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Erschienen in: Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 7/2018

12.07.2016 | Übersichten

Diagnose von Gerinnungsstörungen mit Rotationsthromboelastometrie

verfasst von: Dr. M. Honickel, PD Dr. Dr. O. Grottke

Erschienen in: Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin | Ausgabe 7/2018

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Anwendung viskoelastischer Methoden der Gerinnungsdiagnostik, wie der Rotationsthromboelastometrie (ROTEM®, Tem International GmbH, München, Deutschland), bietet im Vergleich zu konventionellen Gerinnungstests, wie der Prothrombinzeit (PT) und der aktivierten partiellen Thromboplastinzeit (aPTT), perioperativ und für blutende Patienten prognoserelevante Vorteile. Durch die Verwendung von Vollblut liegen erste Ergebnisse innerhalb von 10–12 min vor, die eine qualitative und semiquantitative Aussage über die Kinetik des entstehenden Gerinnsels ermöglichen. Anhand dieser Informationen kann eine Koagulopathie, anstelle rein empirischer Ansätze, deutlich schneller zielgerichtet und individualisiert therapiert werden. Der Einsatz der ROTEM®-Diagnostik kann auch zu einem ressourcenschonenden Einsatz von allogenen Blutprodukten und Faktorenkonzentraten beitragen. Dadurch können das Auftreten transfusionsassoziierter Komplikationen vermieden und zudem die Kosten der Therapie gesenkt werden.

Ziel der Arbeit

Diese Arbeit dient als Einführung in die Methode der ROTEM®-Diagnostik und zeigt, wie mittels Kombination der verfügbaren Reagenzien eine schnelle Differenzialdiagnose häufiger Koagulopathien in der Praxis gelingen kann. Zudem sollen prognostischer Nutzen und methodische Grenzen der ROTEM®-Diagnostik dargestellt werden. Schließlich wird die Anwendung der ROTEM®-Diagnostik in ausgewählten operativen Fächern dargestellt und kritisch diskutiert.

Zusammenfassung

Die Rotationsthromboelastometrie ist eine geeignete Methode zur frühzeitigen Diagnostik präoperativer Blutungsrisiken sowie peri-/postoperativer und traumaassoziierter Hämorrhagien und kann algorithmenbasiert zu einer zielgerichteten Therapiesteuerung beitragen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Diagnose von Gerinnungsstörungen mit Rotationsthromboelastometrie
verfasst von
Dr. M. Honickel
PD Dr. Dr. O. Grottke
Publikationsdatum
12.07.2016
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin / Ausgabe 7/2018
Print ISSN: 2193-6218
Elektronische ISSN: 2193-6226
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-016-0194-4

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