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Erschienen in:
01.12.2010 | Original Article
Dietary vitamins K1, K2 and bone mineral density: the Hordaland Health Study
Erschienen in: Archives of Osteoporosis | Ausgabe 1-2/2010
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Summary
Associations between bone mineral density (BMD) and dietary vitamins K1 and K2 in 4,461 individuals were studied. For women, odds ratio of low BMD was 1.48 in lowest to highest quartile of K1. A weak positive association was found for K2. Our results do not support dietary vitamins K as being major determinants of BMD.
Purpose
Some studies suggest a positive association between intake of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) or vitamin K2 (menaquinone) and BMD. The objective was to examine associations between BMD and dietary vitamins K1 and K2.
Methods
BMD of the total hip was measured in 2,575 women and 1,886 men, 47-50 and 71-75 years, in the community-based Hordaland Health Study. Dietary vitamins K1 and K2 were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. Low BMD was defined as the lowest BMD-quintile for each age-sex group. Multiple linear, logistic and fractional polynomial regression analyses were applied.
Results
No significant associations between vitamin K1 or K2 intake and BMD were found in linear regression analyses. Comparing women in the highest to lowest quartile of vitamin K1 intake, an odds ratio of 1.48 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 2.04) for low BMD was found. This was not found among men or for vitamin K2 intake in either gender. A weak, positive association between log (vitamin K2) intake and BMD was found by fractional polynomial regression analyses in women (beta coefficient: 0.018; 95% CI: 0.009, 0.027; p = 0.001), but not in men.
Conclusions
Although we observed an increased risk of low BMD with low intake of vitamin K1 and a weak positive association between BMD and vitamin K2 intake among women, this study does not support dietary intake of vitamins K1 or K2 as major determinants of BMD. Future studies should investigate possible associations between intake of vitamin K1, K2 and fracture risk.