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Erschienen in: Der Onkologe 1/2018

11.10.2017 | Harnblasenkarzinom | Leitthema

Diagnostik und operative Therapie des muskelinvasiven Harnblasenkarzinoms

verfasst von: G. Niegisch, H. Kübler, J. E. Gschwend, M. Heck

Erschienen in: Die Onkologie | Ausgabe 1/2018

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Das muskelinvasive Harnblasenkarzinom (MIBC) stellt sowohl diagnostisch als auch therapeutisch eine große Herausforderung dar.

Ziel

Aktuelle Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik und operativen Therapie des MIBC sollen dargestellt werden.

Material und Methode

Empfehlungen der S3-Leitline Harnblasenkarzinom werden vorgestellt und eine selektive Literaturrecherche in PubMed ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion

Histologisch lässt sich das MIBC zwar in der Regel eindeutig vom prognostisch deutlich günstigeren nichtmuskelinvasiven Harnblasenkarzinom abgrenzen, eine präoperative Bestimmung des tatsächlichen Tumorstadiums und damit eine weitere Risikostratifizierung ist mit den heute üblichen diagnostischen Maßnahmen aber nur bedingt möglich. Durch eine radikale Zystektomie (RC, in Kombination mit einer perioperativen Systemtherapie) kann selbst bei Tumoren, die bereits die Organgrenzen erreicht oder überschritten haben, eine gute lokale Tumorkontrolle gewährleistet werden. Dennoch kommt es bei einer Vielzahl der Patienten innerhalb der ersten Jahre nach RC zu einem in der Regel nur palliativ zu behandelnden Rezidiv. Während der diagnostische Wert für eine begleitende systematische pelvine Lymphadenektomie unumstritten ist, ist der therapeutische Nutzen mit Verbesserung der postoperativen Prognose noch nicht sicher belegt. Unklar ist weiterhin, ob sich neue minimalinvasive Operationstechniken hinsichtlich der onkologischen Qualität vom klassisch offen-operativen Vorgehen wesentlich unterscheiden. Auch heute noch ist die RC mit einer relativ hohen Morbidität und einer signifikanten Mortalität, insbesondere bei älteren Patienten, behaftet. Eine Optimierung des perioperativen Managements (z. B. Fast-Track-Protokolle) kann die Morbidität nachweisbar reduzieren.
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Metadaten
Titel
Diagnostik und operative Therapie des muskelinvasiven Harnblasenkarzinoms
verfasst von
G. Niegisch
H. Kübler
J. E. Gschwend
M. Heck
Publikationsdatum
11.10.2017
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Onkologie / Ausgabe 1/2018
Print ISSN: 2731-7226
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7234
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-017-0299-2

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