Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology 2/2017

28.02.2017 | Clinical Review

Diagnosis and treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis in clinical practice

verfasst von: Yasuhiko Abe, Yu Sasaki, Makoto Yagi, Takao Yaoita, Shoichi Nishise, Yoshiyuki Ueno

Erschienen in: Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology | Ausgabe 2/2017

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic and abnormal Th2 type immunological response characterized by intense eosinophilic inflammation localized within the esophagus. This leads to esophageal dysfunction and remodeling accompanied by subepithelial fibrosis. Recently, EoE has been recognized as one of the major causes of dysphagia or food impaction in adults. The prevalence of EoE has been increasing over the past several decades, particularly in Western countries. EoE should be differentiated from secondary esophageal eosinophilia (EE) in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and eosinophilic gastroenteritis, involving the entire gastrointestinal tract. EoE is an uncommon condition in Asia compared with Western countries. With the growing interest and awareness of this condition during the past decade, reports of this disease are increasingly emerging in Asian countries including Japan. Typical EoE does not respond to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy according to the current Western diagnostic guidelines. However, some cases of EE exhibit symptomatic relief and histological improvement in response to PPI [i.e., PPI-responsive esophageal eosinophilia (PPI-REE)]. The understanding of the clinical manifestations and unique endoscopic images of EoE, differences and similarities between GERD, PPI-REE, and EoE will all serve as the differential diagnosis. Further knowledge of the indications and efficacy of PPI therapy and topical steroid therapy will also aid in the management of these diseases. In this article, we will review the current diagnosis and treatment of EoE in clinical practice.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Dobbins JW, Sheahan DG, Behar J. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis with esophageal involvement. Gastroenterology. 1977;72(6):1312–6.PubMed Dobbins JW, Sheahan DG, Behar J. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis with esophageal involvement. Gastroenterology. 1977;72(6):1312–6.PubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Landres RT, Kuster GC, Strum WB. Eosinophilic esophagitis in a patient with vigorous achalasia. Gastroenterology. 1978;74(6):1298–301.PubMed Landres RT, Kuster GC, Strum WB. Eosinophilic esophagitis in a patient with vigorous achalasia. Gastroenterology. 1978;74(6):1298–301.PubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Morrow JB, Vargo JJ, Goldblum JR, Richter JE. The ringed esophagus: histological features of GERD. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;96(4):984–9.PubMedCrossRef Morrow JB, Vargo JJ, Goldblum JR, Richter JE. The ringed esophagus: histological features of GERD. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;96(4):984–9.PubMedCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Attwood SEA, Smyrk TC, Demeester TR, Jones JB. Esophageal eosinophilia with dysphagia—a distinct clinicopathologic syndrome. Dig Dis Sci. 1993;38(1):109–16.PubMedCrossRef Attwood SEA, Smyrk TC, Demeester TR, Jones JB. Esophageal eosinophilia with dysphagia—a distinct clinicopathologic syndrome. Dig Dis Sci. 1993;38(1):109–16.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Furuta GT, Liacouras CA, Collins MH, et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis in children and adults: a systematic review and consensus recommendations for diagnosis and treatment. Gastroenterology. 2007;133(4):1342–63.PubMedCrossRef Furuta GT, Liacouras CA, Collins MH, et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis in children and adults: a systematic review and consensus recommendations for diagnosis and treatment. Gastroenterology. 2007;133(4):1342–63.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Straumann A, Simon HU. Eosinophilic esophagitis: escalating epidemiology? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005;115(2):418–9.PubMedCrossRef Straumann A, Simon HU. Eosinophilic esophagitis: escalating epidemiology? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005;115(2):418–9.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Whitney-Miller CL, Katzka D, Furth EE. Eosinophilic esophagitis: a retrospective review of esophageal biopsy specimens from 1992 to 2004 at an adult academic medical center. Am J Clin Pathol. 2009;131(6):788–92.PubMedCrossRef Whitney-Miller CL, Katzka D, Furth EE. Eosinophilic esophagitis: a retrospective review of esophageal biopsy specimens from 1992 to 2004 at an adult academic medical center. Am J Clin Pathol. 2009;131(6):788–92.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Prasad GA, Alexander JA, Schleck CD, et al. Epidemiology of eosinophilic esophagitis over three decades in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;7(10):1055–61.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Prasad GA, Alexander JA, Schleck CD, et al. Epidemiology of eosinophilic esophagitis over three decades in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;7(10):1055–61.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Van Rhijn BD, Verheij J, Smout AJPM, Bredenoord AJ. Rapidly increasing incidence of eosinophilic esophagitis in a large cohort. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2013;25(1):47–53.PubMedCrossRef Van Rhijn BD, Verheij J, Smout AJPM, Bredenoord AJ. Rapidly increasing incidence of eosinophilic esophagitis in a large cohort. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2013;25(1):47–53.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Yan BM, Shaffer EA. Primary eosinophilic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Gut. 2009;58(5):721–32.PubMedCrossRef Yan BM, Shaffer EA. Primary eosinophilic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Gut. 2009;58(5):721–32.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Kinoshita Y, Furuta K, Ishimaura N, et al. Clinical characteristics of Japanese patients with eosinophilic esophagitis and eosinophilic gastroenteritis. J Gastroenterol. 2013;48(3):333–9.PubMedCrossRef Kinoshita Y, Furuta K, Ishimaura N, et al. Clinical characteristics of Japanese patients with eosinophilic esophagitis and eosinophilic gastroenteritis. J Gastroenterol. 2013;48(3):333–9.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Ito J, Fujiwara T, Kojima R, Nomura I. Racial differences in eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders among Caucasian and Asian. Allergol Int. 2015;64(3):253–9.PubMedCrossRef Ito J, Fujiwara T, Kojima R, Nomura I. Racial differences in eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders among Caucasian and Asian. Allergol Int. 2015;64(3):253–9.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Arias A, Pérez-Martínez I, Tenías JM, Lucendo AJ. Systematic review with meta-analysis: the incidence and prevalence of eosinophilic oesophagitis in children and adults in population-based studies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016;43(1):3–15.PubMedCrossRef Arias A, Pérez-Martínez I, Tenías JM, Lucendo AJ. Systematic review with meta-analysis: the incidence and prevalence of eosinophilic oesophagitis in children and adults in population-based studies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016;43(1):3–15.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Ronkainen J, Talley NJ, Aro P, et al. Prevalence of oesophageal eosinophils and eosinophilic oesophagitis in adults: the population-based Kalixanda study. Gut. 2007;56(5):615–20.PubMedCrossRef Ronkainen J, Talley NJ, Aro P, et al. Prevalence of oesophageal eosinophils and eosinophilic oesophagitis in adults: the population-based Kalixanda study. Gut. 2007;56(5):615–20.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Almansa C, Krishna M, Buchner AM, et al. Seasonal distribution in newly diagnosed cases of eosinophilic esophagitis in adults. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104(4):828–33.PubMedCrossRef Almansa C, Krishna M, Buchner AM, et al. Seasonal distribution in newly diagnosed cases of eosinophilic esophagitis in adults. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104(4):828–33.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Veerappan GR, Perry JL, Duncan TJ, et al. Prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in an adult population undergoing upper endoscopy: a prospective study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;7(4):420–426.e2.PubMedCrossRef Veerappan GR, Perry JL, Duncan TJ, et al. Prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in an adult population undergoing upper endoscopy: a prospective study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;7(4):420–426.e2.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Sealock RJ, Kramer JR, Verstovsek G, et al. The prevalence of oesophageal eosinophilia and eosinophilic oesophagitis: a prospective study in unselected patients presenting to endoscopy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013;37(8):825–32.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Sealock RJ, Kramer JR, Verstovsek G, et al. The prevalence of oesophageal eosinophilia and eosinophilic oesophagitis: a prospective study in unselected patients presenting to endoscopy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013;37(8):825–32.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Kerlin P, Jones D, Remedios MCC. Prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in adults with food bolus obstruction of the esophagus. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2007;41(4):356–61.PubMedCrossRef Kerlin P, Jones D, Remedios MCC. Prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in adults with food bolus obstruction of the esophagus. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2007;41(4):356–61.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Prasad GA, Talley NJ, Romero Y, et al. Prevalence and predictive factors of eosinophilic esophagitis in patients presenting with dysphagia: a prospective study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102(12):2627–32.PubMedCrossRef Prasad GA, Talley NJ, Romero Y, et al. Prevalence and predictive factors of eosinophilic esophagitis in patients presenting with dysphagia: a prospective study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102(12):2627–32.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Mackenzie SH, Go M, Chadwick B, et al. Eosinophilic oesophagitis in patients presenting with dysphagia—a prospective analysis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;28(9):1140–6.PubMedCrossRef Mackenzie SH, Go M, Chadwick B, et al. Eosinophilic oesophagitis in patients presenting with dysphagia—a prospective analysis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;28(9):1140–6.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Sperry SLW, Crockett SD, Miller CB, Shaheen NJ, Dellon ES. Esophageal foreign-body impactions: epidemiology, time trends, and the impact of the increasing prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011;74(5):985–91.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Sperry SLW, Crockett SD, Miller CB, Shaheen NJ, Dellon ES. Esophageal foreign-body impactions: epidemiology, time trends, and the impact of the increasing prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011;74(5):985–91.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Hurrell JM, Genta RM, Dellon ES. Prevalence of esophageal eosinophilia varies by climate zone in the United States. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107(5):698–706.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Hurrell JM, Genta RM, Dellon ES. Prevalence of esophageal eosinophilia varies by climate zone in the United States. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107(5):698–706.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Spergel JM, Book WM, Mays E, et al. Variation in prevalence, diagnostic criteria, and initial management options for eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases in the United States. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011;52(3):300–6.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Spergel JM, Book WM, Mays E, et al. Variation in prevalence, diagnostic criteria, and initial management options for eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases in the United States. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011;52(3):300–6.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Dellon ES, Jensen ET, Martin CF, Shaheen NJ, Kappelman MD. The prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in the United States. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;12(4):589–96.PubMedCrossRef Dellon ES, Jensen ET, Martin CF, Shaheen NJ, Kappelman MD. The prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in the United States. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;12(4):589–96.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Mansoor E, Cooper GS. The 2010–2015 prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in the USA: a population-based study. Dig Dis Sci. 2016;61(10):2928–34.PubMedCrossRef Mansoor E, Cooper GS. The 2010–2015 prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in the USA: a population-based study. Dig Dis Sci. 2016;61(10):2928–34.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Liacouras CA, Furuta GT, Hirano I, et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis: updated consensus recommendations for children and adults. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;128(1):3–20.PubMedCrossRef Liacouras CA, Furuta GT, Hirano I, et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis: updated consensus recommendations for children and adults. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;128(1):3–20.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Furuta K, Adachi K, Kowari K, et al. A Japanese case of eosinophilic esophagitis. J Gastroenterol. 2006;41(7):706–10.PubMedCrossRef Furuta K, Adachi K, Kowari K, et al. A Japanese case of eosinophilic esophagitis. J Gastroenterol. 2006;41(7):706–10.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Fujishiro H, Amano Y, Kushiyama Y, Ishihara S, Kinoshita Y. Eosinophilic esophagitis investigated by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in Japanese patients. J Gastroenterol. 2011;46(9):1142–4.PubMedCrossRef Fujishiro H, Amano Y, Kushiyama Y, Ishihara S, Kinoshita Y. Eosinophilic esophagitis investigated by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in Japanese patients. J Gastroenterol. 2011;46(9):1142–4.PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Fujiwara Y, Sugawa T, Tanaka F, et al. A multicenter study on the prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis and PPI-responsive esophageal eosinophilic infiltration. Intern Med. 2012;51(23):3235–9.PubMedCrossRef Fujiwara Y, Sugawa T, Tanaka F, et al. A multicenter study on the prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis and PPI-responsive esophageal eosinophilic infiltration. Intern Med. 2012;51(23):3235–9.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Tomomatsu Y, Yoshino J, Inui K, et al. Clinical features of eosinophilic esophagitis: ten Japanese cases. Dig Endosc. 2013;25(2):117–24.PubMedCrossRef Tomomatsu Y, Yoshino J, Inui K, et al. Clinical features of eosinophilic esophagitis: ten Japanese cases. Dig Endosc. 2013;25(2):117–24.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Hori K, Watari J, Fukui H, et al. Do endoscopic features suggesting eosinophilic esophagitis represent histological eosinophilia? Dig Endosc. 2014;26(2):156–63.PubMedCrossRef Hori K, Watari J, Fukui H, et al. Do endoscopic features suggesting eosinophilic esophagitis represent histological eosinophilia? Dig Endosc. 2014;26(2):156–63.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Shimura S, Ishimura N, Tanimura T, et al. Reliability of symptoms and endoscopic findings for diagnosis of esophageal eosinophilia in a Japanese population. Digestion. 2014;90(1):49–57.PubMedCrossRef Shimura S, Ishimura N, Tanimura T, et al. Reliability of symptoms and endoscopic findings for diagnosis of esophageal eosinophilia in a Japanese population. Digestion. 2014;90(1):49–57.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Adachi K, Mishiro T, Tanaka S, Kinoshita Y. Suitable biopsy site for detection of esophageal eosinophilia in eosinophilic esophagitis suspected cases. Dig Endosc. 2016;28(2):139–44.PubMedCrossRef Adachi K, Mishiro T, Tanaka S, Kinoshita Y. Suitable biopsy site for detection of esophageal eosinophilia in eosinophilic esophagitis suspected cases. Dig Endosc. 2016;28(2):139–44.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Shi YN, Sun SJ, Xiong LS, Cao QH, Cui Y, Chen MH. Prevalence, clinical manifestations and endoscopic features of eosinophilic esophagitis: a pathological review in China. J Dig Dis. 2012;13(6):304–9.PubMedCrossRef Shi YN, Sun SJ, Xiong LS, Cao QH, Cui Y, Chen MH. Prevalence, clinical manifestations and endoscopic features of eosinophilic esophagitis: a pathological review in China. J Dig Dis. 2012;13(6):304–9.PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Joo MK, Park JJ, Kim SH, et al. Prevalence and endoscopic features of eosinophilic esophagitis in patients with esophageal or upper gastrointestinal symptoms. J Dig Dis. 2012;13(6):296–303.PubMedCrossRef Joo MK, Park JJ, Kim SH, et al. Prevalence and endoscopic features of eosinophilic esophagitis in patients with esophageal or upper gastrointestinal symptoms. J Dig Dis. 2012;13(6):296–303.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Ma X, Xu Q, Zheng Y, et al. Prevalence of esophageal eosinophilia and eosinophilic esophagitis in adults: a population-based endoscopic study in Shanghai, China. Dig Dis Sci. 2015;60(6):1716–23.PubMedCrossRef Ma X, Xu Q, Zheng Y, et al. Prevalence of esophageal eosinophilia and eosinophilic esophagitis in adults: a population-based endoscopic study in Shanghai, China. Dig Dis Sci. 2015;60(6):1716–23.PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Kinoshita Y. Systematic review: eosinophilic esophagitis in Asian countries. World J Gastroenterol July World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(2127):8433–40.CrossRef Kinoshita Y. Systematic review: eosinophilic esophagitis in Asian countries. World J Gastroenterol July World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(2127):8433–40.CrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Ishimura N, Shimura S, Jiao D, et al. Clinical features of eosinophilic esophagitis: differences between Asian and Western populations. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;30(S1):71–7.PubMedCrossRef Ishimura N, Shimura S, Jiao D, et al. Clinical features of eosinophilic esophagitis: differences between Asian and Western populations. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;30(S1):71–7.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Abe Y, Iijima K, Ohara S, et al. Localized esophageal eosinophilia: Is it an early manifestation of eosinophilic esophagitis or a subtype of gastroesophageal reflux disease? Dig Endosc. 2014;26(3):337–43.PubMedCrossRef Abe Y, Iijima K, Ohara S, et al. Localized esophageal eosinophilia: Is it an early manifestation of eosinophilic esophagitis or a subtype of gastroesophageal reflux disease? Dig Endosc. 2014;26(3):337–43.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Abe Y, Iijima K, Ohara S, et al. A Japanese case series of 12 patients with esophageal eosinophilia. J Gastroenterol. 2011;46(1):25–30.PubMedCrossRef Abe Y, Iijima K, Ohara S, et al. A Japanese case series of 12 patients with esophageal eosinophilia. J Gastroenterol. 2011;46(1):25–30.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Sherrill JD, Rothenberg ME. Genetic dissection of eosinophilic esophagitis provides insight into disease pathogenesis and treatment strategies. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;128(1):23–32.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Sherrill JD, Rothenberg ME. Genetic dissection of eosinophilic esophagitis provides insight into disease pathogenesis and treatment strategies. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;128(1):23–32.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Holvoet S, Blanchard C. Genetic and molecular mechanisms leading to eosinophilic esophagitis. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2014;106(4):276–80.PubMed Holvoet S, Blanchard C. Genetic and molecular mechanisms leading to eosinophilic esophagitis. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2014;106(4):276–80.PubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Rothenberg ME. Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGID). J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;113(1):11–29.PubMedCrossRef Rothenberg ME. Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGID). J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;113(1):11–29.PubMedCrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Blanchard C, Wang N, Stringer KF, Mishra A, Fulkerson PC, Abonia JP, Jameson SC, Kirby C, Konikoff MR, Collins MH, Cohen MB, Akers R, Hogan SP, Assa’ad AH, Putnam PE, Aronow BJ, Rothenberg M. Eotaxin-3 and a uniquely conserved gene-expression profile in eosinophilic esophagitis. J Clin Invest. 2006;116(2):536–47.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Blanchard C, Wang N, Stringer KF, Mishra A, Fulkerson PC, Abonia JP, Jameson SC, Kirby C, Konikoff MR, Collins MH, Cohen MB, Akers R, Hogan SP, Assa’ad AH, Putnam PE, Aronow BJ, Rothenberg M. Eotaxin-3 and a uniquely conserved gene-expression profile in eosinophilic esophagitis. J Clin Invest. 2006;116(2):536–47.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Simon D, Cianferoni A, Spergel JM, et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis is characterized by a non-IgE-mediated food hypersensitivity. Allergy Eur J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;71(5):611–20.CrossRef Simon D, Cianferoni A, Spergel JM, et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis is characterized by a non-IgE-mediated food hypersensitivity. Allergy Eur J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;71(5):611–20.CrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Martín-Muñoz MF, Lucendo AJ, Navarro M, et al. Food allergies and eosinophilic esophagitis—two case studies. Digestion. 2006;74(1):49–54.PubMedCrossRef Martín-Muñoz MF, Lucendo AJ, Navarro M, et al. Food allergies and eosinophilic esophagitis—two case studies. Digestion. 2006;74(1):49–54.PubMedCrossRef
48.
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Comeau MR, Ziegler SF. The influence of TSLP on the allergic response. Mucosal Immunol. 2010;3(2):138–47.PubMedCrossRef Comeau MR, Ziegler SF. The influence of TSLP on the allergic response. Mucosal Immunol. 2010;3(2):138–47.PubMedCrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Blanchard C, Stucke EM, Burwinkel K, et al. Coordinate interaction between IL-13 and epithelial differentiation cluster genes in eosinophilic esophagitis. J Immunol. 2010;184(7):4033–41.PubMedCrossRef Blanchard C, Stucke EM, Burwinkel K, et al. Coordinate interaction between IL-13 and epithelial differentiation cluster genes in eosinophilic esophagitis. J Immunol. 2010;184(7):4033–41.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Philpott H, Nandurkar S, Royce SG, Thien F, Gibson PR. Risk factors for eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2014;44(8):1012–9.PubMedCrossRef Philpott H, Nandurkar S, Royce SG, Thien F, Gibson PR. Risk factors for eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2014;44(8):1012–9.PubMedCrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Straumann A, Aceves SS, Blanchard C, et al. Pediatric and adult eosinophilic esophagitis: similarities and differences. Allergy Eur J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;67(4):477–90.CrossRef Straumann A, Aceves SS, Blanchard C, et al. Pediatric and adult eosinophilic esophagitis: similarities and differences. Allergy Eur J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;67(4):477–90.CrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Dellon ES, Gibbs WB, Fritchie KJ, et al. Clinical, endoscopic, and histologic findings distinguish eosinophilic esophagitis from gastroesophageal reflux disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;7(12):1305–13.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Dellon ES, Gibbs WB, Fritchie KJ, et al. Clinical, endoscopic, and histologic findings distinguish eosinophilic esophagitis from gastroesophageal reflux disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;7(12):1305–13.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Dellon ES, Kim HP, Sperry SLW, Rybnicek DA, Woosley JT, Shaheen NJ. A phenotypic analysis shows that eosinophilic esophagitis is a progressive fibrostenotic disease. Gastrointest Endosc. 2014;79(4):577–585.e4.PubMedCrossRef Dellon ES, Kim HP, Sperry SLW, Rybnicek DA, Woosley JT, Shaheen NJ. A phenotypic analysis shows that eosinophilic esophagitis is a progressive fibrostenotic disease. Gastrointest Endosc. 2014;79(4):577–585.e4.PubMedCrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Schoepfer AM, Safroneeva E, Bussmann C, et al. Delay in diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis increases risk for stricture formation in a time-dependent manner. Gastroenterology. 2013;145(6):1230–6.PubMedCrossRef Schoepfer AM, Safroneeva E, Bussmann C, et al. Delay in diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis increases risk for stricture formation in a time-dependent manner. Gastroenterology. 2013;145(6):1230–6.PubMedCrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Korsapati H, Babaei A, Bhargava V, Dohil R, Quin A, Mittal RK. Dysfunction of the longitudinal muscles of the oesophagus in eosinophilic oesophagitis. Gut. 2009;58(8):1056–62.PubMedCrossRef Korsapati H, Babaei A, Bhargava V, Dohil R, Quin A, Mittal RK. Dysfunction of the longitudinal muscles of the oesophagus in eosinophilic oesophagitis. Gut. 2009;58(8):1056–62.PubMedCrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Roman S, Hirano I, Kwiatek MA, Gonsalves N, Chen J, Kahrilas PJ, Pandolfino JE. Manometric features of eosinophilic esophagitis in esophageal pressure topograpy. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2011;23(3):208-e111.CrossRef Roman S, Hirano I, Kwiatek MA, Gonsalves N, Chen J, Kahrilas PJ, Pandolfino JE. Manometric features of eosinophilic esophagitis in esophageal pressure topograpy. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2011;23(3):208-e111.CrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Francis DL, Foxx-Orenstein A, Arora AS, et al. Results of ambulatory pH monitoring do not reliably predict response to therapy in patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012;35(2):300–7.PubMedCrossRef Francis DL, Foxx-Orenstein A, Arora AS, et al. Results of ambulatory pH monitoring do not reliably predict response to therapy in patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012;35(2):300–7.PubMedCrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Kwiatek MA, Hirano I, Kahrilas PJ, Rothe J, Luger D, Pandolfino JE. Mechanical properties of the esophagus in eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterology. 2011;140(1):82–90.PubMedCrossRef Kwiatek MA, Hirano I, Kahrilas PJ, Rothe J, Luger D, Pandolfino JE. Mechanical properties of the esophagus in eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterology. 2011;140(1):82–90.PubMedCrossRef
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Larsson H, Norder Grusell E, Tegtmeyer B, Ruth M, Bergquist H, Bove M. Grade of eosinophilia versus symptoms in patients with dysphagia and esophageal eosinophilia. Dis Esophagus. 2016;29(8):971–6.PubMedCrossRef Larsson H, Norder Grusell E, Tegtmeyer B, Ruth M, Bergquist H, Bove M. Grade of eosinophilia versus symptoms in patients with dysphagia and esophageal eosinophilia. Dis Esophagus. 2016;29(8):971–6.PubMedCrossRef
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Nicodème F, Hirano I, Chen J, Robinson K, Lin Z, Xiao Y, Gonsalves N, Kwasny MJ, Kahrilas PJ, Pandolfino JE. Esophageal distensibility as a measure of disease severity in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;11(9):1101–1107.e1.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Nicodème F, Hirano I, Chen J, Robinson K, Lin Z, Xiao Y, Gonsalves N, Kwasny MJ, Kahrilas PJ, Pandolfino JE. Esophageal distensibility as a measure of disease severity in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;11(9):1101–1107.e1.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Byrne KR, Panagiotakis PH, Hilden K, Thomas KL, Peterson KA, Fang JC. Retrospective analysis of esophageal food impaction: differences in etiology by age and gender. Dig Dis Sci. 2007;52(3):717–21.PubMedCrossRef Byrne KR, Panagiotakis PH, Hilden K, Thomas KL, Peterson KA, Fang JC. Retrospective analysis of esophageal food impaction: differences in etiology by age and gender. Dig Dis Sci. 2007;52(3):717–21.PubMedCrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Lucendo AJ, Friginal-Ruiz AB, Rodríguez B. Boerhaave’s syndrome as the primary manifestation of adult eosinophilic esophagitis. Two case reports and a review of the literature. Dis Esophagus. 2011;24(2):11–5.CrossRef Lucendo AJ, Friginal-Ruiz AB, Rodríguez B. Boerhaave’s syndrome as the primary manifestation of adult eosinophilic esophagitis. Two case reports and a review of the literature. Dis Esophagus. 2011;24(2):11–5.CrossRef
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Poh CH, Gasiorowska A, Navarro-Rodriguez T, et al. Upper GI tract findings in patients with heartburn in whom proton pump inhibitor treatment failed versus those not receiving antireflux treatment. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71(1):28–34.PubMedCrossRef Poh CH, Gasiorowska A, Navarro-Rodriguez T, et al. Upper GI tract findings in patients with heartburn in whom proton pump inhibitor treatment failed versus those not receiving antireflux treatment. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71(1):28–34.PubMedCrossRef
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Garcia-Compean D, Gonzalez JAG, Garcia CAM, et al. Prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in patients with refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms: a prospective study. Dig Liver Dis. 2011;43(3):204–8.PubMedCrossRef Garcia-Compean D, Gonzalez JAG, Garcia CAM, et al. Prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in patients with refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms: a prospective study. Dig Liver Dis. 2011;43(3):204–8.PubMedCrossRef
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Spechler SJ, Genta RM, Souza RF. Thoughts on the complex relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and eosinophilic esophagitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102(6):1301–6.PubMedCrossRef Spechler SJ, Genta RM, Souza RF. Thoughts on the complex relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and eosinophilic esophagitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102(6):1301–6.PubMedCrossRef
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Dellon ES, Gonsalves N, Hirano I, Furuta GT, Liacouras CA, Katzka DA. ACG clinical guideline: evidenced based approach to the diagnosis and management of esophageal eosinophilia and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108(5):679–92 (quiz 693).PubMedCrossRef Dellon ES, Gonsalves N, Hirano I, Furuta GT, Liacouras CA, Katzka DA. ACG clinical guideline: evidenced based approach to the diagnosis and management of esophageal eosinophilia and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108(5):679–92 (quiz 693).PubMedCrossRef
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Kinoshita Y, Ishimura N, Oshima N, et al. Recent progress in the research of eosinophilic esophagitis and gastroenteritis. Digestion. 2016;93(1):7–12.PubMedCrossRef Kinoshita Y, Ishimura N, Oshima N, et al. Recent progress in the research of eosinophilic esophagitis and gastroenteritis. Digestion. 2016;93(1):7–12.PubMedCrossRef
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Hirashima Y, Kitajima K, Sugi S, et al. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis in the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine in a patient with a choking feeling in the esophagus. Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi. 2007;104:660–5.PubMed Hirashima Y, Kitajima K, Sugi S, et al. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis in the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine in a patient with a choking feeling in the esophagus. Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi. 2007;104:660–5.PubMed
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Ishimura N, Furuta K, Sato S, Ishihara S, Kinoshita Y. Limited role of allergy testing in patients with eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;28(8):1306–13.PubMedCrossRef Ishimura N, Furuta K, Sato S, Ishihara S, Kinoshita Y. Limited role of allergy testing in patients with eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;28(8):1306–13.PubMedCrossRef
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Straumann A, Spichtin HP, Grize L, Bucher KA, Beglinger C, Simon HU. Natural history of primary eosinophilic esophagitis: a follow-up of 30 adult patients for up to 11.5 years. Gastroenterology. 2003;125(6):1660–9.PubMedCrossRef Straumann A, Spichtin HP, Grize L, Bucher KA, Beglinger C, Simon HU. Natural history of primary eosinophilic esophagitis: a follow-up of 30 adult patients for up to 11.5 years. Gastroenterology. 2003;125(6):1660–9.PubMedCrossRef
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Konikoff MR, Blanchard C, Kirby C, Buckmeier BK, Cohen MB, Heubi JE, Putnam PE, Rothenberg ME. Potential of blood eosinophils, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, and eotaxin-3 as biomarkers of eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;4(11):1328–36.PubMedCrossRef Konikoff MR, Blanchard C, Kirby C, Buckmeier BK, Cohen MB, Heubi JE, Putnam PE, Rothenberg ME. Potential of blood eosinophils, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, and eotaxin-3 as biomarkers of eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;4(11):1328–36.PubMedCrossRef
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Roy-Ghanta S, Larosa DF, Katzka DA. Atopic characteristics of adult patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;6(5):531–5.PubMedCrossRef Roy-Ghanta S, Larosa DF, Katzka DA. Atopic characteristics of adult patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;6(5):531–5.PubMedCrossRef
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Penfield JD, Lang DM, Goldblum JR, Lopez RFG. The role of allergy evaluation in adults with eosinophilic esophagitis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2010;44(1):22–7.PubMedCrossRef Penfield JD, Lang DM, Goldblum JR, Lopez RFG. The role of allergy evaluation in adults with eosinophilic esophagitis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2010;44(1):22–7.PubMedCrossRef
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Kagalwalla AF, Sentongo TA, Ritz S, et al. Effect of six-food elimination diet on clinical and histologic outcomes in eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;4(9):1097–102.PubMedCrossRef Kagalwalla AF, Sentongo TA, Ritz S, et al. Effect of six-food elimination diet on clinical and histologic outcomes in eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;4(9):1097–102.PubMedCrossRef
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Gonsalves N, Yang GY, Doerfler B, Ritz S, Ditto AM, Hirano I. Elimination diet effectively treats eosinophilic esophagitis in adults: food reintroduction identifies causative factors. Gastroenterology. 2012;142(7):1451–1459.e1.PubMedCrossRef Gonsalves N, Yang GY, Doerfler B, Ritz S, Ditto AM, Hirano I. Elimination diet effectively treats eosinophilic esophagitis in adults: food reintroduction identifies causative factors. Gastroenterology. 2012;142(7):1451–1459.e1.PubMedCrossRef
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Molina-Infante J, Arias A, Barrio J, Rodríguez-Sánchez J, Sanchez-Cazalilla M, Lucendo AJ. Four-food group elimination diet for adult eosinophilic esophagitis: a prospective multicenter study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;134(5):1093–1099.e1.PubMedCrossRef Molina-Infante J, Arias A, Barrio J, Rodríguez-Sánchez J, Sanchez-Cazalilla M, Lucendo AJ. Four-food group elimination diet for adult eosinophilic esophagitis: a prospective multicenter study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;134(5):1093–1099.e1.PubMedCrossRef
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim HP, Vance RB, Shaheen NJ, Dellon ES. The prevalence and diagnostic utility of endoscopic features of eosinophilic esophagitis: a meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;10(9):988–96.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Kim HP, Vance RB, Shaheen NJ, Dellon ES. The prevalence and diagnostic utility of endoscopic features of eosinophilic esophagitis: a meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;10(9):988–96.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Samadi F, Levine MS, Rubesin SE, Katzka DA, Laufer I. Feline esophagus and gastroesophageal reflux. Am J Roentgenol. 2010;194(4):972–6.CrossRef Samadi F, Levine MS, Rubesin SE, Katzka DA, Laufer I. Feline esophagus and gastroesophageal reflux. Am J Roentgenol. 2010;194(4):972–6.CrossRef
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Odze RD. Pathology of eosinophilic esophagitis: what the clinician needs to know. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104(2):485–90.PubMedCrossRef Odze RD. Pathology of eosinophilic esophagitis: what the clinician needs to know. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104(2):485–90.PubMedCrossRef
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Infante JM, Lamana LF. Eosinophilic esophagitis misdiagnosed twice as esophageal candidiasis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71(2):394–5.PubMedCrossRef Infante JM, Lamana LF. Eosinophilic esophagitis misdiagnosed twice as esophageal candidiasis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71(2):394–5.PubMedCrossRef
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Kanakala V, Lamb CA, Haigh C, Stirling RW, Attwood SE. The diagnosis of primary eosinophilic oesophagitis in adults: missed or misinterpreted? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;22(7):848–55.PubMedCrossRef Kanakala V, Lamb CA, Haigh C, Stirling RW, Attwood SE. The diagnosis of primary eosinophilic oesophagitis in adults: missed or misinterpreted? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;22(7):848–55.PubMedCrossRef
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Hirano I, Moy N, Heckman MG, Thomas CS, Gonsalves N, Achem SR. Endoscopic assessment of the oesophageal features of eosinophilic oesophagitis: validation of a novel classification and grading system. Gut. 2013;62(4):489–95.PubMedCrossRef Hirano I, Moy N, Heckman MG, Thomas CS, Gonsalves N, Achem SR. Endoscopic assessment of the oesophageal features of eosinophilic oesophagitis: validation of a novel classification and grading system. Gut. 2013;62(4):489–95.PubMedCrossRef
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Mulder DJ, Gander S, Hurlbut DJ, Soboleski DA, Smith RG, Justinich CJ. Multiple squamous hyperplastic-fibrous inflammatory polyps of the oesophagus: a new feature of eosinophilic oesophagitis? J Clin Pathol. 2009;62:845–6. doi:10.1136/jcp.2009.066100.PubMedCrossRef Mulder DJ, Gander S, Hurlbut DJ, Soboleski DA, Smith RG, Justinich CJ. Multiple squamous hyperplastic-fibrous inflammatory polyps of the oesophagus: a new feature of eosinophilic oesophagitis? J Clin Pathol. 2009;62:845–6. doi:10.​1136/​jcp.​2009.​066100.PubMedCrossRef
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Gill JA, Shutter J, Brady P. A rare endoscopic feature of eosinophilic esophagitis. Endoscopy. 2011;43:E17.PubMedCrossRef Gill JA, Shutter J, Brady P. A rare endoscopic feature of eosinophilic esophagitis. Endoscopy. 2011;43:E17.PubMedCrossRef
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Potter JW, Saeian K, Staff D, Massey BT, Komorowski RA, Shaker RHW. Eosinophilic esophagitis in adults: an emerging problem with unique esophageal features. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004;59(3):355–61.PubMedCrossRef Potter JW, Saeian K, Staff D, Massey BT, Komorowski RA, Shaker RHW. Eosinophilic esophagitis in adults: an emerging problem with unique esophageal features. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004;59(3):355–61.PubMedCrossRef
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Remedios M, Campbell C, Jones DM, Kerlin P. Eosinophilic esophagitis in adults: clinical, endoscopic, histologic findings, and response to treatment with fluticasone propionate. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;63(1):3–12.PubMedCrossRef Remedios M, Campbell C, Jones DM, Kerlin P. Eosinophilic esophagitis in adults: clinical, endoscopic, histologic findings, and response to treatment with fluticasone propionate. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;63(1):3–12.PubMedCrossRef
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Genevay M, Rubbia-Brandt L, Rougemont AL. Do eosinophil numbers differentiate eosinophilic esophagitis from gastroesophageal reflux disease? Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2010;134(6):815–25.PubMed Genevay M, Rubbia-Brandt L, Rougemont AL. Do eosinophil numbers differentiate eosinophilic esophagitis from gastroesophageal reflux disease? Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2010;134(6):815–25.PubMed
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Peery AF, Cao H, Dominik R, Shaheen NJ, Dellon ES. Variable reliability of endoscopic findings with white-light and narrow-band imaging for patients with suspected eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;9(6):475–80.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Peery AF, Cao H, Dominik R, Shaheen NJ, Dellon ES. Variable reliability of endoscopic findings with white-light and narrow-band imaging for patients with suspected eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;9(6):475–80.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
93.
Zurück zum Zitat van Rhijn BD, Warners MJ, Curvers WL, van Lent AU, Bekkali NLTR, Kloek JJ, Bergman JJ, Fockens PBA. Evaluating the endoscopic reference score for eosinophilic esophagitis: moderate to substantial intra- and interobserver reliability. Endoscopy. 2014;46(12):1049–55.PubMedCrossRef van Rhijn BD, Warners MJ, Curvers WL, van Lent AU, Bekkali NLTR, Kloek JJ, Bergman JJ, Fockens PBA. Evaluating the endoscopic reference score for eosinophilic esophagitis: moderate to substantial intra- and interobserver reliability. Endoscopy. 2014;46(12):1049–55.PubMedCrossRef
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Hirano I. Role of advanced diagnostics for eosinophilic esophagitis. Dig Dis. 2014;32(1–2):78–83.PubMedCrossRef Hirano I. Role of advanced diagnostics for eosinophilic esophagitis. Dig Dis. 2014;32(1–2):78–83.PubMedCrossRef
95.
Zurück zum Zitat van Rhijn BD, Verheij J, Smout AJPM, Bredenoord AJ. The endoscopic reference score shows modest accuracy to predict histologic remission in adult patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2016;28(11):1714–22.PubMedCrossRef van Rhijn BD, Verheij J, Smout AJPM, Bredenoord AJ. The endoscopic reference score shows modest accuracy to predict histologic remission in adult patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2016;28(11):1714–22.PubMedCrossRef
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Dellon ES, Cotton CC, Gebhart JH, Higgins LL, Beitia R, Woosley JT, Shaheen NJ. Accuracy of the eosinophilic esophagitis endoscopic reference score in diagnosis and determining response to treatment. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;14(1):31–9.PubMedCrossRef Dellon ES, Cotton CC, Gebhart JH, Higgins LL, Beitia R, Woosley JT, Shaheen NJ. Accuracy of the eosinophilic esophagitis endoscopic reference score in diagnosis and determining response to treatment. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;14(1):31–9.PubMedCrossRef
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Gonsalves N, Policarpio-Nicolas M, Zhang Q, Rao MS, Hirano I. Histopathologic variability and endoscopic correlates in adults with eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;64(3):313–9.PubMedCrossRef Gonsalves N, Policarpio-Nicolas M, Zhang Q, Rao MS, Hirano I. Histopathologic variability and endoscopic correlates in adults with eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;64(3):313–9.PubMedCrossRef
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Matsushita T, Maruyama R, Ishikawa N, et al. The number and distribution of eosinophils in the adult human gastrointestinal tract: a study and comparison of racial and environmental factors. Am J Surg Pathol. 2015;39(4):521–7. doi:10.1097/PAS.0000000000000370.PubMedCrossRef Matsushita T, Maruyama R, Ishikawa N, et al. The number and distribution of eosinophils in the adult human gastrointestinal tract: a study and comparison of racial and environmental factors. Am J Surg Pathol. 2015;39(4):521–7. doi:10.​1097/​PAS.​0000000000000370​.PubMedCrossRef
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Kato M, Kephart GM, Talley NJ, Wagner JM, Sarr MG, Bonno M, McGovern TW, Gleich GJ. Eosinophil infiltration and degranulation in normal human tissue. Anat Rec. 1998;252(3):418–25.PubMedCrossRef Kato M, Kephart GM, Talley NJ, Wagner JM, Sarr MG, Bonno M, McGovern TW, Gleich GJ. Eosinophil infiltration and degranulation in normal human tissue. Anat Rec. 1998;252(3):418–25.PubMedCrossRef
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Winter HS, Madara JL, Stafford RJ, et al. Intraepithelial eosinophils: anewdiagnostic criterion for refluxesophagitis. Gastroenterology. 1982;83:818–23.PubMed Winter HS, Madara JL, Stafford RJ, et al. Intraepithelial eosinophils: anewdiagnostic criterion for refluxesophagitis. Gastroenterology. 1982;83:818–23.PubMed
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Parfitt JR, Gregor JC, Suskin NG, Jawa HA, Driman DK. Eosinophilic esophagitis in adults: distinguishing features from gastroesophageal reflux disease: a study of 41 patients. Mod Pathol. 2006;19:90–6.PubMedCrossRef Parfitt JR, Gregor JC, Suskin NG, Jawa HA, Driman DK. Eosinophilic esophagitis in adults: distinguishing features from gastroesophageal reflux disease: a study of 41 patients. Mod Pathol. 2006;19:90–6.PubMedCrossRef
102.
Zurück zum Zitat Dellon ES, Aderoju A, Woosley JT, Sandler RS, Shaheen NJ. Variability in diagnostic criteria for eosinophilic esophagitis: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102(10):2300–13.PubMedCrossRef Dellon ES, Aderoju A, Woosley JT, Sandler RS, Shaheen NJ. Variability in diagnostic criteria for eosinophilic esophagitis: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102(10):2300–13.PubMedCrossRef
103.
Zurück zum Zitat Saffari H, Peterson KA, Fang JC, Teman C, Gleich GJ, Pease LF. Patchy eosinophil distributions in an esophagectomy specimen from a patient with eosinophilic esophagitis: implications for endoscopic biopsy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;130(3):798–800.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Saffari H, Peterson KA, Fang JC, Teman C, Gleich GJ, Pease LF. Patchy eosinophil distributions in an esophagectomy specimen from a patient with eosinophilic esophagitis: implications for endoscopic biopsy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;130(3):798–800.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Salek J, Clayton F, Vinson L, et al. Endoscopic appearance and location dictate diagnostic yield of biopsies in eosinophilic oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;41(12):1288–95.PubMedCrossRef Salek J, Clayton F, Vinson L, et al. Endoscopic appearance and location dictate diagnostic yield of biopsies in eosinophilic oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;41(12):1288–95.PubMedCrossRef
105.
Zurück zum Zitat Straumann A, Spichtin HP, Bucher KA, Heer P, Simon HU. Eosinophilic esophagitis: red on microscopy, white on endoscopy. Digestion. 2004;70(2):109–16.PubMedCrossRef Straumann A, Spichtin HP, Bucher KA, Heer P, Simon HU. Eosinophilic esophagitis: red on microscopy, white on endoscopy. Digestion. 2004;70(2):109–16.PubMedCrossRef
106.
Zurück zum Zitat Okimoto E, Ishimura N, Okada M, et al. Specific locations of linear furrows in patients with esophageal eosinophilia. Dig Endosc. 2017;29(1):49–56.PubMedCrossRef Okimoto E, Ishimura N, Okada M, et al. Specific locations of linear furrows in patients with esophageal eosinophilia. Dig Endosc. 2017;29(1):49–56.PubMedCrossRef
107.
Zurück zum Zitat Ravi K, Talley NJ, Smyrk TC, et al. Low grade esophageal eosinophilia in adults: an unrecognized part of the spectrum of eosinophilic esophagitis? Dig Dis Sci. 2011;56(7):1981–6.PubMedCrossRef Ravi K, Talley NJ, Smyrk TC, et al. Low grade esophageal eosinophilia in adults: an unrecognized part of the spectrum of eosinophilic esophagitis? Dig Dis Sci. 2011;56(7):1981–6.PubMedCrossRef
108.
109.
Zurück zum Zitat Schoepfer AM, Straumann A, Panczak R, et al. Development and validation of a symptom-based activity index for adults with eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterology. 2014;147(6):1255–1266.e21.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Schoepfer AM, Straumann A, Panczak R, et al. Development and validation of a symptom-based activity index for adults with eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterology. 2014;147(6):1255–1266.e21.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
110.
Zurück zum Zitat Molina-Infante J, Ferrando-Lamana L, Ripoll C, et al. Esophageal eosinophilic infiltration responds to proton pump inhibition in most adults. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;9(2):110–7.PubMedCrossRef Molina-Infante J, Ferrando-Lamana L, Ripoll C, et al. Esophageal eosinophilic infiltration responds to proton pump inhibition in most adults. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;9(2):110–7.PubMedCrossRef
111.
Zurück zum Zitat Alexander JA, Jung KW, Arora AS, et al. Swallowed fluticasone improves histologic but not symptomatic response of adults with eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;10(7):742–9.PubMedCrossRef Alexander JA, Jung KW, Arora AS, et al. Swallowed fluticasone improves histologic but not symptomatic response of adults with eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;10(7):742–9.PubMedCrossRef
112.
Zurück zum Zitat Arias Á, González-Cervera J, Tenias JM, Lucendo AJ. Efficacy of dietary interventions for inducing histologic remission in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2014;146(7):1639–48.PubMedCrossRef Arias Á, González-Cervera J, Tenias JM, Lucendo AJ. Efficacy of dietary interventions for inducing histologic remission in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2014;146(7):1639–48.PubMedCrossRef
113.
Zurück zum Zitat Hirano I. 2015 David Y. Graham lecture: the first two decades of eosinophilic esophagitis-from acid reflux to food allergy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016;111(6):770–6.PubMedCrossRef Hirano I. 2015 David Y. Graham lecture: the first two decades of eosinophilic esophagitis-from acid reflux to food allergy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016;111(6):770–6.PubMedCrossRef
114.
Zurück zum Zitat Ngo P, Furuta GT, Antonioli DA, Fox VL. Eosinophils in the esophagus—peptic or allergic eosinophilic esophagitis? Case series of three patients with esophageal eosinophilia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101(7):1666–70.PubMedCrossRef Ngo P, Furuta GT, Antonioli DA, Fox VL. Eosinophils in the esophagus—peptic or allergic eosinophilic esophagitis? Case series of three patients with esophageal eosinophilia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101(7):1666–70.PubMedCrossRef
115.
Zurück zum Zitat Dellon ES, Speck O, Woodward K, et al. Clinical and endoscopic characteristics do not reliably differentiate PPI-responsive esophageal eosinophilia and eosinophilic esophagitis in patients undergoing upper endoscopy: a prospective cohort study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108(12):1854–60.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Dellon ES, Speck O, Woodward K, et al. Clinical and endoscopic characteristics do not reliably differentiate PPI-responsive esophageal eosinophilia and eosinophilic esophagitis in patients undergoing upper endoscopy: a prospective cohort study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108(12):1854–60.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
116.
Zurück zum Zitat Molina-Infante J, Bredenoord AJ, Cheng E, et al. Proton pump inhibitor-responsive oesophageal eosinophilia: an entity challenging current diagnostic criteria for eosinophilic oesophagitis. Gut. 2016;65(3):524–31.PubMedCrossRef Molina-Infante J, Bredenoord AJ, Cheng E, et al. Proton pump inhibitor-responsive oesophageal eosinophilia: an entity challenging current diagnostic criteria for eosinophilic oesophagitis. Gut. 2016;65(3):524–31.PubMedCrossRef
117.
Zurück zum Zitat Moawad FJ, Veerappan GR, Wong RK. Eosinophilic esophagitis. Dig Dis Sci. 2009;54(9):1818–28.PubMedCrossRef Moawad FJ, Veerappan GR, Wong RK. Eosinophilic esophagitis. Dig Dis Sci. 2009;54(9):1818–28.PubMedCrossRef
118.
Zurück zum Zitat van Rhijn BD, Weijenborg PW, Verheij J, et al. Proton pump inhibitors partially restore mucosal integrity in patients with proton pump inhibitor-responsive esophageal eosinophilia but not eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;12(11):1815–23.PubMedCrossRef van Rhijn BD, Weijenborg PW, Verheij J, et al. Proton pump inhibitors partially restore mucosal integrity in patients with proton pump inhibitor-responsive esophageal eosinophilia but not eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;12(11):1815–23.PubMedCrossRef
119.
Zurück zum Zitat Kedika RR, Souza RF, Spechler SJ. Potential anti-inflammatory effects of proton pump inhibitors: a review and discussion of the clinical implications. Dig Dis Sci. 2009;54(11):2312–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Kedika RR, Souza RF, Spechler SJ. Potential anti-inflammatory effects of proton pump inhibitors: a review and discussion of the clinical implications. Dig Dis Sci. 2009;54(11):2312–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
120.
Zurück zum Zitat Cheng E, Zhang X, Huo X, Yu C, Zhang Q, Wang DH, Spechler SJ, Souza RF. Omeprazole blocks eotaxin-3 expression by oesophageal squamous cells from patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis and GORD. Gut. 2013;62(6):824–32.PubMedCrossRef Cheng E, Zhang X, Huo X, Yu C, Zhang Q, Wang DH, Spechler SJ, Souza RF. Omeprazole blocks eotaxin-3 expression by oesophageal squamous cells from patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis and GORD. Gut. 2013;62(6):824–32.PubMedCrossRef
121.
Zurück zum Zitat Hirano I. Editorial: should patients with suspected eosinophilic esophagitis undergo a therapeutic trial of proton pump inhibition? Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108(3):373–5.PubMedCrossRef Hirano I. Editorial: should patients with suspected eosinophilic esophagitis undergo a therapeutic trial of proton pump inhibition? Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108(3):373–5.PubMedCrossRef
122.
Zurück zum Zitat Lucendo AJ, Arias Á, Molina-Infante J. Efficacy of proton pump inhibitor drugs for inducing clinical and histologic remission in patients with symptomatic esophageal eosinophilia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;14(1):13–22.e1.PubMedCrossRef Lucendo AJ, Arias Á, Molina-Infante J. Efficacy of proton pump inhibitor drugs for inducing clinical and histologic remission in patients with symptomatic esophageal eosinophilia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;14(1):13–22.e1.PubMedCrossRef
123.
Zurück zum Zitat Wen T, Dellon ES, Moawad FJ, Furuta GT, Aceves SS, Rothenberg ME. Transcriptome analysis of proton pump inhibitor-responsive esophageal eosinophilia reveals proton pump inhibitor-reversible allergic inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;135(1):187–97.PubMedCrossRef Wen T, Dellon ES, Moawad FJ, Furuta GT, Aceves SS, Rothenberg ME. Transcriptome analysis of proton pump inhibitor-responsive esophageal eosinophilia reveals proton pump inhibitor-reversible allergic inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;135(1):187–97.PubMedCrossRef
124.
Zurück zum Zitat Jiao D, Ishimura N, Maruyama R, et al. Similarities and differences among eosinophilic esophagitis, proton-pump inhibitor-responsive esophageal eosinophilia, and reflux esophagitis: comparisons of clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological findings in Japanese patients. J Gastroenterol. 2017;52(2):203–10. doi:10.1007/s00535-016-1213-1.PubMedCrossRef Jiao D, Ishimura N, Maruyama R, et al. Similarities and differences among eosinophilic esophagitis, proton-pump inhibitor-responsive esophageal eosinophilia, and reflux esophagitis: comparisons of clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological findings in Japanese patients. J Gastroenterol. 2017;52(2):203–10. doi:10.​1007/​s00535-016-1213-1.PubMedCrossRef
125.
Zurück zum Zitat Molina-Infante J, Rodriguez-Sanchez J, Martinek J, et al. Long-term loss of response in proton pump inhibitor-responsive esophageal eosinophilia is uncommon and influenced by CYP2C19 genotype and rhinoconjunctivitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015;110(11):1567–75.PubMedCrossRef Molina-Infante J, Rodriguez-Sanchez J, Martinek J, et al. Long-term loss of response in proton pump inhibitor-responsive esophageal eosinophilia is uncommon and influenced by CYP2C19 genotype and rhinoconjunctivitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015;110(11):1567–75.PubMedCrossRef
126.
Zurück zum Zitat Gõmez-Torrijos E, García-Rodríguez R, Castro-Jiménez A, Rodríguez-Sanchez J, Méndez Díaz Y, Molina-Infante J. The efficacy of step-down therapy in adult patients with proton pump inhibitor-responsive oesophageal eosinophilia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016;43(4):534–40.PubMedCrossRef Gõmez-Torrijos E, García-Rodríguez R, Castro-Jiménez A, Rodríguez-Sanchez J, Méndez Díaz Y, Molina-Infante J. The efficacy of step-down therapy in adult patients with proton pump inhibitor-responsive oesophageal eosinophilia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016;43(4):534–40.PubMedCrossRef
127.
Zurück zum Zitat Dohil R, Aceves S, Newbury RO. Transient PPI responsive esophageal eosinophilia may be a clinical sub-phenotype of pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis. Dig Dis Sci. 2012;57(5):1413–9.PubMedCrossRef Dohil R, Aceves S, Newbury RO. Transient PPI responsive esophageal eosinophilia may be a clinical sub-phenotype of pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis. Dig Dis Sci. 2012;57(5):1413–9.PubMedCrossRef
128.
Zurück zum Zitat Aceves SS, Bastian JF, Newbury RO, Dohil R. Oral viscous budesonide: a potential new therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis in children. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102(10):2271–9.PubMedCrossRef Aceves SS, Bastian JF, Newbury RO, Dohil R. Oral viscous budesonide: a potential new therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis in children. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102(10):2271–9.PubMedCrossRef
129.
Zurück zum Zitat Dellon ES, Sheikh A, Speck O, et al. Viscous topical is more effective than nebulized steroid therapy for patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterology. 2012;143(2):321–4.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Dellon ES, Sheikh A, Speck O, et al. Viscous topical is more effective than nebulized steroid therapy for patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterology. 2012;143(2):321–4.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
131.
Zurück zum Zitat Lipka S, Kumar A, Miladinovic B, Richter JE. Systematic review with network meta-analysis: comparative effectiveness of topical steroids vs. PPIs for the treatment of the spectrum of eosinophilic oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016;43(6):663–73.PubMedCrossRef Lipka S, Kumar A, Miladinovic B, Richter JE. Systematic review with network meta-analysis: comparative effectiveness of topical steroids vs. PPIs for the treatment of the spectrum of eosinophilic oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016;43(6):663–73.PubMedCrossRef
132.
Zurück zum Zitat Sawas T, Dhalla S, Sayyar M, Pasricha PJ, Hernaez R. Systematic review with meta-analysis: pharmacological interventions for eosinophilic oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;41(9):797–806.PubMedCrossRef Sawas T, Dhalla S, Sayyar M, Pasricha PJ, Hernaez R. Systematic review with meta-analysis: pharmacological interventions for eosinophilic oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;41(9):797–806.PubMedCrossRef
133.
Zurück zum Zitat Murali AR, Gupta A, Attar BM, Ravi V, Koduru P. Topical steroids in eosinophilic esophagitis: systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;31(6):1111–9.PubMedCrossRef Murali AR, Gupta A, Attar BM, Ravi V, Koduru P. Topical steroids in eosinophilic esophagitis: systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;31(6):1111–9.PubMedCrossRef
134.
Zurück zum Zitat Straumann A, Conus S, Degen L, et al. Long-term budesonide maintenance treatment is partially effective for patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;9(5):400–409.e1.PubMedCrossRef Straumann A, Conus S, Degen L, et al. Long-term budesonide maintenance treatment is partially effective for patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;9(5):400–409.e1.PubMedCrossRef
135.
Zurück zum Zitat Lucendo AJ, Arias Á, De Rezende LC, et al. Subepithelial collagen deposition, profibrogenic cytokine gene expression, and changes after prolonged fluticasone propionate treatment in adult eosinophilic esophagitis: a prospective study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;128(5):1037–46.PubMedCrossRef Lucendo AJ, Arias Á, De Rezende LC, et al. Subepithelial collagen deposition, profibrogenic cytokine gene expression, and changes after prolonged fluticasone propionate treatment in adult eosinophilic esophagitis: a prospective study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;128(5):1037–46.PubMedCrossRef
136.
Zurück zum Zitat Chuang MYA, Chinnaratha MA, Hancock DG, et al. Topical steroid therapy for the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2015;6(3):e82.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Chuang MYA, Chinnaratha MA, Hancock DG, et al. Topical steroid therapy for the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2015;6(3):e82.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
137.
Zurück zum Zitat Kuchen T, Straumann A, Safroneeva E, et al. Swallowed topical corticosteroids reduce the risk for long-lasting bolus impactions in eosinophilic esophagitis. Allergy. 2014;69(9):1248–54.PubMedCrossRef Kuchen T, Straumann A, Safroneeva E, et al. Swallowed topical corticosteroids reduce the risk for long-lasting bolus impactions in eosinophilic esophagitis. Allergy. 2014;69(9):1248–54.PubMedCrossRef
138.
Zurück zum Zitat Schaefer ET, Fitzgerald JF, Molleston JP, et al. Comparison of oral prednisone and topical fluticasone in the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis: a randomized trial in children. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;6(2):165–73.PubMedCrossRef Schaefer ET, Fitzgerald JF, Molleston JP, et al. Comparison of oral prednisone and topical fluticasone in the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis: a randomized trial in children. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;6(2):165–73.PubMedCrossRef
139.
Zurück zum Zitat Helou EF, Simonson J, Arora AS. 3-Yr-follow-up of topical corticosteroid treatment for eosinophilic esophagitis in adults. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103(9):2194–9.PubMedCrossRef Helou EF, Simonson J, Arora AS. 3-Yr-follow-up of topical corticosteroid treatment for eosinophilic esophagitis in adults. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103(9):2194–9.PubMedCrossRef
140.
Zurück zum Zitat Golekoh MC, Hornung LN, Mukkada VA, Khoury JC, Putnam PE, Backeljauw PF. Adrenal insufficiency after chronic swallowed glucocorticoid therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis. J Pediatr. 2016;170:240–5.PubMedCrossRef Golekoh MC, Hornung LN, Mukkada VA, Khoury JC, Putnam PE, Backeljauw PF. Adrenal insufficiency after chronic swallowed glucocorticoid therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis. J Pediatr. 2016;170:240–5.PubMedCrossRef
141.
Zurück zum Zitat Pasha SF, Acosta RD, Chandrasekhara V, et al. The role of endoscopy in the evaluation and management of dysphagia. Gastrointest Endosc. 2014;79(2):191–201.PubMedCrossRef Pasha SF, Acosta RD, Chandrasekhara V, et al. The role of endoscopy in the evaluation and management of dysphagia. Gastrointest Endosc. 2014;79(2):191–201.PubMedCrossRef
142.
Zurück zum Zitat Ally MR, Dias J, Veerappan GR, Maydonovitch CL, Wong RK, Moawad FJ. Safety of dilation in adults with eosinophilic esophagitis. Dis Esophagus. 2013;26(3):241–5.PubMedCrossRef Ally MR, Dias J, Veerappan GR, Maydonovitch CL, Wong RK, Moawad FJ. Safety of dilation in adults with eosinophilic esophagitis. Dis Esophagus. 2013;26(3):241–5.PubMedCrossRef
143.
Zurück zum Zitat Runge TM, Eluri S, Cotton CC, et al. Outcomes of esophageal dilation in eosinophilic esophagitis: safety, efficacy, and persistence of the fibrostenotic phenotype. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016;111(2):206–13.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Runge TM, Eluri S, Cotton CC, et al. Outcomes of esophageal dilation in eosinophilic esophagitis: safety, efficacy, and persistence of the fibrostenotic phenotype. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016;111(2):206–13.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
144.
Zurück zum Zitat Bohm ME, Richter JE. Review article: oesophageal dilation in adults with eosinophilic oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;33(7):748–57.PubMedCrossRef Bohm ME, Richter JE. Review article: oesophageal dilation in adults with eosinophilic oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;33(7):748–57.PubMedCrossRef
145.
Zurück zum Zitat Jacobs JW, Spechler SJ. A systematic review of the risk of perforation during esophageal dilation for patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55(6):1512–5.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Jacobs JW, Spechler SJ. A systematic review of the risk of perforation during esophageal dilation for patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55(6):1512–5.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
146.
Zurück zum Zitat Dellon ES, Gibbs WB, Rubinas TC, et al. Esophageal dilation in eosinophilic esophagitis: safety and predictors of clinical response and complications. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71(4):706–12.PubMedCrossRef Dellon ES, Gibbs WB, Rubinas TC, et al. Esophageal dilation in eosinophilic esophagitis: safety and predictors of clinical response and complications. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71(4):706–12.PubMedCrossRef
147.
Zurück zum Zitat Schoepfer AM, Gonsalves N, Bussmann C, et al. Esophageal dilation in eosinophilic esophagitis: effectiveness, safety, and impact on the underlying inflammation. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105(5):1062–70.PubMedCrossRef Schoepfer AM, Gonsalves N, Bussmann C, et al. Esophageal dilation in eosinophilic esophagitis: effectiveness, safety, and impact on the underlying inflammation. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105(5):1062–70.PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Diagnosis and treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis in clinical practice
verfasst von
Yasuhiko Abe
Yu Sasaki
Makoto Yagi
Takao Yaoita
Shoichi Nishise
Yoshiyuki Ueno
Publikationsdatum
28.02.2017
Verlag
Springer Japan
Erschienen in
Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology / Ausgabe 2/2017
Print ISSN: 1865-7257
Elektronische ISSN: 1865-7265
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12328-017-0725-4

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2017

Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology 2/2017 Zur Ausgabe

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.