Background
The prevalence of obesity has increased to epidemic proportions and, as a result, the number of bariatric surgeries has increased worldwide. To date, bariatric surgery remains the sole medical intervention that achieves considerable and sustained weight loss. As both obesity and bariatric surgery are associated with nutritional deficiencies, the aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary intake of macro- and micronutrients in patients before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).
Methods
A prospective observational study was performed at University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium. Patients completed a dietary record of two non-consecutive days before RYGB and 1 and 3 months after RYGB. Intake of macronutrients and micronutrients was calculated for the different time-points. Paired sample t-tests were performed to analyse differences between time-points.
Anzeige
Results
Table 1
Intake of macronutrients at different time-points, shown as mean±SD.
n=22 | Intake pre-RYGB | Intake 1 month post-RYGB | Intake 3 months post-RYGB | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Carbohydrates (g)
| 245.2±72.4 | 81.8±39.1 | 110.9±51.42 | 1,2 |
Proteins (g)
| 87.3±23.8 | 37.2±16.6 | 48.0±14.4 | 1,2,3 |
Fat (g)
| 92.2±40.4 | 20.5±12.6 | 36.3±16.2 | 1,2,3 |
Table 2
Intake of micronutrients at different time-points, shown as mean±SD.
Intake pre-RYGB (32 patients) | Intake 1 month post-RYGB (28 patients) | Intake 3 months post-RYGB (26 patients) | Significance | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Ca (mg)
| 970.4±519.6 | 638.4±287.9 | 695.1±352.3 | |
Fe (mg)
| 12.6±3.7 | 5±2.9 | 6.0±1.8 | 1,2 |
Cu (mg)
| 2.1±1.5 | 1.0±0.9 | 4.9±18.6 | |
Zn (mg)
| 46.6±92.1 | 10.2±21.1 | 6.6±3.7 | |
Vitamin A (µg)
| 962.8±405.2 | 721.5±490.0 | 787.5±716.6 | |
Vitamin B1 (mg)
| 1.7±0.7 | 0.6±0.3 | 0.8±0.3 | 1,2 |
Vitamin B12 (µg)
| 5.4±2.5 | 2.3±1.5 | 3.3±1.8 | 1,2 |
Vitamin C (mg)
| 138.9±83.8 | 70.3±56.7 | 85.1±52.2 | 1,2 |
Vitamin D (µg)
| 8.4±5.1 | 5.2±3.3 | 4.2±3.2 |
Conclusions
The intake of macro- and micronutrients is markedly decreased one month after RYGB. At three months post-surgery, the intake of macronutrient increases, but the micronutrient intake remains identical at a worryingly low level. Our data clearly suggest that nutritional guidance is essential following bariatric surgery.
Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov #NCT01571180.
Acknowledgements
I.G. receives a PhD scholarship from the Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology, Flanders.
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.