Diffusion tensor imaging of the cerebellum in patients after heat stroke

To explore the application value of cerebellar diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in patients after heat stroke (HS). Eleven patients after HS with a score of 3–9 in Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and seven age-matched healthy volunteers were selected to undergo MR examinations during the same hot summer. The MR studies including DTI were performed with a 1.5 T scanner. Fractional anisotropy (FA) values of normal-appearing cerebellar white and gray matter were measured and the differences between the two groups were evaluated with Mann–Whitney U test. The FA value of normal-appearing cerebellar white matter in patients after HS was found to be decreased compared to normal control subjects (652.5 ± 86.1 vs 769.5 ± 58.4, p = 0.025). The FA value of normal-appearing cerebellar gray matter in patients after HS was found to be decreased compared to normal control subjects (158.8 ± 27.9 vs 187.5 ± 15.8, p = 0.040). Neural damage of the cerebellum induced by HS may be effectively evaluated by DTI with the decrease of FA value in normal-appearing cerebellum structures.