Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Documenta Ophthalmologica 1/2014

01.02.2014 | Clinical Case Report

Disease progression in autosomal dominant cone–rod dystrophy caused by a novel mutation (D100G) in the GUCA1A gene

verfasst von: Eva Nong, Winston Lee, Joanna E. Merriam, Rando Allikmets, Stephen H. Tsang

Erschienen in: Documenta Ophthalmologica | Ausgabe 1/2014

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose

To document longitudinal fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and electroretinogram (ERG) findings in a family with cone–rod dystrophy (CRD) caused by a novel missense mutation (D100G) in the GUCA1A gene.

Methods

Observational case series.

Results

Three family members 26–49 years old underwent complete clinical examinations. In all patients, funduscopic findings showed intraretinal pigment migration, loss of neurosensory retinal pigment epithelium, and macular atrophy. FAF imaging revealed the presence of a progressive hyperautofluorescent ring around a hypoautofluorescent center corresponding to macular atrophy. Full-field ERGs showed a more severe loss of cone than rod function in each patient. Thirty-hertz flicker responses fell far below normal limits. Longitudinal FAF and ERG findings in one patient suggested progressive CRD. Two more advanced patients exhibited reduced rod response consistent with disease stage. Direct sequencing of the GUCA1A gene revealed a new missense mutation, p.Asp100Gly (D100G), in each patient.

Conclusion

Patients with autosomal dominant CRD caused by a D100G mutation in GUCA1A exhibit progressive vision loss early within the first decade of life identifiable by distinct ERG characteristics and subsequent genetic testing.
Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
1.
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Atmaca-Sonmez P, Khan NW, Heckenlively JR (2008) Chapter 178: Hereditary cone dystrophies. In: Albert D, Jakobiec F (eds) Albert & Jakobiec's principles & practice of ophthalmology. Saunders Retina and vitreous, Philadelphia, pp 2253–2259 Atmaca-Sonmez P, Khan NW, Heckenlively JR (2008) Chapter 178: Hereditary cone dystrophies. In: Albert D, Jakobiec F (eds) Albert & Jakobiec's principles & practice of ophthalmology. Saunders Retina and vitreous, Philadelphia, pp 2253–2259
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Michaelides M, Hunt DM, Moore AT (2004) The cone dysfunction syndromes. Br J Ophthalmol 88:291–297PubMedCrossRef Michaelides M, Hunt DM, Moore AT (2004) The cone dysfunction syndromes. Br J Ophthalmol 88:291–297PubMedCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Michaelides M, Wilkie SE, Jenkins S, Holder GE, Hunt DM, Moore AT, Webster AR (2005) Mutation in the gene GUCA1A, encoding guanylate cyclase-activating protein 1, causes cone, cone-rod, and macular dystrophy. Ophthalmology 112:1442–1447PubMedCrossRef Michaelides M, Wilkie SE, Jenkins S, Holder GE, Hunt DM, Moore AT, Webster AR (2005) Mutation in the gene GUCA1A, encoding guanylate cyclase-activating protein 1, causes cone, cone-rod, and macular dystrophy. Ophthalmology 112:1442–1447PubMedCrossRef
5.
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Thiadens AA, Phan TM, Zekveld-Vroon RC, Leroy BP, van den Born LI, Hoyng CB, Klaver CC, Roosing S, Pott JW, van Schooneveld MJ, van Moll-Ramirez N, van Genderen MM, Boon CJ, den Hollander AI, Bergen AA, De Baere E, Cremers FP, Lotery AJ, Consortium WCftCDSG (2012) Clinical course, genetic etiology, and visual outcome in cone and cone-rod dystrophy. Ophthalmology 119:819–826PubMedCrossRef Thiadens AA, Phan TM, Zekveld-Vroon RC, Leroy BP, van den Born LI, Hoyng CB, Klaver CC, Roosing S, Pott JW, van Schooneveld MJ, van Moll-Ramirez N, van Genderen MM, Boon CJ, den Hollander AI, Bergen AA, De Baere E, Cremers FP, Lotery AJ, Consortium WCftCDSG (2012) Clinical course, genetic etiology, and visual outcome in cone and cone-rod dystrophy. Ophthalmology 119:819–826PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Payne AM, Downes SM, Bessant DA, Taylor R, Holder GE, Warren MJ, Bird AC, Bhattacharya SS (1998) A mutation in guanylate cyclase activator 1A (GUCA1A) in an autosomal dominant cone dystrophy pedigree mapping to a new locus on chromosome 6p21.1. Hum Mol Genet 7:273–277PubMedCrossRef Payne AM, Downes SM, Bessant DA, Taylor R, Holder GE, Warren MJ, Bird AC, Bhattacharya SS (1998) A mutation in guanylate cyclase activator 1A (GUCA1A) in an autosomal dominant cone dystrophy pedigree mapping to a new locus on chromosome 6p21.1. Hum Mol Genet 7:273–277PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Swain PK, Chen S, Wang QL, Affatigato LM, Coats CL, Brady KD, Fishman GA, Jacobson SG, Swaroop A, Stone E, Sieving PA, Zack DJ (1997) Mutations in the cone-rod homeobox gene are associated with the cone-rod dystrophy photoreceptor degeneration. Neuron 19:1329–1336PubMedCrossRef Swain PK, Chen S, Wang QL, Affatigato LM, Coats CL, Brady KD, Fishman GA, Jacobson SG, Swaroop A, Stone E, Sieving PA, Zack DJ (1997) Mutations in the cone-rod homeobox gene are associated with the cone-rod dystrophy photoreceptor degeneration. Neuron 19:1329–1336PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Jiang L, Wheaton D, Bereta G, Zhang K, Palczewski K, Birch DG, Baehr W (2008) A novel GCAP1(N104 K) mutation in EF-hand 3 (EF3) linked to autosomal dominant cone dystrophy. Vision Res 48:2425–2432PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Jiang L, Wheaton D, Bereta G, Zhang K, Palczewski K, Birch DG, Baehr W (2008) A novel GCAP1(N104 K) mutation in EF-hand 3 (EF3) linked to autosomal dominant cone dystrophy. Vision Res 48:2425–2432PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Gregory-Evans K, Kelsell RE, Gregory-Evans CY, Downes SM, Fitzke FW, Holder GE, Simunovic M, Mollon JD, Taylor R, Hunt DM, Bird AC, Moore AT (2000) Autosomal dominant cone-rod retinal dystrophy (CORD6) from heterozygous mutation of GUCY2D, which encodes retinal guanylate cyclase. Ophthalmology 107:55–61PubMedCrossRef Gregory-Evans K, Kelsell RE, Gregory-Evans CY, Downes SM, Fitzke FW, Holder GE, Simunovic M, Mollon JD, Taylor R, Hunt DM, Bird AC, Moore AT (2000) Autosomal dominant cone-rod retinal dystrophy (CORD6) from heterozygous mutation of GUCY2D, which encodes retinal guanylate cyclase. Ophthalmology 107:55–61PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Payne AM, Morris AG, Downes SM, Johnson S, Bird AC, Moore AT, Bhattacharya SS, Hunt DM (2001) Clustering and frequency of mutations in the retinal guanylate cyclase (GUCY2D) gene in patients with dominant cone-rod dystrophies. J Med Genet 38:611–614PubMedCrossRef Payne AM, Morris AG, Downes SM, Johnson S, Bird AC, Moore AT, Bhattacharya SS, Hunt DM (2001) Clustering and frequency of mutations in the retinal guanylate cyclase (GUCY2D) gene in patients with dominant cone-rod dystrophies. J Med Genet 38:611–614PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhao X, Ren Y, Zhang X, Chen C, Dong B, Li Y (2013) A novel GUCY2D mutation in a Chinese family with dominant cone dystrophy. Mol Vis 19:1039–1046PubMed Zhao X, Ren Y, Zhang X, Chen C, Dong B, Li Y (2013) A novel GUCY2D mutation in a Chinese family with dominant cone dystrophy. Mol Vis 19:1039–1046PubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Downes SM, Holder GE, Fitzke FW, Payne AM, Warren MJ, Bhattacharya SS, Bird AC (2001) Autosomal dominant cone and cone-rod dystrophy with mutations in the guanylate cyclase activator 1A gene-encoding guanylate cyclase activating protein-1. Arch Ophthalmol 119:96–105PubMed Downes SM, Holder GE, Fitzke FW, Payne AM, Warren MJ, Bhattacharya SS, Bird AC (2001) Autosomal dominant cone and cone-rod dystrophy with mutations in the guanylate cyclase activator 1A gene-encoding guanylate cyclase activating protein-1. Arch Ophthalmol 119:96–105PubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Kohn L, Haraldsson, Kohl S, Inglehearn CF, Sandgren O, Golovleva I (2008) Mutation spectra in PITPNM3 known as a cause of autosomal dominant cone rod dystrophy (CORD5) (Abstract). American Society of Human Genet 2008 Meeting (#21021) Kohn L, Haraldsson, Kohl S, Inglehearn CF, Sandgren O, Golovleva I (2008) Mutation spectra in PITPNM3 known as a cause of autosomal dominant cone rod dystrophy (CORD5) (Abstract). American Society of Human Genet 2008 Meeting (#21021)
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson S, Halford S, Morris AG, Patel RJ, Wilkie SE, Hardcastle AJ, Moore AT, Zhang K, Hunt DM (2003) Genomic organisation and alternative splicing of human RIM1, a gene implicated in autosomal dominant cone-rod dystrophy (CORD7). Genomics 81:304–314PubMedCrossRef Johnson S, Halford S, Morris AG, Patel RJ, Wilkie SE, Hardcastle AJ, Moore AT, Zhang K, Hunt DM (2003) Genomic organisation and alternative splicing of human RIM1, a gene implicated in autosomal dominant cone-rod dystrophy (CORD7). Genomics 81:304–314PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Sohocki MM, Daiger SP, Bowne SJ, Rodriquez JA, Northrup H, Heckenlively JR, Birch DG, Mintz-Hittner H, Ruiz RS, Lewis RA, Saperstein DA, Sullivan LS (2001) Prevalence of mutations causing retinitis pigmentosa and other inherited retinopathies. Hum Mutat 17:42–51PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Sohocki MM, Daiger SP, Bowne SJ, Rodriquez JA, Northrup H, Heckenlively JR, Birch DG, Mintz-Hittner H, Ruiz RS, Lewis RA, Saperstein DA, Sullivan LS (2001) Prevalence of mutations causing retinitis pigmentosa and other inherited retinopathies. Hum Mutat 17:42–51PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang Z, Chen Y, Lillo C, Chien J, Yu Z, Michaelides M, Klein M, Howes KA, Li Y, Kaminoh Y, Chen H, Zhao C, Al-Sheikh YT, Karan G, Corbeil D, Escher P, Kamaya S, Li C, Johnson S, Frederick JM, Zhao Y, Wang C, Cameron DJ, Huttner WB, Schorderet DF, Munier FL, Moore AT, Birch DG, Baehr W, Hunt DM, Williams DS, Zhang K (2008) Mutant prominin 1 found in patients with macular degeneration disrupts photoreceptor disk morphogenesis in mice. J Clin Invest 118:2908–2916PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Yang Z, Chen Y, Lillo C, Chien J, Yu Z, Michaelides M, Klein M, Howes KA, Li Y, Kaminoh Y, Chen H, Zhao C, Al-Sheikh YT, Karan G, Corbeil D, Escher P, Kamaya S, Li C, Johnson S, Frederick JM, Zhao Y, Wang C, Cameron DJ, Huttner WB, Schorderet DF, Munier FL, Moore AT, Birch DG, Baehr W, Hunt DM, Williams DS, Zhang K (2008) Mutant prominin 1 found in patients with macular degeneration disrupts photoreceptor disk morphogenesis in mice. J Clin Invest 118:2908–2916PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Kobayashi A, Higashide T, Hamasaki D, Kubota S, Sakuma H, An W, Fujimaki T, McLaren MJ, Weleber RG, Inana G (2000) HRG4 (UNC119) mutation found in cone-rod dystrophy causes retinal degeneration in a transgenic model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 41:3268–3277PubMed Kobayashi A, Higashide T, Hamasaki D, Kubota S, Sakuma H, An W, Fujimaki T, McLaren MJ, Weleber RG, Inana G (2000) HRG4 (UNC119) mutation found in cone-rod dystrophy causes retinal degeneration in a transgenic model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 41:3268–3277PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Nakazawa M, Naoi N, Wada Y, Nakazaki S, Maruiwa F, Sawada A, Tamai M (1996) Autosomal dominant cone-rod dystrophy associated with a Val200Glu mutation of the peripherin/RDS gene. Retina 16:405–410PubMedCrossRef Nakazawa M, Naoi N, Wada Y, Nakazaki S, Maruiwa F, Sawada A, Tamai M (1996) Autosomal dominant cone-rod dystrophy associated with a Val200Glu mutation of the peripherin/RDS gene. Retina 16:405–410PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Abid A, Ismail M, Mehdi SQ, Khaliq S (2006) Identification of novel mutations in the SEMA4A gene associated with retinal degenerative diseases. J Med Genet 43:378–381PubMedCrossRef Abid A, Ismail M, Mehdi SQ, Khaliq S (2006) Identification of novel mutations in the SEMA4A gene associated with retinal degenerative diseases. J Med Genet 43:378–381PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang RB, Foster DC, Garbers DL, Fülle HJ (1995) Two membrane forms of guanylyl cyclase found in the eye. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:602–606PubMedCrossRef Yang RB, Foster DC, Garbers DL, Fülle HJ (1995) Two membrane forms of guanylyl cyclase found in the eye. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:602–606PubMedCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Nishiguchi KM, Sokal I, Yang L, Roychowdhury N, Palczewski K, Berson EL, Dryja TP, Baehr W (2004) A novel mutation (I143NT) in guanylate cyclase-activating protein 1 (GCAP1) associated with autosomal dominant cone degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 45:3863–3870PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Nishiguchi KM, Sokal I, Yang L, Roychowdhury N, Palczewski K, Berson EL, Dryja TP, Baehr W (2004) A novel mutation (I143NT) in guanylate cyclase-activating protein 1 (GCAP1) associated with autosomal dominant cone degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 45:3863–3870PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Pugh EN Jr, Duda T, Sitaramayya A, Sharma RK (1997) Photoreceptor guanylate cyclases: a review. Biosci Rep 5:429–473CrossRef Pugh EN Jr, Duda T, Sitaramayya A, Sharma RK (1997) Photoreceptor guanylate cyclases: a review. Biosci Rep 5:429–473CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Gorczyca WA, Polans AS, Surgucheva IG, Subbaraya I, Baehr W, Palczewski K (1995) Guanylyl cyclase activating protein. A calcium-sensitive regulator of phototransduction. J Biol Chem 270:22029–22036PubMedCrossRef Gorczyca WA, Polans AS, Surgucheva IG, Subbaraya I, Baehr W, Palczewski K (1995) Guanylyl cyclase activating protein. A calcium-sensitive regulator of phototransduction. J Biol Chem 270:22029–22036PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Polans A, Baehr W, Palczewski K (1996) Turned on by Ca2 + ! The physiology and pathology of Ca(2 +)-binding proteins in the retina. Trends Neurosci 19:547–554PubMedCrossRef Polans A, Baehr W, Palczewski K (1996) Turned on by Ca2 + ! The physiology and pathology of Ca(2 +)-binding proteins in the retina. Trends Neurosci 19:547–554PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsang SH, Tsui I, Chou CL, Zernant J, Haamer E, Iranmanesh R, Tosi J, Allikmets R (2008) A novel mutation and phenotypes in phosphodiesterase 6 deficiency. Am J Ophthalmol 146:780–788PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Tsang SH, Tsui I, Chou CL, Zernant J, Haamer E, Iranmanesh R, Tosi J, Allikmets R (2008) A novel mutation and phenotypes in phosphodiesterase 6 deficiency. Am J Ophthalmol 146:780–788PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Sancho-Pelluz J, Tosi J, Hsu CW, Lee F, Wolpert K, Tabacaru MR, Greenberg JP, Tsang SH, Lin CS (2012) Mice with a D190 N mutation in the gene encoding rhodopsin: a model for human autosomal-dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Mol Med 18:549–555PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Sancho-Pelluz J, Tosi J, Hsu CW, Lee F, Wolpert K, Tabacaru MR, Greenberg JP, Tsang SH, Lin CS (2012) Mice with a D190 N mutation in the gene encoding rhodopsin: a model for human autosomal-dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Mol Med 18:549–555PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Gal A, Orth U, Baehr W, Schwinger E, Rosenberg T (1994) Heterozygous missense mutation in the rod cGMP phosphodiesterase beta-subunit gene in autosomal dominant stationary night blindness. Nat Genet 7:551PubMedCrossRef Gal A, Orth U, Baehr W, Schwinger E, Rosenberg T (1994) Heterozygous missense mutation in the rod cGMP phosphodiesterase beta-subunit gene in autosomal dominant stationary night blindness. Nat Genet 7:551PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Perrault I, Rozet JM, Calvas P, Gerber S, Camuzat A, Dollfus H, Châtelin S, Souied E, Ghazi I, Leowski C, Bonnemaison M, Le Paslier D, Frézal J, Dufier JL, Pittler S, Munnich A, Kaplan J (1996) Retinal-specific guanylate cyclase gene mutations in Leber’s congenital amaurosis. Nat Genet 14:461–464PubMedCrossRef Perrault I, Rozet JM, Calvas P, Gerber S, Camuzat A, Dollfus H, Châtelin S, Souied E, Ghazi I, Leowski C, Bonnemaison M, Le Paslier D, Frézal J, Dufier JL, Pittler S, Munnich A, Kaplan J (1996) Retinal-specific guanylate cyclase gene mutations in Leber’s congenital amaurosis. Nat Genet 14:461–464PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Perrault I, Rozet JM, Gerber S, Ghazi I, Ducroq D, Souied E, Leowski C, Bonnemaison M, Dufier JL, Munnich A, Kaplan J (2000) Spectrum of retGC1 mutations in Leber’s congenital amaurosis. Eur J Hum Genet 8:578–582PubMedCrossRef Perrault I, Rozet JM, Gerber S, Ghazi I, Ducroq D, Souied E, Leowski C, Bonnemaison M, Dufier JL, Munnich A, Kaplan J (2000) Spectrum of retGC1 mutations in Leber’s congenital amaurosis. Eur J Hum Genet 8:578–582PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Heckenlively JR, Arden GB (2006) Principles and practice of clinical electrophysiology of vision. MIT Press, Cambridge, pp 795–802 Heckenlively JR, Arden GB (2006) Principles and practice of clinical electrophysiology of vision. MIT Press, Cambridge, pp 795–802
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang I, Khan NW, Branham K, Wissinger B, Kohl S, Heckenlively JR (2012) Establishing baseline rod electroretinogram values in achromatopsia and cone dystrophy. Doc Ophthalmol 125:229–233CrossRef Wang I, Khan NW, Branham K, Wissinger B, Kohl S, Heckenlively JR (2012) Establishing baseline rod electroretinogram values in achromatopsia and cone dystrophy. Doc Ophthalmol 125:229–233CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Palczewski K, Sokal I, Baehr W (2004) Guanylate cyclase-activating proteins: structure, function, and diversity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 322:1123–1130PubMedCrossRef Palczewski K, Sokal I, Baehr W (2004) Guanylate cyclase-activating proteins: structure, function, and diversity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 322:1123–1130PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Marmor MF, Fulton AB, Holder GE, Miyake Y, Brigell M, Bach M, Vision ISfCEo (2009) ISCEV Standard for full-field clinical electroretinography (2008 update). Doc Ophthalmol 118:69–77PubMedCrossRef Marmor MF, Fulton AB, Holder GE, Miyake Y, Brigell M, Bach M, Vision ISfCEo (2009) ISCEV Standard for full-field clinical electroretinography (2008 update). Doc Ophthalmol 118:69–77PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Kachi S, Nishizawa Y, Olshevskaya E, Yamazaki A, Miyake Y, Wakabayashi T, Dizhoor A, Usukura J (1999) Detailed localization of photoreceptor guanylate cyclase activating protein-1 and -2 in mammalian retinas using light and electron microscopy. Exp Eye Res 68:465–473PubMedCrossRef Kachi S, Nishizawa Y, Olshevskaya E, Yamazaki A, Miyake Y, Wakabayashi T, Dizhoor A, Usukura J (1999) Detailed localization of photoreceptor guanylate cyclase activating protein-1 and -2 in mammalian retinas using light and electron microscopy. Exp Eye Res 68:465–473PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Bovolenta P, Cisneros E (2009) Retinitis pigmentosa: cone photoreceptors starving to death. Nat Neurosci 12:5–6PubMedCrossRef Bovolenta P, Cisneros E (2009) Retinitis pigmentosa: cone photoreceptors starving to death. Nat Neurosci 12:5–6PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Kitiratschky VB, Behnen P, Kellner U, Heckenlively JR, Zrenner E, Jägle H, Kohl S, Wissinger B, Koch KW (2009) Mutations in the GUCA1A gene involved in hereditary cone dystrophies impair calcium-mediated regulation of guanylate cyclase. Hum Mutat 30:E782–E796PubMedCrossRef Kitiratschky VB, Behnen P, Kellner U, Heckenlively JR, Zrenner E, Jägle H, Kohl S, Wissinger B, Koch KW (2009) Mutations in the GUCA1A gene involved in hereditary cone dystrophies impair calcium-mediated regulation of guanylate cyclase. Hum Mutat 30:E782–E796PubMedCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Katz ML, Drea CM, Eldred GE, Hess HH, Robison WG (1986) Influence of early photoreceptor degeneration on lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium. Exp Eye Res 43:561–573PubMedCrossRef Katz ML, Drea CM, Eldred GE, Hess HH, Robison WG (1986) Influence of early photoreceptor degeneration on lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium. Exp Eye Res 43:561–573PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Disease progression in autosomal dominant cone–rod dystrophy caused by a novel mutation (D100G) in the GUCA1A gene
verfasst von
Eva Nong
Winston Lee
Joanna E. Merriam
Rando Allikmets
Stephen H. Tsang
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2014
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Documenta Ophthalmologica / Ausgabe 1/2014
Print ISSN: 0012-4486
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-2622
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10633-013-9420-z

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2014

Documenta Ophthalmologica 1/2014 Zur Ausgabe

Neu im Fachgebiet Augenheilkunde

Update Augenheilkunde

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.