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Erschienen in: Herz 3/2018

19.12.2017 | Direkte orale Antikoagulanzien | Schwerpunkt

Antikoagulation bei Vorhofflimmern im Alter

Womit und bei wem nicht mehr?

verfasst von: PD Dr. med. P. Bahrmann, MHBA, FESC, Prof. Dr. med. M. Christ

Erschienen in: Herz | Ausgabe 3/2018

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Zusammenfassung

Aufgrund etablierter Risiko-Scores wie dem CHA2DS2-VASc-Score besteht bei Patienten über 65 Jahren und mit Vorhofflimmern (VHF) bzw. noch stärker über 75 Jahre eine (relative) Indikation für eine orale Antikoagulation. Vor Beginn der Antikoagulation sollte wegen der bekannten Blutungskomplikationen der Antikoagulation ein geriatrisches Assessment zur Beurteilung der kognitiven Kapazität, der Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens und des Sturzrisikos durchgeführt werden. Es werden zudem verschiedene Maßnahmen wie Schulung von Angehörigen, Medikationspass oder individuelle Verblisterung der Medikation empfohlen, um die Adhärenz der Patienten zur oftmals lebenslangen Prophylaxe zu gewährleisten. In der VHF-Leitlinie der European Society for Cardiology (ESC) werden für die Antikoagulation bei Patienten mit nichtvalvulärem VHF nicht-Vitamin-K-abhängige orale Antikoagulanzien (NOAK) bevorzugt und Vitamin-K-Antagonisten (VKA) als Alternative empfohlen. Tatsächlich erhalten immer mehr ältere Patienten mit nichtvalvulärem VHF eine Schlaganfallprophylaxe mit NOAK (Faktor-Xa-Inhibitoren: Apixaban, Rivaroxaban, Edoxaban; Thrombininhibitor: Dabigatranetexilat). Die pharmakodynamischen und pharmakokinetischen Charakteristika dieser Substanzen weisen viele Gemeinsamkeiten auf, dennoch ist für die differenzierte Pharmakotherapie auch auf wichtige Unterschiede zu achten. NOAK haben bei älteren Patienten eine Reihe von Vorteilen gegenüber VKA, vorrangig durch das bessere Nutzen-Risiko-Verhältnis durch eine verminderte Zahl von Blutungsereignissen und ein insgesamt geringeres Risiko für Arzneimittelinteraktionen. Hervorzuheben ist auch die einfachere Handhabung der NOAK im Alltag (kein INR[International Normalized Ratio]-Monitoring erforderlich, und unkompliziertere Unterbrechungen der Therapie bei geplanten Interventionen). Bei reduzierter Nierenfunktion sollten bei älteren Patienten NOAK gewählt werden, die auch in dieser Situation sicher eingesetzt werden können. Eine regelmäßige Überprüfung der Indikationsstellung der NOAK (wie auch aller anderen Medikamente) ist unabdingbar. Zusammenfassend weisen NOAK auch bei der Schlaganfallprophylaxe älterer Patienten gegenüber einer Therapie mit VKA viele Vorteile auf und sollten auch älteren Patienten nicht vorenthalten werden.
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Metadaten
Titel
Antikoagulation bei Vorhofflimmern im Alter
Womit und bei wem nicht mehr?
verfasst von
PD Dr. med. P. Bahrmann, MHBA, FESC
Prof. Dr. med. M. Christ
Publikationsdatum
19.12.2017
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Herz / Ausgabe 3/2018
Print ISSN: 0340-9937
Elektronische ISSN: 1615-6692
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-017-4665-z

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