid blood glucose changes and glucose sensor signals. Diabetes Technol Ther 5: 829–842 Koschinsky T, Jungheim K, Heinemann L (2003) Glucose sensors and the alternate site testing-like phenomenon: relationship between rapid blood glucose changes and glucose sensor signals. Diabetes Technol Ther 5: 829–842
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Kulkarni A, Saxena M, Price G, O’Leary MJ, Jaques T, Myburgh JA (2005) Analysis of blood glucose measurements using capillary and arterial blood samples in intensive care patients. Intensive Care Med 31: 142–145 Kulkarni A, Saxena M, Price G, O’Leary MJ, Jaques T, Myburgh JA (2005) Analysis of blood glucose measurements using capillary and arterial blood samples in intensive care patients. Intensive Care Med 31: 142–145
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Kuwa K, Nakayama T, Hoshino T, Tominaga M (2001) Relationships of glucose concentrations in capillary whole blood, venous whole blood and venous plasma. Clin Chim Acta 307: 187–192 Kuwa K, Nakayama T, Hoshino T, Tominaga M (2001) Relationships of glucose concentrations in capillary whole blood, venous whole blood and venous plasma. Clin Chim Acta 307: 187–192
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Mikesh LM, Bruns DE (2008) Stabilization of glucose in blood specimen: mechanism of delay in fluoride inhibition of glycolysis. Clin Chem 54: 930–932 Mikesh LM, Bruns DE (2008) Stabilization of glucose in blood specimen: mechanism of delay in fluoride inhibition of glycolysis. Clin Chem 54: 930–932
29.
Zurück zum Zitat NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators, Finfer et al. (2009) Intensive versus Conventional Glucose Control in Critically Ill Patients N Engl J Med 360: 1283–1297 NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators, Finfer et al. (2009) Intensive versus Conventional Glucose Control in Critically Ill Patients N Engl J Med 360: 1283–1297
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Rao LV, Jakubiak F, Sidwell JS, Winkelmann JW, Snyder ML (2005) Accuracy evaluation of a new glucometer with automated hematocrit measurement and correction. Clin Chim Acta 356: 178–183 Rao LV, Jakubiak F, Sidwell JS, Winkelmann JW, Snyder ML (2005) Accuracy evaluation of a new glucometer with automated hematocrit measurement and correction. Clin Chim Acta 356: 178–183
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Schetz M, Vanhorebeek I, Wouters PJ, Wilmer A, Van den Berghe G (2008) Tight blood glucose control Is renoprotective in critically ill patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 19: 571–578 Schetz M, Vanhorebeek I, Wouters PJ, Wilmer A, Van den Berghe G (2008) Tight blood glucose control Is renoprotective in critically ill patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 19: 571–578
32.
Zurück zum Zitat The International Expert Committee (2009). International Expert Committee report on the role of the A1c assay in the diagnosis of diabetes. DiabetesCare 32: 1327–1334 The International Expert Committee (2009). International Expert Committee report on the role of the A1c assay in the diagnosis of diabetes. DiabetesCare 32: 1327–1334
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Van den Berghe G (2008) Insulin therapy in the intensive care unit should be targeted to maintain blood glucose between 4.4 mmol/l and 6.1 mmol/l. Diabetologia 51: 911–915 Van den Berghe G (2008) Insulin therapy in the intensive care unit should be targeted to maintain blood glucose between 4.4 mmol/l and 6.1 mmol/l. Diabetologia 51: 911–915
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Van den Berghe G, Wilmer A, Hermans G et al. (2006) Intensive insulin therapy in the medical ICU. N Engl J Med 354: 449–461 Van den Berghe G, Wilmer A, Hermans G et al. (2006) Intensive insulin therapy in the medical ICU. N Engl J Med 354: 449–461
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F et al. (2001) Intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 345: 1359–1367 Van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F et al. (2001) Intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 345: 1359–1367
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Vanhorebeek I, Langouche L, Van den Berghe G (2007) Tight blood glucose control: what is the evidence? Crit Care Med 35 (9 Suppl): S496–S502 Vanhorebeek I, Langouche L, Van den Berghe G (2007) Tight blood glucose control: what is the evidence? Crit Care Med 35 (9 Suppl): S496–S502
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Lenters-Westra E, Slingerland RJ (2014) Three of 7 hemoglobin A1c point-of-care instruments do not meet generally accepted analytical performance criteria. Clin Chem 60:1062–1072 Lenters-Westra E, Slingerland RJ (2014) Three of 7 hemoglobin A1c point-of-care instruments do not meet generally accepted analytical performance criteria. Clin Chem 60:1062–1072
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Kerner W, Freckmann G, Müller UA, Roth J, Schleicher E, Niederau C, Müller-Wieland D, Landgraf R, Heinemann L (2015) Positionspapier der Kommission für Labordiagnostik in der Diabetologie der DGKL und der DDG zur HbA1c-Messung. Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel 10: 329–3 Kerner W, Freckmann G, Müller UA, Roth J, Schleicher E, Niederau C, Müller-Wieland D, Landgraf R, Heinemann L (2015) Positionspapier der Kommission für Labordiagnostik in der Diabetologie der DGKL und der DDG zur HbA1c-Messung. Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel 10: 329–3
39.
Zurück zum Zitat International Organization for Standardization (2003) In Vitro Diagnostic Test Systems – Requirements for Blood-Glucose Monitoring Systems for Self-Testing in Managing Diabetes Mellitus. EN ISO 15197:2003 (E). Geneva International Organization for Standardization (2003) In Vitro Diagnostic Test Systems – Requirements for Blood-Glucose Monitoring Systems for Self-Testing in Managing Diabetes Mellitus. EN ISO 15197:2003 (E). Geneva
40.
Zurück zum Zitat International Organization for Standardization (2013) In Vitro Diagnostic Test Systems – Requirements for Blood-Glucose Monitoring Systems for Self-Testing in Managing Diabetes Mellitus. ISO 15197:2013 (E). Geneva International Organization for Standardization (2013) In Vitro Diagnostic Test Systems – Requirements for Blood-Glucose Monitoring Systems for Self-Testing in Managing Diabetes Mellitus. ISO 15197:2013 (E). Geneva
Metadaten
Titel
Diabetesdiagnostik einschließlich analytischer Verfahren zur Glukosebestimmung
verfasst von
Priv.-Doz. Dr. Dr. Hans Günther Wahl
Prof. Dr. Theodor Koschinsky
Copyright-Jahr
2017
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54196-8_12

Update AINS

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.