Tissue blocks selected from 54 surgically resected HCCs were used to compare the immunohistochemical staining patterns of CLU, pCEA and CD10 on whole tissue sections. Thirty-seven of these cases had surrounding background liver which was cirrhotic with regenerative nodules (RNs). The remaining 17 cases had a non-cirrhotic background. CLU immunostaining was also performed on tissue microarray (TMA) sections containing 74 HCCs and 55 normal liver tissue samples. Forty HCCs on TMA sections were also stained for pCEA and CD10. The HCC cases on TMA sections did not include adjacent nonneoplastic liver tissues. All enrolled HCCs were well to moderately differentiated. None of them had been treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy or embolization. In addition, 1305 tumor samples from multiple organs on TMAs were used to detect CLU expression. These included esophageal adenocarcinoma (
n = 48), colorectal adenocarcinoma (
n = 86), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (
n = 48), pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (
n = 14), cholangiocarcinoma (
n = 13), lung adenocarcinoma (
n = 97), lung squamous cell carcinoma (
n = 74), breast ductal adenocarcinoma (
n = 86), papillary thyroid carcinoma (
n = 48), prostatic adenocarcinoma (
n = 96), clear cell renal cell carcinoma (
n = 78), papillary renal cell carcinoma (
n = 33), adrenocortical tumor (
n = 30), urothelial carcinoma (
n = 78), uterine endometrioid carcinoma (
n = 93), ovarian serous carcinoma (
n = 40), endocervical adenocarcinoma (
n = 37), clear cell carcinoma of the uterus and ovary (
n = 28), germ cell tumors (
n = 184), mesothelioma (
n = 31), squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (
n = 49), and perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa or epithelioid angiomyolipoma;
n = 14). TMAs were constructed as previously described [
13].