Skip to main content
Erschienen in: European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry 4/2020

10.05.2020 | Systematic Review

Diagnostic efficacy of and indications for intraoral radiographs in pediatric dentistry: a systematic review

verfasst von: J. K. M. Aps, L. Z. Lim, H. J. Tong, B. Kalia, A. M. Chou

Erschienen in: European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry | Ausgabe 4/2020

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose

To systematically evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of intraoral radiographs and evidence supporting the indications for taking of intraoral radiographs in children in the following five clinical categories: caries, pathological conditions (including acute odontogenic infections and periodontal disease), dental/developmental anomalies, dental trauma, and enhancement of comfort/technique for taking radiographs in children. This was carried out to facilitate the updating of existing European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) guidelines on dental radiography in pediatric dentistry.

Methods

A systematic electronic literature search was conducted on Cochrane Library (1992–24 July 2018), MEDLINE (PubMed, 1946–24 July 2018), EMBASE (Embase.com, 1974–24 July 2018) and Scopus (pre-1970–24 July 2018). Hand search of handbooks and grey literature search was also performed. Study screening and study inclusions were agreed upon by three authors. Data extraction, and methodological quality and risk of bias assessment were carried out in duplicate for each of the included studies.

Results

A total of 9581 papers were identified. Following the primary and secondary assessment process, 36 papers were included in the final analysis. The included studies were further categorized into five main clinical categories for analysis: caries, pathological conditions, dental/developmental anomalies, dental trauma and comfort/technique-related studies. Only one paper was found to be of good quality and at low risk of bias; while, 9 papers were found of be at moderate risk of bias and 26 papers were at high risk of bias. Meta-analysis was not possible for any of the aforementioned clinical situations, and only a narrative synthesis was done.

Conclusion

There is insufficient high-quality evidence for the use of intraoral radiographs in pediatric dentistry and current guidelines are based largely on expert opinion. There is a clear need for well-conducted and standardized studies regarding the use of intraoral radiography in pediatric dentistry.
Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Albandar JM, Abbas DK, Waerhaug M, Gjermo P. Comparison between standardized periapical and bitewing radiographs in assessing alveolar bone loss. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1985;13(4):222–5.PubMed Albandar JM, Abbas DK, Waerhaug M, Gjermo P. Comparison between standardized periapical and bitewing radiographs in assessing alveolar bone loss. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1985;13(4):222–5.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Albandar JM, Baghdady VS, Ghose LJ. Periodontal disease progression in teenagers with no preventive dental care provisions. J Clin Periodontol. 1991;18(5):300–4.PubMed Albandar JM, Baghdady VS, Ghose LJ. Periodontal disease progression in teenagers with no preventive dental care provisions. J Clin Periodontol. 1991;18(5):300–4.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD), Review Council. Prescribing dental radiographs for infants, children, adolescents, and individuals with special health care needs. AAPD Ref Man. 2017;39(6):205–7. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD), Review Council. Prescribing dental radiographs for infants, children, adolescents, and individuals with special health care needs. AAPD Ref Man. 2017;39(6):205–7.
Zurück zum Zitat Anderson M, Stecksen-Blicks C, Stenlund H, Ranggard L, Tsilingaridis G, Mejare I. Detection of approximal caries in 5-year-old Swedish children. Caries Res. 2005;39(2):92–9.PubMed Anderson M, Stecksen-Blicks C, Stenlund H, Ranggard L, Tsilingaridis G, Mejare I. Detection of approximal caries in 5-year-old Swedish children. Caries Res. 2005;39(2):92–9.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Aps JKM, Lee J. Radiology. In: Nowak A, Casamassimo P, editors. The handbook of pediatric dentistry. Chicago: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2018. p. 111–124. Aps JKM, Lee J. Radiology. In: Nowak A, Casamassimo P, editors. The handbook of pediatric dentistry. Chicago: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2018. p. 111–124.
Zurück zum Zitat Armstrong C, Johnston C, Burden D, Stevenson M. Localizing ectopic maxillary canines—horizontal or vertical parallax? Eur J Orthod. 2003;25(6):585–9.PubMed Armstrong C, Johnston C, Burden D, Stevenson M. Localizing ectopic maxillary canines—horizontal or vertical parallax? Eur J Orthod. 2003;25(6):585–9.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Cohenca N, Silberman A. Contemporary imaging for the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic dental injuries. A review. Dent Traumatol. 2017;33(5):321–8.PubMed Cohenca N, Silberman A. Contemporary imaging for the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic dental injuries. A review. Dent Traumatol. 2017;33(5):321–8.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Dean J. McDonald and Avery’s dentistry for the child and adolescent. 10th ed. St Louis: Elsevier; 2016 (ISBN 978-0-323-28745-6). Dean J. McDonald and Avery’s dentistry for the child and adolescent. 10th ed. St Louis: Elsevier; 2016 (ISBN 978-0-323-28745-6).
Zurück zum Zitat Elbay M, Tak O, Şermet Elbay Ü, Kaya C, Eryilmaz K. The use of low-level laser therapy for controlling the gag reflex in children during intraoral radiography. Lasers Med Sci. 2016;31(2):355–61.PubMed Elbay M, Tak O, Şermet Elbay Ü, Kaya C, Eryilmaz K. The use of low-level laser therapy for controlling the gag reflex in children during intraoral radiography. Lasers Med Sci. 2016;31(2):355–61.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Espelid I, Mejàre I, Weerheijm K, EAPD. EAPD guidelines for use of radiographs in children. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2003;4(1):40–8.PubMed Espelid I, Mejàre I, Weerheijm K, EAPD. EAPD guidelines for use of radiographs in children. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2003;4(1):40–8.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Goodson JM, Haffajee AD, Socransky SS. The relationship between attachment level loss and alveolar bone loss. J Clin Periodontol. 1984;11(5):348–59.PubMed Goodson JM, Haffajee AD, Socransky SS. The relationship between attachment level loss and alveolar bone loss. J Clin Periodontol. 1984;11(5):348–59.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Goodwin TL, Devlin H, Glenny AM, O’Malley L, Horner K. Guidelines on the timing and frequency of bitewing radiography: a systematic review. Br Dent J. 2017;222(7):519–26.PubMed Goodwin TL, Devlin H, Glenny AM, O’Malley L, Horner K. Guidelines on the timing and frequency of bitewing radiography: a systematic review. Br Dent J. 2017;222(7):519–26.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Gowda S, Thomson WM, Foster Page LA, Croucher NA. What difference does using bitewing radiographs make to epidemiological estimates of dental caries prevalence and severity in a young adolescent population with high caries experience? Caries Res. 2009;43(6):436–41.PubMed Gowda S, Thomson WM, Foster Page LA, Croucher NA. What difference does using bitewing radiographs make to epidemiological estimates of dental caries prevalence and severity in a young adolescent population with high caries experience? Caries Res. 2009;43(6):436–41.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Greenstein G. Contemporary interpretation of probing depth assessments: diagnostic and therapeutic implications. A literature review. J Periodontol. 1997;68(12):1194–205.PubMed Greenstein G. Contemporary interpretation of probing depth assessments: diagnostic and therapeutic implications. A literature review. J Periodontol. 1997;68(12):1194–205.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Hamanaka EF, Poi WR, Salzedas LM, Alves LC, Panzarini SR, Sonoda CK, Martins CM. A method for the geometric standardization of intraoral radiographs for long-term follow up of replanted teeth; a case report. Dent Traumatol. 2013;29(2):121–6.PubMed Hamanaka EF, Poi WR, Salzedas LM, Alves LC, Panzarini SR, Sonoda CK, Martins CM. A method for the geometric standardization of intraoral radiographs for long-term follow up of replanted teeth; a case report. Dent Traumatol. 2013;29(2):121–6.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Haney E, Gansky SA, Lee JS, Johnson E, Maki K, Miller AJ, Huang JC. Comparative analysis of traditional radiographs and cone-beam computed tomography volumetric images in the diagnosis and treatment planning of maxillary impacted canines. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2010;137(5):590–7. Haney E, Gansky SA, Lee JS, Johnson E, Maki K, Miller AJ, Huang JC. Comparative analysis of traditional radiographs and cone-beam computed tomography volumetric images in the diagnosis and treatment planning of maxillary impacted canines. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2010;137(5):590–7.
Zurück zum Zitat Harrison R, Richardson D. Bitewing radiographs of children taken with and without a film-holding device. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 1989;18(3):97–9.PubMed Harrison R, Richardson D. Bitewing radiographs of children taken with and without a film-holding device. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 1989;18(3):97–9.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Herman HD, Ashkenazi M. Quality of bitewing radiographs in children in relation to the type of film holder used. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2013;14(3):141–6.PubMed Herman HD, Ashkenazi M. Quality of bitewing radiographs in children in relation to the type of film holder used. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2013;14(3):141–6.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Hietala-Lenkkeri A-M, Tolvanen M, Alananen P, Pienihakkinen K. The additional information of bitewing radiographs in the detection of established or severe dentinal decay in 14-year olds: a cross-sectional study in low-caries population. Sci World J. 2014;2014:175358. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/175358.CrossRef Hietala-Lenkkeri A-M, Tolvanen M, Alananen P, Pienihakkinen K. The additional information of bitewing radiographs in the detection of established or severe dentinal decay in 14-year olds: a cross-sectional study in low-caries population. Sci World J. 2014;2014:175358. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1155/​2014/​175358.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hintze H, Wenzel A. Clinically undetected dental caries assessed by bitewing screening in children with little caries experience. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 1994;23(1):19–23.PubMed Hintze H, Wenzel A. Clinically undetected dental caries assessed by bitewing screening in children with little caries experience. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 1994;23(1):19–23.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Holan G, Yodko E. Radiographic evidence of traumatic injuries to primary incisors without accompanying clinical signs. Dent Traumatol. 2017;33(2):133–6.PubMed Holan G, Yodko E. Radiographic evidence of traumatic injuries to primary incisors without accompanying clinical signs. Dent Traumatol. 2017;33(2):133–6.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat ICRP. The 2007 recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological protection. ICRP Publication 103. Ann ICRP. 2007;37(2–4):1–332. ICRP. The 2007 recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological protection. ICRP Publication 103. Ann ICRP. 2007;37(2–4):1–332.
Zurück zum Zitat Jacobs SG. Radiographic localization of unerupted mandibular anterior teeth. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2000a;118(4):432–8. Jacobs SG. Radiographic localization of unerupted mandibular anterior teeth. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2000a;118(4):432–8.
Zurück zum Zitat Jacobs SG. Radiographic localization of unerupted teeth: further findings about the vertical tube shift method and other localization techniques. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2000b;118(4):439–47. Jacobs SG. Radiographic localization of unerupted teeth: further findings about the vertical tube shift method and other localization techniques. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2000b;118(4):439–47.
Zurück zum Zitat Juni P, Holenstein F, Sterne J, Bartlett C, Egger M. Direction and impact of language bias in meta-analyses of controlled trials: empirical study. Int J Epidemiol. 2002;31(1):115–23.PubMed Juni P, Holenstein F, Sterne J, Bartlett C, Egger M. Direction and impact of language bias in meta-analyses of controlled trials: empirical study. Int J Epidemiol. 2002;31(1):115–23.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Kronmiller JE, Nirschl RF, Close JM. Evaluation of bitewing intervals in children. ASDC J Dent Child. 1986;53(2):110–4.PubMed Kronmiller JE, Nirschl RF, Close JM. Evaluation of bitewing intervals in children. ASDC J Dent Child. 1986;53(2):110–4.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Lith A, Lindstrand C, Gröndahl H-G. Caries development in a young population managed by a restrictive attitude to radiography and operative intervention: 1. A study at the patient level. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2002;31(4):224–31.PubMed Lith A, Lindstrand C, Gröndahl H-G. Caries development in a young population managed by a restrictive attitude to radiography and operative intervention: 1. A study at the patient level. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2002;31(4):224–31.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Llena-Puy C, Forner L. A clinical and radiographic comparison of caries diagnosed in approximal surfaces of posterior teeth in a low-risk population of 14-year old children. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2005;3(1):47–52.PubMed Llena-Puy C, Forner L. A clinical and radiographic comparison of caries diagnosed in approximal surfaces of posterior teeth in a low-risk population of 14-year old children. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2005;3(1):47–52.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Machiulskiene V, Nyvad B, Baelum V. Comparison of diagnostic yields of clinical and radiographic caries examinations in children of different age. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2004;5(3):157–62.PubMed Machiulskiene V, Nyvad B, Baelum V. Comparison of diagnostic yields of clinical and radiographic caries examinations in children of different age. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2004;5(3):157–62.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Mahiepala NA, Phan VL, Kieu KD, Koppen JPL, Hussain BH, Huang B. Influencing factors of paediatric dental anxiety levels in an undergraduate dental clinic. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2015;16(2):159–62.PubMed Mahiepala NA, Phan VL, Kieu KD, Koppen JPL, Hussain BH, Huang B. Influencing factors of paediatric dental anxiety levels in an undergraduate dental clinic. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2015;16(2):159–62.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Malmgren B, Andreasen JO, Flores MT, Robertson A, DiAngelis AJ, Andersson L, Cavalleri G, Cohenca N, Day P, Hicks ML, Malmgren O, Moule AJ, Onetto J, Tsukiboshi M. Guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 3. Injuries in the primary dentition. Pediatr Dent. 2016;38(6):377–85.PubMed Malmgren B, Andreasen JO, Flores MT, Robertson A, DiAngelis AJ, Andersson L, Cavalleri G, Cohenca N, Day P, Hicks ML, Malmgren O, Moule AJ, Onetto J, Tsukiboshi M. Guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 3. Injuries in the primary dentition. Pediatr Dent. 2016;38(6):377–85.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Mann J, Pettigrew J, Beideman R, Green P, Ship I. Investigation of the relationship between clinically detected loss of attachment and radiographic changes in early periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol. 1985;12:247–53.PubMed Mann J, Pettigrew J, Beideman R, Green P, Ship I. Investigation of the relationship between clinically detected loss of attachment and radiographic changes in early periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol. 1985;12:247–53.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat McDonald SP. A method to reduce interproximal overlapping and improve reproducibility of bitewing radiographs for use in clinical trials. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1983;11(5):289–95.PubMed McDonald SP. A method to reduce interproximal overlapping and improve reproducibility of bitewing radiographs for use in clinical trials. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1983;11(5):289–95.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Moher D, Pham B, Klassen TP, Schulz KF, Berlin JA, Jadad AR, Liberati A. What contributions do languages other than English make on the results of meta-analyses? J Clin Epidemiol. 2000;53(9):964–72.PubMed Moher D, Pham B, Klassen TP, Schulz KF, Berlin JA, Jadad AR, Liberati A. What contributions do languages other than English make on the results of meta-analyses? J Clin Epidemiol. 2000;53(9):964–72.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Myers DR, Barenie JT, Bell RA. Requirements for supplemental periapical radiographs following No. 0 and No. 2 bite-wings. Pediatr Dent. 1984;6(4):235–7.PubMed Myers DR, Barenie JT, Bell RA. Requirements for supplemental periapical radiographs following No. 0 and No. 2 bite-wings. Pediatr Dent. 1984;6(4):235–7.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB). Guidance notes for dental practitioners on the safe use of X-ray equipment. Chilton: NRPB; 2001. National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB). Guidance notes for dental practitioners on the safe use of X-ray equipment. Chilton: NRPB; 2001.
Zurück zum Zitat Newman ME, Friedman S. Extraoral radiographic technique: an alternative approach. J Endod. 2003;29(6):419–21.PubMed Newman ME, Friedman S. Extraoral radiographic technique: an alternative approach. J Endod. 2003;29(6):419–21.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Novaes TF, Matos R, Raggio DP, Braga MM, Mendes FM. Children’s discomfort in assessments using different methods for approximal caries detection. Braz Oral Res. 2012;26(2):93–9.PubMed Novaes TF, Matos R, Raggio DP, Braga MM, Mendes FM. Children’s discomfort in assessments using different methods for approximal caries detection. Braz Oral Res. 2012;26(2):93–9.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Oenning AC, Jacobs R, Pauwels R, Stratis A, Hedesiu M, Salmon B, on behalf of the DIMITRA Research Group, https://www.dimitra.be. Cone-beam CT in paediatric dentistry: DIMITRA project position statement. Pediatr Radiol 2018;48(3):308–16. Oenning AC, Jacobs R, Pauwels R, Stratis A, Hedesiu M, Salmon B, on behalf of the DIMITRA Research Group, https://​www.​dimitra.​be. Cone-beam CT in paediatric dentistry: DIMITRA project position statement. Pediatr Radiol 2018;48(3):308–16.
Zurück zum Zitat Parks ET, Aps JKM. Radiographic techniques. In: Dean JA, Jones JE, Walker Vinson LA, editors. McDonald and Avery’s dentistry for the child and adolescent. St Louis: Elsevier; 2016. p. 17–38. Parks ET, Aps JKM. Radiographic techniques. In: Dean JA, Jones JE, Walker Vinson LA, editors. McDonald and Avery’s dentistry for the child and adolescent. St Louis: Elsevier; 2016. p. 17–38.
Zurück zum Zitat Pierro VS, Barcelos R, de Souza IP, Raymundo RJ. Pediatric bitewing film holder: preschooler’s acceptance and radiographs’ diagnostic quality. Pediatr Dent. 2008;30(4):342–7.PubMed Pierro VS, Barcelos R, de Souza IP, Raymundo RJ. Pediatric bitewing film holder: preschooler’s acceptance and radiographs’ diagnostic quality. Pediatr Dent. 2008;30(4):342–7.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Poorterman JHG, Aartman IH, Kieft JA, Kalsbeek H. Value of bite-wing radiographs in a clinical epidemiological study and their effect on the DMFS index. Caries Res. 2000;34(2):159–63.PubMed Poorterman JHG, Aartman IH, Kieft JA, Kalsbeek H. Value of bite-wing radiographs in a clinical epidemiological study and their effect on the DMFS index. Caries Res. 2000;34(2):159–63.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Poorterman JH, Vermaire EH, Hoogstraten J. Value of bitewing radiographs for detecting approximal caries in 6-year old children in the Netherlands. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2010;20(5):336–40.PubMed Poorterman JH, Vermaire EH, Hoogstraten J. Value of bitewing radiographs for detecting approximal caries in 6-year old children in the Netherlands. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2010;20(5):336–40.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Roeters FJ, Verdonschot EH, Bronkhorst EM, Hof MA. Prediction of the need for bitewing radiography in detecting caries in the primary dentition. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1994;22(6):456–60.PubMed Roeters FJ, Verdonschot EH, Bronkhorst EM, Hof MA. Prediction of the need for bitewing radiography in detecting caries in the primary dentition. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1994;22(6):456–60.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Ruiken HM, Truin GJ, König KG. Feasibility of radiographical diagnosis in 8-year -old schoolchildren with low caries activity. Caries Res. 1982;16(5):398–403.PubMed Ruiken HM, Truin GJ, König KG. Feasibility of radiographical diagnosis in 8-year -old schoolchildren with low caries activity. Caries Res. 1982;16(5):398–403.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Sacal C, Echeverri EA, Keene H. Retrospective survey of dental anomalies and pathology detected on maxillary occlusal radiographs in children between 3 and 5 years of age. Pediatr Dent. 2001;23(4):347–50.PubMed Sacal C, Echeverri EA, Keene H. Retrospective survey of dental anomalies and pathology detected on maxillary occlusal radiographs in children between 3 and 5 years of age. Pediatr Dent. 2001;23(4):347–50.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Shrout MK, Hildebolt CF, Vannier MW. The effect of alignment errors on bitewing-based bone loss measurements. J Clin Periodontol. 1991;18(9):708–12.PubMed Shrout MK, Hildebolt CF, Vannier MW. The effect of alignment errors on bitewing-based bone loss measurements. J Clin Periodontol. 1991;18(9):708–12.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Sköld UM, Klock B, Lindvall AM. Differences in caries recording with and without bitewing radiographs. A study on 5-year old children in the County of Bohuslän, Sweden. Swed Dent J. 1997;21(3):69–75.PubMed Sköld UM, Klock B, Lindvall AM. Differences in caries recording with and without bitewing radiographs. A study on 5-year old children in the County of Bohuslän, Sweden. Swed Dent J. 1997;21(3):69–75.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Stecksén-Blicks C, Wahlin YB. Diagnosis of approximal caries in pre-school children. Swed Dent J. 1983;7(5):179–84.PubMed Stecksén-Blicks C, Wahlin YB. Diagnosis of approximal caries in pre-school children. Swed Dent J. 1983;7(5):179–84.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Steiner M, Buelhmann S, Menghini G, Imfeld C, Imfeld T. Caries risk and appropriate intervals between bitewing X-ray examinations in schoolchildren. Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed. 2011;121(1):12–24.PubMed Steiner M, Buelhmann S, Menghini G, Imfeld C, Imfeld T. Caries risk and appropriate intervals between bitewing X-ray examinations in schoolchildren. Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed. 2011;121(1):12–24.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Sterne JAC, Savović J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Blencowe NS, Boutron I, Cates CJ, Cheng HY, Corbett MS, Eldridge SM, Emberson JR, Hernán MA, Hopewell S, Hróbjartsson A, Junqueira DR, Jüni P, Kirkham JJ, Lasserson T, Li T, McAleenan A, Reeves BC, Shepperd S, Shrier I, Stewart LA, Tilling K, White IR, Whiting PF, Higgins JPT. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019;28(366):l4898. Sterne JAC, Savović J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Blencowe NS, Boutron I, Cates CJ, Cheng HY, Corbett MS, Eldridge SM, Emberson JR, Hernán MA, Hopewell S, Hróbjartsson A, Junqueira DR, Jüni P, Kirkham JJ, Lasserson T, Li T, McAleenan A, Reeves BC, Shepperd S, Shrier I, Stewart LA, Tilling K, White IR, Whiting PF, Higgins JPT. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019;28(366):l4898.
Zurück zum Zitat Torres MG, Santos Ada S, Neves FS, Arriaga ML, Campos PS, Crusoe-Rebello I. Assessment of enamel-dentin caries lesions detection using bitewing PSP digital images. J Appl Oral Sci. 2011;19(5):462–8.PubMedPubMedCentral Torres MG, Santos Ada S, Neves FS, Arriaga ML, Campos PS, Crusoe-Rebello I. Assessment of enamel-dentin caries lesions detection using bitewing PSP digital images. J Appl Oral Sci. 2011;19(5):462–8.PubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Townsend D. Detection of dentine caries using the oblique lateral radiograph. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2000;10(2):145–9.PubMed Townsend D. Detection of dentine caries using the oblique lateral radiograph. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2000;10(2):145–9.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Tsolakis AI, Kalavritinos M, Bitsanis E, Sanoudos M, Benetou V, Alexiou K, Tsiklakis K. Reliability of different radiographic methods for the localization of displaced maxillary canines. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2018;153(2):308–14. Tsolakis AI, Kalavritinos M, Bitsanis E, Sanoudos M, Benetou V, Alexiou K, Tsiklakis K. Reliability of different radiographic methods for the localization of displaced maxillary canines. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2018;153(2):308–14.
Zurück zum Zitat Whaites E, Drage N. Essentials of dental radiography and radiology. 5th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2015. Whaites E, Drage N. Essentials of dental radiography and radiology. 5th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2015.
Zurück zum Zitat White SC, Atchinson KA, Hewlett ER, Flack VF. Efficacy of FDA guidelines for prescribing radiographs to detect dental and intraosseous conditions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1995;80(1):108–14.PubMed White SC, Atchinson KA, Hewlett ER, Flack VF. Efficacy of FDA guidelines for prescribing radiographs to detect dental and intraosseous conditions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1995;80(1):108–14.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat White SC, Pharoah MJ. Safety and protection. In: White SC, Pharoah MJ, editors. Oral radiology principles and interpretation. St. Louis: Elsevier Mosby; 2014. p. 29–40. White SC, Pharoah MJ. Safety and protection. In: White SC, Pharoah MJ, editors. Oral radiology principles and interpretation. St. Louis: Elsevier Mosby; 2014. p. 29–40.
Metadaten
Titel
Diagnostic efficacy of and indications for intraoral radiographs in pediatric dentistry: a systematic review
verfasst von
J. K. M. Aps
L. Z. Lim
H. J. Tong
B. Kalia
A. M. Chou
Publikationsdatum
10.05.2020
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry / Ausgabe 4/2020
Print ISSN: 1818-6300
Elektronische ISSN: 1996-9805
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-020-00532-y

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2020

European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry 4/2020 Zur Ausgabe

Editorial

Editorial

Newsletter

Bestellen Sie unseren kostenlosen Newsletter Update Zahnmedizin und bleiben Sie gut informiert – ganz bequem per eMail.