Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Pediatric Nephrology 7/2017

16.02.2017 | Original Article

Dietary sources of energy and nutrient intake among children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease

verfasst von: Wen Chen, Kirstie Ducharme-Smith, Laura Davis, Wun Fung Hui, Bradley A. Warady, Susan L. Furth, Alison G. Abraham, Aisha Betoko

Erschienen in: Pediatric Nephrology | Ausgabe 7/2017

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Background

Our purpose was to identify the main food contributors to energy and nutrient intake in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods

In this cross-sectional study of dietary intake assessed using Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) cohort study, we estimated energy and nutrient intake and identified the primary contributing foods within this population.

Results

Completed FFQs were available for 658 children. Of those, 69.9% were boys, median age 12 (interquartile range (IQR) 8–15 years). The average daily energy intake was 1968 kcal (IQR 1523–2574 kcal). Milk was the largest contributor to total energy, protein, potassium, and phosphorus intake. Fast foods were the largest contributors to fat and sodium intake, the second largest contributors to energy intake, and the third largest contributors to potassium and phosphorus intake. Fruit contributed 12.0%, 8.7%, and 6.7% to potassium intake for children aged 2–5, 6–13, and 14–18 years old, respectively.

Conclusions

Children with CKD consumed more sodium, protein, and calories but less potassium than recommended by the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) guidelines for pediatric CKD. Energy, protein, and sodium intake is heavily driven by consumption of milk and fast foods. Limiting contribution of fast foods in patients with good appetite may be particularly important for maintaining recommended energy and sodium intake, as overconsumption can increase the risk of obesity and cardiovascular complications in that population.
Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Norman LJ, Macdonald IA, Watson AR (2004) Optimising nutrition in chronic renal insufficiency--growth. Pediatr Nephrol 19:1245–1252CrossRefPubMed Norman LJ, Macdonald IA, Watson AR (2004) Optimising nutrition in chronic renal insufficiency--growth. Pediatr Nephrol 19:1245–1252CrossRefPubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Apostolou A, Printza N, Karagiozoglou-Lampoudi T, Dotis J, Papachristou F (2014) Nutrition assessment of children with advanced stages of chronic kidney disease-A single center study. Hippokratia 18:212–216PubMedPubMedCentral Apostolou A, Printza N, Karagiozoglou-Lampoudi T, Dotis J, Papachristou F (2014) Nutrition assessment of children with advanced stages of chronic kidney disease-A single center study. Hippokratia 18:212–216PubMedPubMedCentral
3.
Zurück zum Zitat KDOQI Work Group (2009) KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Nutrition in Children with CKD: 2008 update. Executive summary. Am J Kidney Dis 53:S11–S104 KDOQI Work Group (2009) KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Nutrition in Children with CKD: 2008 update. Executive summary. Am J Kidney Dis 53:S11–S104
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim H, Lim H, Choue R (2014) Compromised diet quality is associated with decreased renal function in children with chronic kidney disease. Clin Nutr Res 3:142–149CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kim H, Lim H, Choue R (2014) Compromised diet quality is associated with decreased renal function in children with chronic kidney disease. Clin Nutr Res 3:142–149CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Cheung WW, Paik KH, Mak RH (2010) Inflammation and cachexia in chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 25:711–724CrossRefPubMed Cheung WW, Paik KH, Mak RH (2010) Inflammation and cachexia in chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 25:711–724CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Mak RH, Cheung W, Cone RD, Marks DL (2005) Orexigenic and anorexigenic mechanisms in the control of nutrition in chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 20:427–431CrossRefPubMed Mak RH, Cheung W, Cone RD, Marks DL (2005) Orexigenic and anorexigenic mechanisms in the control of nutrition in chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 20:427–431CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Schwartz GJ, Munoz A, Schneider MF, Mak RH, Kaskel F, Warady BA, Furth SL (2009) New equations to estimate GFR in children with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 20:629–637CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Schwartz GJ, Munoz A, Schneider MF, Mak RH, Kaskel F, Warady BA, Furth SL (2009) New equations to estimate GFR in children with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 20:629–637CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Furth SL, Cole SR, Moxey-Mims M, Kaskel F, Mak R, Schwartz G, Wong C, Munoz A, Warady BA (2006) Design and methods of the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) prospective cohort study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 1:1006–1015CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Furth SL, Cole SR, Moxey-Mims M, Kaskel F, Mak R, Schwartz G, Wong C, Munoz A, Warady BA (2006) Design and methods of the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) prospective cohort study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 1:1006–1015CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Willett WC, Sampson L, Stampfer MJ, Rosner B, Bain C, Witschi J, Hennekens CH, Speizer FE (1985) Reproducibility and validity of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Am J Epidemiol 122:51–65CrossRefPubMed Willett WC, Sampson L, Stampfer MJ, Rosner B, Bain C, Witschi J, Hennekens CH, Speizer FE (1985) Reproducibility and validity of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Am J Epidemiol 122:51–65CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Blum RE, Wei EK, Rockett HR, Langeliers JD, Leppert J, Gardner JD, Colditz GA (1999) Validation of a food frequency questionnaire in Native American and Caucasian children 1 to 5 years of age. Matern Child Health J 3:167–172CrossRefPubMed Blum RE, Wei EK, Rockett HR, Langeliers JD, Leppert J, Gardner JD, Colditz GA (1999) Validation of a food frequency questionnaire in Native American and Caucasian children 1 to 5 years of age. Matern Child Health J 3:167–172CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Baer HJ, Blum RE, Rockett HR, Leppert J, Gardner JD, Suitor CW, Colditz GA (2005) Use of a food frequency questionnaire in American Indian and Caucasian pregnant women: a validation study. BMC Public Health 5:135CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Baer HJ, Blum RE, Rockett HR, Leppert J, Gardner JD, Suitor CW, Colditz GA (2005) Use of a food frequency questionnaire in American Indian and Caucasian pregnant women: a validation study. BMC Public Health 5:135CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Murphy SP YA, West Suitor C, Moats S (2011) Child and adult care food program: aligning dietary guidance for all. Food and Nutrition Board; Institute of Medicine, Washington DC Murphy SP YA, West Suitor C, Moats S (2011) Child and adult care food program: aligning dietary guidance for all. Food and Nutrition Board; Institute of Medicine, Washington DC
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Rockett HR, Colditz GA (1997) Assessing diets of children and adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr 65:1116S–1122SPubMed Rockett HR, Colditz GA (1997) Assessing diets of children and adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr 65:1116S–1122SPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat US Department of Agriculture ARS, Nutrient Data Laboratory. (September 2015) USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 28 US Department of Agriculture ARS, Nutrient Data Laboratory. (September 2015) USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 28
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Keast DR, Fulgoni VL 3rd, Nicklas TA, O’Neil CE (2013) Food sources of energy and nutrients among children in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006. Nutrients 5:283–301CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Keast DR, Fulgoni VL 3rd, Nicklas TA, O’Neil CE (2013) Food sources of energy and nutrients among children in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006. Nutrients 5:283–301CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Guo SS, Grummer-Strawn LM, Flegal KM, Mei Z, Wei R, Curtin LR, Roche AF, Johnson CL (2002) 2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States: methods and development. Vital Health Stat 11(246):1–190 Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Guo SS, Grummer-Strawn LM, Flegal KM, Mei Z, Wei R, Curtin LR, Roche AF, Johnson CL (2002) 2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States: methods and development. Vital Health Stat 11(246):1–190
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Krebs-Smith SM, Kott PS, Guenther PM (1989) Mean proportion and population proportion: two answers to the same question? J Am Diet Assoc 89:671–676PubMed Krebs-Smith SM, Kott PS, Guenther PM (1989) Mean proportion and population proportion: two answers to the same question? J Am Diet Assoc 89:671–676PubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Mastrangelo A, Paglialonga F, Edefonti A (2014) Assessment of nutritional status in children with chronic kidney disease and on dialysis. Pediatr Nephrol 29:1349–1358CrossRefPubMed Mastrangelo A, Paglialonga F, Edefonti A (2014) Assessment of nutritional status in children with chronic kidney disease and on dialysis. Pediatr Nephrol 29:1349–1358CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Apostolou A, Karagiozoglou-Lampoudi T (2014) Dietary adherence in children with chronic kidney disease: a review of the evidence. J Ren Care 40:125–130CrossRefPubMed Apostolou A, Karagiozoglou-Lampoudi T (2014) Dietary adherence in children with chronic kidney disease: a review of the evidence. J Ren Care 40:125–130CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Reedy J, Krebs-Smith SM (2010) Dietary sources of energy, solid fats, and added sugars among children and adolescents in the United States. J Am Diet Assoc 110:1477–1484CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Reedy J, Krebs-Smith SM (2010) Dietary sources of energy, solid fats, and added sugars among children and adolescents in the United States. J Am Diet Assoc 110:1477–1484CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Dror DK, Allen LH (2014) Dairy product intake in children and adolescents in developed countries: trends, nutritional contribution, and a review of association with health outcomes. Nutr Rev 72:68–81CrossRefPubMed Dror DK, Allen LH (2014) Dairy product intake in children and adolescents in developed countries: trends, nutritional contribution, and a review of association with health outcomes. Nutr Rev 72:68–81CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Krebs-Smith SM, Guenther PM, Subar AF, Kirkpatrick SI, Dodd KW (2010) Americans do not meet federal dietary recommendations. J Nutr 140:1832–1838CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Krebs-Smith SM, Guenther PM, Subar AF, Kirkpatrick SI, Dodd KW (2010) Americans do not meet federal dietary recommendations. J Nutr 140:1832–1838CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Navaneethan SD, Kirwan JP, Arrigain S, Schreiber MJ, Sehgal AR, Schold JD (2012) Overweight, obesity and intentional weight loss in chronic kidney disease: NHANES 1999-2006. Int J Obes 36:1585–1590CrossRef Navaneethan SD, Kirwan JP, Arrigain S, Schreiber MJ, Sehgal AR, Schold JD (2012) Overweight, obesity and intentional weight loss in chronic kidney disease: NHANES 1999-2006. Int J Obes 36:1585–1590CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Lu JL, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Ma JZ, Quarles LD, Kovesdy CP (2014) Association of body mass index with outcomes in patients with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 25:2088–2096CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Lu JL, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Ma JZ, Quarles LD, Kovesdy CP (2014) Association of body mass index with outcomes in patients with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 25:2088–2096CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Ikizler TA, Greene JH, Wingard RL, Parker RA, Hakim RM (1995) Spontaneous dietary protein intake during progression of chronic renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol 6:1386–1391PubMed Ikizler TA, Greene JH, Wingard RL, Parker RA, Hakim RM (1995) Spontaneous dietary protein intake during progression of chronic renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol 6:1386–1391PubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Quan A, Baum M (1996) Protein losses in children on continuous cycler peritoneal dialysis. Pediatr Nephrol 10:728–731CrossRefPubMed Quan A, Baum M (1996) Protein losses in children on continuous cycler peritoneal dialysis. Pediatr Nephrol 10:728–731CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Kovesdy CP, Kalantar-Zadeh K (2016) Back to the future: restricted protein intake for conservative management of CKD, triple goals of renoprotection, uremia mitigation, and nutritional health. Int Urol Nephrol 48:725–729CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kovesdy CP, Kalantar-Zadeh K (2016) Back to the future: restricted protein intake for conservative management of CKD, triple goals of renoprotection, uremia mitigation, and nutritional health. Int Urol Nephrol 48:725–729CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Wingen A-M, Fabian-Bach C, Schaefer F, Mehls O (1997) Randomised multicentre study of a low-protein diet on the progression of chronic renal failure in children. Lancet 349:1117–1123CrossRefPubMed Wingen A-M, Fabian-Bach C, Schaefer F, Mehls O (1997) Randomised multicentre study of a low-protein diet on the progression of chronic renal failure in children. Lancet 349:1117–1123CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Grimes CA, Wright JD, Liu K, Nowson CA, Loria CM (2013) Dietary sodium intake is associated with total fluid and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in US children and adolescents aged 2-18 y: NHANES 2005-2008. Am J Clin Nutr 98:189–196CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Grimes CA, Wright JD, Liu K, Nowson CA, Loria CM (2013) Dietary sodium intake is associated with total fluid and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in US children and adolescents aged 2-18 y: NHANES 2005-2008. Am J Clin Nutr 98:189–196CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Cooke LJ, Wardle J (2005) Age and gender differences in children’s food preferences. Br J Nutr 93:741–746CrossRefPubMed Cooke LJ, Wardle J (2005) Age and gender differences in children’s food preferences. Br J Nutr 93:741–746CrossRefPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Alexy U, Kersting M, Remer T (2008) Potential renal acid load in the diet of children and adolescents: impact of food groups, age and time trends. Public Health Nutr 11:300–306CrossRefPubMed Alexy U, Kersting M, Remer T (2008) Potential renal acid load in the diet of children and adolescents: impact of food groups, age and time trends. Public Health Nutr 11:300–306CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Washi SA, Ageib MB (2010) Poor diet quality and food habits are related to impaired nutritional status in 13- to 18-year-old adolescents in Jeddah. Nutr Res 30:527–534CrossRefPubMed Washi SA, Ageib MB (2010) Poor diet quality and food habits are related to impaired nutritional status in 13- to 18-year-old adolescents in Jeddah. Nutr Res 30:527–534CrossRefPubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang Q, Zhang Z, Kuklina EV, Fang J, Ayala C, Hong Y, Loustalot F, Dai S, Gunn JP, Tian N, Cogswell ME, Merritt R (2012) Sodium intake and blood pressure among US children and adolescents. Pediatrics 130:611–619CrossRefPubMed Yang Q, Zhang Z, Kuklina EV, Fang J, Ayala C, Hong Y, Loustalot F, Dai S, Gunn JP, Tian N, Cogswell ME, Merritt R (2012) Sodium intake and blood pressure among US children and adolescents. Pediatrics 130:611–619CrossRefPubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat McMahon EJ, Bauer JD, Hawley CM, Isbel NM, Stowasser M, Johnson DW, Campbell KL (2013) A randomized trial of dietary sodium restriction in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 24:2096–2103CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral McMahon EJ, Bauer JD, Hawley CM, Isbel NM, Stowasser M, Johnson DW, Campbell KL (2013) A randomized trial of dietary sodium restriction in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 24:2096–2103CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Nerbass FB, Pecoits-Filho R, McIntyre NJ, McIntyre CW, Taal MW (2015) High sodium intake is associated with important risk factors in a large cohort of chronic kidney disease patients. Eur J Clin Nutr 69:786–790CrossRefPubMed Nerbass FB, Pecoits-Filho R, McIntyre NJ, McIntyre CW, Taal MW (2015) High sodium intake is associated with important risk factors in a large cohort of chronic kidney disease patients. Eur J Clin Nutr 69:786–790CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Tian N, Zhang Z, Loustalot F, Yang Q, Cogswell ME (2013) Sodium and potassium intakes among US infants and preschool children, 2003-2010. Am J Clin Nutr 98:1113–1122CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Tian N, Zhang Z, Loustalot F, Yang Q, Cogswell ME (2013) Sodium and potassium intakes among US infants and preschool children, 2003-2010. Am J Clin Nutr 98:1113–1122CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Guenther PM, Dodd KW, Reedy J, Krebs-Smith SM (2006) Most Americans eat much less than recommended amounts of fruits and vegetables. J Am Diet Assoc 106:1371–1379CrossRefPubMed Guenther PM, Dodd KW, Reedy J, Krebs-Smith SM (2006) Most Americans eat much less than recommended amounts of fruits and vegetables. J Am Diet Assoc 106:1371–1379CrossRefPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat McGuire S (2011) U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010. 7th Edition, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, January 2011. Adv Nutr 2:293–294CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral McGuire S (2011) U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010. 7th Edition, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, January 2011. Adv Nutr 2:293–294CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Cade J, Thompson R, Burley V, Warm D (2002) Development, validation and utilisation of food-frequency questionnaires - a review. Public Health Nutr 5:567–587CrossRefPubMed Cade J, Thompson R, Burley V, Warm D (2002) Development, validation and utilisation of food-frequency questionnaires - a review. Public Health Nutr 5:567–587CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Dietary sources of energy and nutrient intake among children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease
verfasst von
Wen Chen
Kirstie Ducharme-Smith
Laura Davis
Wun Fung Hui
Bradley A. Warady
Susan L. Furth
Alison G. Abraham
Aisha Betoko
Publikationsdatum
16.02.2017
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Pediatric Nephrology / Ausgabe 7/2017
Print ISSN: 0931-041X
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-198X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-017-3580-0

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 7/2017

Pediatric Nephrology 7/2017 Zur Ausgabe

Update Pädiatrie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.