Introduction
Prodromal stages of dementia
Cognitive impairment and personality
Methods
Subjects and classification of the sample groups
Total | M (%) | F (%) | Age mean (SD) | Education mean (SD) | IQ mean (SD) | BDI-II mean (SD) | MMSE mean (SD) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SCD | 31 | 58.1 | 41.9 | 67.21 (9.57) | 12.98 (4.16) | 113.48 (11.49) | 9.87 (8.58) | 28.74 (1.29) |
naMCI | 67 | 28.4 | 71.6 | 68.90 (9.41) | 12.47 (4.09) | 111.52 (12.59) | 9.97 (8.05) | 28.06 (1.60) |
aMCI | 35 | 60.0 | 40.0 | 66.66 (8.98) | 13.94 (4.71) | 112.00 (14.64) | 9.79 (9.20) | 27.69 (1.43) |
Total Group | 133 | 43.6 | 56.4 | 68.01 (9.32) | 12.98 (4.29) | 112.11 (12.83) | 9.90 (8.41) | 28.12 (1.53) |
Materials and measuring instruments
Analysis
Results
Between-group differences concerning the personality traits (MANOVA)
df
|
F
|
p
|
η
p
2
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
Extraversion* | 2 | 3.490 | 0.033 | 0.051 |
Agreeableness | 2 | 0.037 | 0.964 | 0.001 |
Conscientiousness* | 2 | 3.685 | 0.028 | 0.054 |
Emotional control | 2 | 0.653 | 0.522 | 0.010 |
Openness** | 2 | 5.813 | 0.004 | 0.082 |
Empathy** | 2 | 8.253 | <0.001 | 0.113 |
MANCOVA
Correlations between personality and additional socioeconomic and psychological factors
Correlations between personality traits and cognitive functioning
Extraversion | Agreeableness | Conscientiousness | Emotional control | Openness | Empathy | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AKT (time) | −0.07a | 0.13 | −0.06 | 0.05 | −0.10 | −0.03 |
AKT (mistakes) | 0.27** | −0.06 | −0.01 | −0.25** | 0.14 | 0.13 |
AKT (total/time) | 0.00a | −0.12 | 0.06 | −0.03 | 0.10 | 0.01 |
Digit-Symbol-Test | 0.16a | −0.02 | 0.14 | −0.01 | 0.21* | 0.08 |
Symbols Counting (c. I.) | −0.06a | 0.04 | −0.04 | 0.01 | −0.07 | −0.01 |
TMTA | −0.03a | 0.05 | −0.06 | −0.00 | −0.07 | −0.03 |
TMTB | −0.01 | 0.02 | −0.09 | −0.07 | −0.03 | −0.01 |
SWT | 0.11a | −0.08 | −0.02 | −0.02 | 0.17* | 0.01 |
PWT | 0.08a | −0.01 | 0.07 | −0.13 | 0.12 | −0.02 |
BNT | 0.12 | −0.19* | −0.02 | −0.12 | 0.05 | 0.00 |
VSRT Immediate Recall | 0.14a | −0.04 | 0.03 | −0.08 | 0.16 | 0.10 |
VSRT Total Recall | 0.21*,a | −0.07 | 0.02 | −0.11 | 0.24** | 0.14 |
VSRT Delayed Recall | 0.19* | −0.03 | 0.04 | −0.13 | 0.23** | 0.16 |
VSRT Recognition | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.19* | 0.22* |
Five Point Test | 0.15a | −0.04 | 0.08 | −0.01 | 0.24** | −0.00 |
Five Point Test—Perseverations | 0.21* | −0.05 | 0.18* | −0.13 | 0.19* | 0.18* |
Stroop Test I (NAI-I) (time) | −0.09 | 0.10 | −0.13 | 0.01 | −0.08 | −0.06 |
Stroop Test II (NAI-III) (time) | −0.06 | −0.02 | −0.06 | −0.04 | −0.11 | −0.06 |
Stroop Test II (mistakes) | −0.05 | 0.04 | −0.18* | −0.10 | −0.09 | −0.09 |
Stroop Test II (NAI-III) | 0.07a | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.05 |
Labyrinth (time) | −0.09 | 0.03 | 0.05 | −0.02 | −0.09 | 0.05 |
Labyrinth (mistakes) | −0.05 | −0.11 | −0.03 | −0.07 | −0.16 | −0.07 |
Labyrinth (total/time) | 0.02a | −0.02 | −0.04 | 0.03 | 0.11 | −0.05 |
Interference (c. I.) (time) | 0.01a | 0.10 | −0.04 | −0.00 | 0.01 | 0.04 |
Interference (c. I.) (mistakes) | −0.16 | −0.00 | −0.00 | −0.01 | −0.08 | −0.10 |
Interference (c. I.) (total/time) | −0.02a | −0.10 | 0.04 | 0.02 | −0.01 | −0.03 |