Background
Methods
Characters | Acute diarrhea (n = 102) | Chronic diarrhea (n = 111) | No diarrhea (n = 257) | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 35.2± 12.6 | 38.9± 14.6 | 36.8+16.6 | NS |
Male female ratio | 3.6:1 | 3.8:1 | 3.6:1 | NS |
Total duration of symptoms (in months) | 11.6± 1.9 | 16.7± 2.9 | 10.8± 1.6 | 0.07 |
Mean time of AIDS diagnosis(in months) | 4.57 ± 0.74 | 8.03 ± 0.513 | 2.74 ± 0.81 | 0.01 |
Mean CD4 levels | 314.9 | 195.5 | 366.9 | 0.02 |
Patients on HAART | 90 (88%) | 96 (86%) | 170 (66%) | 0.07 |
Patients with AIDS (CDC definition) | 100 (98%) | 111 (100%) | 207 (80%) | 0.08 |
% with lower Socio economic status | 68% | 82% | 79% | 0.05 |
Symptom | CD4 <200 (n = 212) | CD4 200–500 (n = 117) | CD4 >500 (n = 46) |
---|---|---|---|
Weight loss | 106 | 83 | 19 |
Fever | 118 | 53 | 8 |
Diarrhea | 74 | 57 | 8 |
Cough | 48 | 47 | 12 |
Definition of diarrhea
Sample collection
Microbiology
HIV serology
CD4/Viral load estimation
Statistics
Results
Causative Agent | No. of patients | CD4 Range | CD4 (Mean ± SEM) | % of stools containing organism |
---|---|---|---|---|
E. Histolytica | 24 | 28–186 | 112.35 ± 55.73 | 17.1% |
Cryptosporidiosis | 8 | 32–106 | 49.4 ± 22.6 | 5.71% |
Isospora | 4 | 65–70 | 67.5± 2.88 | 2.86% |
Candida | 4 | 80–85 | 82.5± 2.88 | 2.86% |
Helminthes | 2 | 155–125 | 140± 15 | 1.43% |
@ | Unadjusted OR | 95%CI | P** | Adjusted OR*(LR) | 95%CI | P** | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MIN | MAX | MIN | MAX | |||||
E. Histolytica | 21.17 | 5.92 | 75.75 | .000 | 46.91 | 8.69 | '235.16 | .000 |
Cryptosporidium | 17.72 | 2.12 | 148 | .001 | 29.94 | 2.67 | 336.04 | .001 |
isospora | 4.72 | 0.84 | 6.60 | .075 | 15.11 | 2.22 | 102.62 | .004 |
Candida | 3.43 | 1.03 | 11.34 | .050 | 4.74 | 0.91 | 24.56 | .070 |
CD4 (<200/>200) | 7.49 | 2.18 | 25.78 | .000 | 1.94 | .35 | 10.81 | .434 |
Cd4 counts and type of diarrhea
Type of diarrhea | No of Pt | Mean CD4 | 95% CI | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
min | max | ||||
Acute | 111 | 314.9 | 259.7 | 370.1 | <0.05 |
Chronic | 102 | 195.5 | 170.1 | 220.9 | <0.01 |
No diarrhea | 162 | 366.9 | 305.1 | 428.7 |
Durations of symptoms and CD 4 levels
Laboratory isolation of organisms
Discussion
Rate of diarrhea
Isolation rates
Effect of CD4
Local factors
Stool characters
Comparison with other studies
Organism | Langewer et al4 (1996) (n = 77) | Joshi et al3 (2002) (n = 110) | Mohandas et al14 (2002) (n = 36) | Present study (2003) (n = 140) |
---|---|---|---|---|
E.histolytica | - | 14.9% | 1.7% | 17.1% |
Cryptospora | 22.8% | 8.5% | 10.8% | 5.71% |
Isospora | 4.8% | 17% | 2.5% | 2.86% |
Candidacies | - | - | - | 2.86% |
Other | - | 4.3% | 22.8% | 1.43% |
Strongyloides stercoralis | 1.2% | 5.3% | - | - |