Background
Methods
Statistical analysis
Results
General characteristics
Total (n = 8063) | Male (n = 5478) | Female (n = 2585) | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year-old), mean ± SD | 50.88 ± 11.92 | 49.98 ± 11.49 | 52.87 ± 12.59 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 25.02 ± 3.39 | 25.54 ± 3.22 | 23.91 ± 3.48 | < 0.001 |
SBP (mmHg), mean ± SD | 130.54 ± 18.85 | 131.49 ± 17.28 | 128.52 ± 21.68 | < 0.001 |
DBP (mmHg), mean ± SD | 78.66 ± 11.96 | 81.13 ± 11.46 | 73.43 ± 11.30 | < 0.001 |
Pulse (bpm), mean ± SD | 77.54 ± 11.31 | 76.77 ± 11.18 | 79.19 ± 11.42 | < 0.001 |
Smoking status, N (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Current and former | 1312 (16.27) | 1312 (23.95) | 0 (0.00) | |
Never | 6751 (83.73) | 4166 (76.05) | 2585 (100) | |
Alcohol dringking, N (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Current and former | 1930 (23.94) | 1928 (35.20) | 2 (0.08) | |
Never | 6133 (76.06) | 3550 (64.80) | 2583 (99.92) | |
Hcy (μmol/L), M(P25–P75) | 10.2 (8.3–12.8) | 10.9 (9–13.8) | 8.6 (7.1–10.7) | < 0.001 |
ALT (U/L), M(P25–P75) | 24 (18–34) | 26.5 (20–38) | 19 (15–26) | < 0.001 |
ALP (U/L), M(P25–P75) | 81 (67–96) | 81 (69–95) | 80 (65–98) | 0.054 |
γ-GT (U/L), M(P25–P75) | 28 (19–45) | 33 (23–53) | 18 (14–27) | < 0.001 |
TBIL (μmol/L), M(P25–P75) | 13.7 (10.8–17.3) | 14.4 (11.6–18.1) | 12 (9.6–15.1) | < 0.001 |
GLU (mmol/L), M(P25–P75) | 5.3 (4.9–5.8) | 5.3 (5–5.8) | 5.2 (4.9–5.6) | < 0.001 |
TC (mmol/L), M(P25–P75) | 5.1 (4.5–5.8) | 5.1 (4.5–5.7) | 5.2 (4.6–5.8) | < 0.001 |
TG (mmol/L), M(P25–P75) | 1.4 (0.95–2.1) | 1.54 (1.05–2.32) | 1.14 (0. 81–1.67) | < 0.001 |
HDL-c (mmol/L), M(P25–P75) | 1.27 (1.09–1.49) | 1.2 (1.05–1.39) | 1.44 (1.24–1.67) | < 0.001 |
LDL-c (mmol/L), M(P25–P75) | 3.06 (2.54–3.57) | 3.07 (2.56–3.59) | 3.01 (2.51–3.53) | 0.013 |
Urea (mmol/L), M(P25–P75) | 5.3 (4.5–6.1) | 5.4 (4.6–6.3) | 5 (4.1–5.9) | < 0.001 |
Cr (μmol/L), M(P25–P75) | 67 (57–76) | 72 (66–80) | 53 (48–59) | < 0.001 |
UA (μmol/L), M(P25–P75) | 332 (269–393) | 363 (313–416) | 256 (218–304) | < 0.001 |
Comparison of Hcy between different groups
Hcy (n = 8063) | Z/H | P | Male | Female | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hcy(n = 5478) | Z/H | P | Hcy(n = 2585) | Z/H | P | ||||
Sex | 30.910 | < 0.001 | – | – | – | – | |||
Male | 10.9 (9.0–13.8) | – | – | ||||||
Female | 8.6 (7.1–10.7) | – | – | ||||||
Smoking status | − 8.896 | < 0.001 | 0.581 | 0.5610 | – | – | |||
Current and former | 10.9 (9.0–13.8) | 10.9 (9.0–13.8) | – | ||||||
Never | 10.1 (8.1–12.7) | 11.0 (9.1–13.8) | 8.6 (7.1–10.7) | ||||||
Alcohol drinking | − 11.048 | < 0.001 | 1.183 | 0.2368 | 0.660 | 0.510 | |||
Current and former | 10.8 (9.0–13.6) | 10.8 (9.0–13.6) | 7.8 (6.9–8.7) | ||||||
Never | 10.0 (8.1–12.6) | 11.0 (9.1–13.9) | 8.6 (7.1–10.7) | ||||||
BMI(kg/m2) | 117.157 | < 0.001 | 4.565 | 0.2066 | 32.569 | < 0.001 | |||
Weight loss | 9.2 (7.9–12.4) | 11.8 (8.9–15.9) | 8.6 (7.2–10.2) | ||||||
Normal | 9.7 (7.9–12.2) | 10.7 (8.9–13.6) | 8.4 (7.0–10.4) | ||||||
Overweight | 10.5 (8.5–13.2) | 11.1 (9.1–13.8) | 8.7 (7.1–10.9) | ||||||
Obesity | 10.6 (8.7–13.5) | 10.8 (9–13.95) | 9.5 (7.9–11.5) | ||||||
Blood pressure (mmHg) | − 12.666 | < 0.001 | − 4.511 | < 0.0001 | − 9.976 | < 0.001 | |||
Normal | 9.6 (7.8–12.2) | 10.7 (8.8–13.4) | 8.2 (6.8–10.0) | ||||||
Abnormal | 10.6 (8.7–13.4) | 11.1 (9.2–14.1) | 9.2 (7.7–11.4) | ||||||
ALT (U/L) | − 0.004 | 0.997 | 2.069 | 0.0386 | 0.582 | 0.560 | |||
Normal | 10.2 (8.3–12.8) | 11.0 (9.1–13.9) | 8.6 (7.2–10.7) | ||||||
Abnormal | 10.3 (8.3–12.7) | 10.7 (8.8–13.3) | 8.5 (6.9–10.9) | ||||||
ALP (U/L) | 2.573 | 0.010 | 1.676 | 0.0938 | 0.349 | 0.728 | |||
Normal | 10.3 (8.3–12.8) | 11.0 (9.0–13.8) | 8.6 (7.2–10.7) | ||||||
Abnormal | 9.6 (8.0–12.4) | 10.5 (8.8–13.7) | 8.55 (7.0–10.9) | ||||||
γ-GT (U/L) | − 5.507 | < 0.001 | − 1.082 | 0.2792 | − 1.246 | 0.213 | |||
Normal | 10.1 (8.2–12.7) | 10.9 (9–13.7) | 8.6 (7.1–10.6) | ||||||
Abnormal | 10.8 (8.6–13.5) | 11.1 (9–14.1) | 8.7 (7.3–11.3) | ||||||
TBIL (μmol/L) | − 7.236 | < 0.001 | − 4.158 | < 0.0001 | − 0.749 | 0.454 | |||
Normal | 10.1 (8.2–12.7) | 10.9 (9.0–13.7) | 8.6 (7.2–10.7) | ||||||
Abnormal | 11.2 (9.1–13.9) | 11.7 (9.6–14.2) | 8.8 (7.0–11.6) | ||||||
GLU (mmol/L) | − 3.109 | 0.002 | 2.112 | 0.0347 | − 3.922 | < 0.001 | |||
Normal | 10.2 (8.2–12.8) | 11.0 (9–13.8) | 8.6 (7.1–10.6) | ||||||
Abnormal | 10.5 (8.6–13.1) | 10.8 (9–13.7) | 9.2 (7.6–11.4) | ||||||
TC (mmol/L) | − 1.192 | 0.233 | − 1.222 | 0.2216 | − 3.506 | < 0.001 | |||
Normal | 10.2 (8.2–12.8) | 10.9 (9.0–13.8) | 8.5 (7.0–10.4) | ||||||
Abnormal | 10.2 (8.3–12.9) | 11.1 (9.1–13.8) | 8.8 (7.3–11.0) | ||||||
TG (mmol/L) | − 9.402 | < 0.001 | − 2.261 | 0.0237 | − 4.309 | < 0.001 | |||
Normal | 10.0 (8.0–12.5) | 10.9 (9.0–13.6) | 8.5 (7.0–10.6) | ||||||
Abnormal | 10.6 (8.7–13.4) | 11.0 (9.1–14.0) | 9.0 (7.5–11.1) | ||||||
HDL (mmol/L) | − 5.308 | < 0.001 | 0.698 | 0.4855 | 0.0274 | 0.027 | |||
Normal | 10.1 (8.2–12.7) | 10.9 (9.0–13.9) | 8.6 (7.1–10.7) | ||||||
Abnormal | 10.7 (8.7–13.4) | 10.9 (8.9–13.5) | 8.8 (7.7–12.1) | ||||||
LDL (mmol/L) | − 0.313 | 0.754 | 1.086 | 0.2776 | − 0.879 | 0.380 | |||
Normal | 10.2 (8.3–12.8) | 11.0 (9.0–13.8) | 8.6 (7.1–10.6) | ||||||
Abnormal | 10.2 (8.3–12.8) | 10.8 (9.0–13.7) | 8.7 (7.2–10.9) | ||||||
Urea (mmol/L) | − 2.691 | 0.007 | − 1.822 | 0.068 | − 1.759 | 0.079 | |||
Normal | 10.2 (8.3–12.8) | 10.9 (9.0–13.8) | 8.6 (7.1–10.6) | ||||||
Abnormal | 10.9 (8.3–14.1) | 11.6 (9.2–14.8) | 9.4 (7.2–11.6) | ||||||
Cr(μmol/L) | 0.030 | 0.976 | − 0.188 | 0.851 | 1.649 | 0.099 | |||
Normal | 10.2 (8.3–12.8) | 10.9 (9.0–13.8) | 8.7 (7.2–10.7) | ||||||
Abnormal | 10.2 (8.0–13.4) | 11.0 (8.8–14.2) | 8.2 (6.7–10.8) | ||||||
UA(μmol/L) | − 13.132 | < 0.001 | − 5.409 | < 0.001 | − .389 | < 0.001 | |||
Normal | 10.0 (8.1–12.5) | 10.8 (8.9–13.6) | 8.5 (7.0–10.5) | ||||||
Abnormal | 11.1 (9.2–14.2) | 11.3 (9.4–14.5) | 9.8 (8.4–12.5) |
Comparison of high and low Hcy indicators by gender
Male | Female | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low Hcy (n = 4479) | High Hcy (n = 999) | P | Low Hcy (n = 2479) | High Hcy (n = 106) | P | |
Age (year-old), mean ± SD | 49.66 ± 11.16 | 51.37 ± 12.78 | < 0.001 | 52.42 ± 12.50 | 61.79 ± 11.25 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 25.54 ± 3.21 | 25.55 ± 3.28 | 0.941 | 23.86 ± 3.40 | 25.14 ± 4.88 | < 0.001 |
SBP (mmHg), mean ± SD | 130.92 ± 16.97 | 134.05 ± 18.36 | < 0.001 | 128.04 ± 21.59 | 139.77 ± 21.00 | < 0.001 |
DBP (mmHg), mean ± SD | 80.90 ± 11.34 | 82.16 ± 11.96 | 0.002 | 73.27 ± 11.24 | 77.00 ± 12.03 | < 0.001 |
Pulse (bpm), mean ± SD | 76.71 ± 11.13 | 77.04 ± 11.41 | 0.395 | 79.27 ± 11.43 | 77.32 ± 11.00 | 0.085 |
ALT (U/L), M(P25–P75) | 26 (20–38) | 27 (19–38) | 0. 950 | 19 (15–26) | 20 (14–25) | 0.715 |
ALP (U/L), M(P25–P75) | 80 (68–95) | 82 (69–97) | 0.056 | 80 (64–97) | 86.5 (71–108) | 0.001 |
γ-GT (U/L), M(P25–P75) | 33 (23–52) | 34 (23–56) | 0.023 | 18 (14–27) | 20 (15–30) | 0.058 |
TBIL (μmol/L), M(P25–P75) | 14.3 (11.5–18) | 15.1 (12.1–18.8) | < 0.001 | 12 (9.6–15.1) | 12.6 (10.6–15. 5) | 0.059 |
GLU (mmol/L), M(P25–P75) | 5.3 (5–5.9) | 5.2 (4.9–5.7) | < 0.001 | 5.2 (4.9–5.6) | 5.3 (4.9–6.2) | 0.011 |
TC (mmol/L), M(P25–P75) | 5.1 (4.5–5.7) | 5.1 (4.5–5.8) | 0.652 | 5.2 (4.6–5.8) | 5.3 (4.6–5.9) | 0.395 |
TG (mmol/L), M(P25–P75) | 1.53 (1.03–2.29) | 1.6 (1.11–2.48) | 0.011 | 1.13 (0.8–1.66) | 1.36 (0.97–2) | 0.003 |
HDL-c (mmol/L), M(P25–P75) | 1.2 (1.04–1.4) | 1.2 (1.06–1.37) | 0.775 | 1.44 (1.24–1.67) | 1.37 (1.19–1.55) | 0.005 |
LDL-c (mmol/L), M(P25–P75) | 3.08 (2.57–3.6) | 3.06 (2.52–3.58) | 0.197 | 3.01 (2.51–3.53) | 2.99 (2.47–3.55) | 0.594 |
Urea (mmol/L), M(P25–P75) | 5.4 (4.6–6.2) | 5.4 (4.6–6.3) | 0.228 | 4.9 (4.1–5.8) | 5.3 (4.4–6.3) | 0.006 |
Cr (μmol/L), M(P25–P75) | 72 (65–79) | 75 (68–83) | < 0.001 | 53 (48–59) | 57.5 (52–66) | < 0.001 |
UA (μmol/L), M(P25–P75) | 361 (312–413) | 370 (324–429) | < 0.001 | 255 (218–301) | 290 (235–377) | < 0.001 |
Linear regression model analysis of the effect of serum Hcy level on blood lipid level
Single factor analysis | Multiple-factor analysis | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
β(SE) | P | β(SE) | P | |
LnTC | ||||
lnHcy | 0.005 (0.007) | 0.458 | 0.009 (0.007) | 0.216 |
Hcy (vs. Hcy ≤ 15 μmol/L) | − 0.032 (0.016) | 0.046 | − 0.036 (0.016) | 0.027 |
LnTG | ||||
lnHcy | 0.212 (0.022) | < 0.001 | 0.080 (0.021) | < 0.001 |
Hcy (vs. Hcy ≤ 15 μmol/L) | 0.090 (0.049) | 0.068 | 0.047 (0.047) | 0.324 |
LnHDL-c | ||||
lnHcy | − 0.087 (0.009) | < 0.001 | − 0.021 (0.008) | 0.011 |
Hcy (vs. Hcy ≤ 15 μmol/L) | − 0.060 (0.017) | 0.001 | − 0.038 (0.016) | 0.019 |
LnLDL-c | ||||
lnHcy | − 0.004 (0.010) | 0.661 | − 0.014 (0.010) | 0.169 |
Hcy (vs. Hcy ≤ 15 μmol/L) | − 0.021 (0.023) | 0.365 | − 0.034 (0.023) | 0.140 |
LnALT | ||||
lnHcy | 0.079 (0.019) | < 0.001 | − 0.053 (0.018) | 0.003 |
Hcy (vs. Hcy ≤ 15 μmol/L) | 0.037 (0.043) | 0.389 | − 0.020 (0.041) | 0.621 |
LnALP | ||||
lnHcy | 0.037 (0.010) | < 0.001 | 0.008 (0.011) | 0.401 |
Hcy (vs. Hcy ≤ 15 μmol/L) | 0.062 (0.022) | 0.004 | 0.068 (0.022) | 0.002 |
Lnγ-GT | ||||
lnHcy | 0.206 (0.025) | < 0.001 | − 0.031 (0.023) | 0.168 |
Hcy (vs. Hcy ≤ 15 μmol/L) | 0.072 (0.057) | 0.210 | 0.036 (0.054) | 0.503 |
LnTBIL | ||||
lnHcy | 0.122 (0.013) | < 0.001 | 0.054 (0.014) | < 0.001 |
Hcy (vs. Hcy ≤ 15 μmol/L) | 0.014 (0.030) | 0.633 | 0.020 (0.030) | 0.506 |
LnUrea | ||||
lnHcy | 0.070 (0.009) | < 0.001 | 0.017 (0.009) | 0.058 |
Hcy (vs. Hcy ≤ 15 μmol/L) | − 0.045 (0.021) | 0.034 | − 0.030 (0.021) | 0.159 |
lnCr | ||||
lnHcy | 0.177 (0.008) | < 0.001 | 0.065 (0.006) | < 0.001 |
Hcy (vs. Hcy ≤ 15 μmol/L) | 0.065 (0.016) | < 0.001 | 0.055 (0.016) | < 0.001 |
lnUA | ||||
lnHcy | 0.196 (0.010) | < 0.001 | 0.069 (0.009) | < 0.001 |
Hcy (vs. Hcy ≤ 15 μmol/L) | 0.062 (0.020) | 0.002 | 0.043 (0.019) | 0.022 |
Logistic regression model analysis of serum Hcy on each index
Single factor analysis | Multiple-factor analysis | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95%CI) | P | OR (95%CI) | P | |
TG < 1.7 mmol/L | ||||
lnHcy | 1.870 (1.581–2.212) | < 0.001 | 1.281 (1.078–1.523) | 0.005 |
Hcy (vs. Hcy ≤ 15 μmol/L) | 1.285 (0.928–1.780) | 0.131 | 1.116 (0.791–1.573) | 0.533 |
TC < 5.2 mmol/L | ||||
lnHcy | 1.054 (0.911–1.219) | 0.479 | 1.083 (0.929–1.263) | 0.307 |
Hcy (vs. Hcy ≤ 15 μmol/L) | 0.795 (0.573–1.104) | 0.171 | 0.743 (0.531–1.041) | 0.084 |
HDL-C > 1.0 mmol/L | ||||
lnHcy | 1.803 (1.404–2.316) | < 0.001 | 1.065 (0.835–1.359) | 0.613 |
Hcy (vs. Hcy ≤ 15 μmol/L) | 1.772 (1.184–2.653) | 0.005 | 1.558 (1.017–2.386) | 0.042 |
LDL-c < 3.4 mmol/L | ||||
lnHcy | 0.905 (0.776–1.055) | 0.201 | 0.820 (0.699–0.962) | 0.015 |
Hcy (vs. Hcy ≤ 15 μmol/L) | 0.859 (0.603–1.225) | 0.401 | 0.819 (0.570–1.177) | 0.280 |
γ-GT (10–60 U/L (7–45 U/L)) | ||||
lnHcy | 1.270 (1.028–1.569) | 0.027 | 0.902 (0.729–1.116) | 0.343 |
Hcy (vs. Hcy ≤ 15 μmol/L) | 1.186 (0.808–1.740) | 0.384 | 1.108 (0.744–1.649) | 0.615 |
ALT (9–50 U/L (7–40 U/L)) | ||||
lnHcy | 0.899 (0.720–1.123) | 0.348 | 0.791 (0.627–0.998) | 0.048 |
Hcy (vs. Hcy ≤ 15 μmol/L) | 1.411 (0.880–2.260) | 0.153 | 1.175 (0.717–1.924) | 0.522 |
ALP (45–125 U/L (35–100 U/L)) | ||||
lnHcy | 0.692 (0.531–0.900) | 0.006 | 0.726 (0.550–0.958) | 0.024 |
Hcy (vs. Hcy ≤ 15 μmol/L) | 1.940 (1.093–3.444) | 0.024 | 1.992 (1.111–3.571) | 0.021 |
TBIL ≤ 23 μmol/L | ||||
lnHcy | 2.456 (1.741–3.464) | < 0.001 | 1.707 (1.205–2.418) | 0.003 |
Hcy (vs. Hcy ≤ 15 μmol/L) | 1.211 (0.736–1.993) | 0.452 | 1.241 (0.750–2.055) | 0.401 |
Urea (3.1–8.8 mmol/L) | ||||
lnHcy | 1.181 (0.767–1.817) | 0.450 | 1.046 (0.675–1.623) | 0.839 |
Hcy (vs. Hcy ≤ 15 μmol/L) | 0.817 (0.367–1.818) | 0.620 | 0.963 (0.433–2.145) | 0.927 |
UA (UA ≤ 420 umol/L(UA ≤ 360umol/L)) | ||||
lnHcy | 3.106 (2.439–3.956) | < 0.001 | 2.008 (1.565–2.575) | < 0.001 |
Hcy (vs. Hcy ≤ 15 μmol/L) | 1.485 (1.052–2.096) | 0.024 | 1.487 (1.037–2.131) | 0.031 |
Cr (57–97 μmoI/L (41–73 μmoI/L)) | ||||
lnHcy | 0.737 (0.565–0.960) | 0.023 | 0.663 (0.508–0.866) | 0.003 |
Hcy (vs. Hcy ≤ 15 μmol/L) | 2.068 (1.271–3.366) | 0.003 | 2.241 (1.364–3.681) | 0.001 |