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Erschienen in: Arthroskopie 4/2012

01.11.2012 | Patellaluxation | Leitthema

Die Patellaluxation im Kindes- und Jugendalter

verfasst von: Dr. P. Balcarek, K.-H. Frosch

Erschienen in: Arthroskopie | Ausgabe 4/2012

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Patellaluxation ist eine häufige Verletzung des Kindes- und Jugendalters. Sie wird oftmals durch eine Störung der aktiven, passiven und statischen Stabilisatoren des patellofemoralen Gelenks ausgelöst. Die Diagnostik hat daher neben einer ausführlichen Anamnese und klinischen Untersuchung insbesondere Augenmerk auf das Vorliegen prädisponierender Faktoren zu legen, die umfassend analysiert werden müssen. Ergänzend zur nativen Röntgendiagnostik des Kniegelenks sollten MRT- und ggf. Achsaufnahmen des Beines sowie Torsions-CT-(MRT-)Untersuchungen erfolgen.

Material und Methoden

Die gängige Lehrmeinung empfiehlt derzeit ein konservatives Therapieregime zur Behandlung der Patellaerstluxation. Diese Einschätzung ist insbesondere der Studienlage der letzten Jahre geschuldet, die in Arbeiten höherer Evidenz keinen Vorteil der operativen Therapie gegenüber der konservativen Behandlung fand. Findet sich in der Diagnostik jedoch eine osteochondrale Verletzung ist diese als klare Indikation zur Operation etabliert. Bei Versagen der konservativen Therapie mit rezidivierenden (Sub-)Luxationen besteht eine Indikation zur operativen Stabilisierung. Hierbei ist eine Orientierung an der zugrunde liegenden Pathoanatomie erforderlich, wobei die noch offenen Wachstumsfugen respektiert werden müssen. Da es auch bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in der überwiegenden Zahl der Fälle zu einer Verletzung des medialen patellofemoralen Ligaments (MPFL) kommt, rückt die MPFL-Augmentation als anatomisches Verfahren auch bei dieser Patientengruppe zunehmend in den Mittelpunkt der operativen Therapie. Hierbei sind Operationsverfahren zu wählen, die eine Verletzung der distalen medialen Femurepiphyse vermeiden.

Schlussfolgerung

Zusammenfassend fordert die derzeitige Studienlage, die biomechanischen Erkenntnisse des MPFL in neue prospektiv-randomisierte Studien einfließen zu lassen, um evidenzbasiert Indikationen für eine primär operative Therapie zu erarbeiten. Die Entwicklung von Parametern, welche eine Differenzierung von Patienten mit hohem und geringem Reluxationsrisiko ermöglichen, ist hierbei von zentraler Bedeutung.
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Metadaten
Titel
Die Patellaluxation im Kindes- und Jugendalter
verfasst von
Dr. P. Balcarek
K.-H. Frosch
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2012
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Schlagwort
Patellaluxation
Erschienen in
Arthroskopie / Ausgabe 4/2012
Print ISSN: 0933-7946
Elektronische ISSN: 1434-3924
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00142-011-0687-3

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