Background
Methods
Results
Characters | Categories | frequency | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 96 | 48 |
Female | 104 | 52 | |
Age | 31–40 | 20 | 10.1 |
41–50 | 60 | 30.2 | |
51–60 | 55 | 27.6 | |
61–70 | 54 | 27.1 | |
71–80 | 9 | 4.5 | |
81–90 | 1 | 0.5 | |
Education | Uneducated | 46 | 23.1 |
Primary School | 41 | 20.6 | |
Middle school | 37 | 18.6 | |
High school | 69 | 34.7 | |
UG and PG | 6 | 3 | |
Family income per month | < 1600 | 5 | 2.8 |
1601–4800 | 19 | 10.6 | |
4801–8009 | 52 | 29.1 | |
8010–12,019 | 62 | 34.6 | |
12,020–16,019 | 24 | 13.4 | |
> 16,020 | 17 | 9.5 | |
Diabetic since | less than 5 years | 105 | 56.8 |
5–10 years | 40 | 21.6 | |
> 10 years | 40 | 21.6 | |
Type of family | Nuclear | 182 | 91 |
Joint | 18 | 9 |
Diabetes self-management behaviors
Question | Median Number of days in the past week | IQR |
---|---|---|
How many of the last SEVEN DAYS have you followed a healthful eating plan? | 6 | 2–6 |
On average, over the past month, how many DAYS PER WEEK have you followed your eating plan | 6 | 2–6 |
On of the last SEVEN DAYS did you eat five or more servings of fruits and vegetables? | 0 | 0 |
On how many of the last SEVEN DAYS did you avoid high fat foods such as red meat or full-fat dairy products? | 6 | 5–7 |
On how many of the last SEVEN DAYS did you participate in at least 30 min of physical activity? | 0 | 0–7 |
On how many of the last SEVEN DAYS did you participate in a specific exercise session (such as swimming, walking, biking) other than what you do around the house or as part of your work? | 0 | 0–7 |
On how many of the last THREE MONTHS did you test blood sugar?a | 1 | 0–1 |
On how many of the last THREE MONTHS did you test your blood sugar the number of times recommended by your health care provider?a | 1 | 0–1 |
On how many of the last SEVEN DAYS did you check your feet? | 0 | 0 |
On how many of the last SEVEN DAYS did you inspect the inside of your shoes? | 0 | 0 |
Did you smoke even a puff of cigarette in the past 7 days? | 0 | 0 |
Family support for diabetes
Questions | Median Score (frequency in the past month) | IQR |
---|---|---|
Praise the patient for following his/her diet | 1 | 1–3 |
Nag him/her about testing their blood glucose level | 1 | 1–3 |
Suggest things that may help him/her take their medicines on time | 1 | 1–5 |
Criticize them for not exercising regularly | 1 | 1–3 |
Help them decide of any lifestyle changes need to be made based on glucose testing results | 1 | 1–5 |
Nag them about following their diet | 1 | 1–5 |
Argue with them about their diabetes self-care activities | 1 | 1–5 |
Encourage them to participate in sports / physically active leisure time activities | 1 | 1–3 |
Plan family activities so that it will fit in with their diabetes self-care schedule | 1 | 1–1 |
Congratulate them for sticking to their diabetes self-care schedule | 1 | 1–1 |
Criticize them for not maintaining the results of glucose test | 1 | 1–4 |
Eat at the same time that they do | 1 | 1–5 |
Exercise along with them | 1 | 1–1 |
Let them sleep longer and get up later rather than exercise | 1 | 1–1 |
Buy them sweet things that they can keep with them in case of low blood sugar conditions | 1 | 1–1 |
Eat foods that are not part of their diabetic diet | 1 | 1–3 |
Structural equation model of relationship between diabetes family support and self-management
Dependent Variable | Independent Variable | Regression Weight | S.E. | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
SDSCA | DFBC | .53 | .216 | .015 |
Praise for following diet | DFBC | 1.00 | ||
Nag to check sugar levels | DFBC | .90 | .146 | < 0.001 |
Suggestions to take medicines in time | DFBC | .92 | .163 | < 0.001 |
Criticize for not exercising | DFBC | 1.00 | .152 | < 0.001 |
Help adopt healthy lifestyle | DFBC | 1.33 | .180 | < 0.001 |
Nag about following healthy diet | DFBC | 1.48 | .194 | < 0.001 |
Argue about selfcare | DFBC | 1.55 | .195 | < 0.001 |
Encourage physical activity | DFBC | 1.06 | .157 | < 0.001 |
Plan family activities together | DFBC | 1.04 | .151 | < 0.001 |
Congratulate for following exercise schedule | DFBC | .94 | .143 | < 0.001 |
Criticize for poor blood sugar control | DFBC | 1.34 | .176 | < 0.001 |
Eats with the patient | DFBC | 1.07 | .177 | < 0.001 |
Exercises with the patient | DFBC | .60 | .110 | < 0.001 |
Lets them sleep longer and compromise exercise | DFBC | .96 | .147 | < 0.001 |
Buys them sweets to overcome emergencies | DFBC | .60 | .116 | < 0.001 |
Eats non-diabetic foot for taste | DFBC | .82 | .145 | < 0.001 |
Healthy eating plan | SDSCA | 1.00 | ||
Healthy eating behavior | SDSCA | .99 | .051 | < 0.001 |
Consumes fruits and vegetables | SDSCA | .02 | .046 | .649 |
Avoids fatty food | SDSCA | .14 | .054 | .007 |
Involves in physical activity | SDSCA | .18 | .087 | .038 |
Does regular recommended exercise | SDSCA | .17 | .087 | .044 |
Tests blood sugar parodically | SDSCA | .08 | .036 | .019 |
Blood tests done as advised by doctor | SDSCA | .31 | .081 | < 0.001 |
Inspection of the feet | SDSCA | .08 | .065 | .199 |
Inspection of inner aspects of shoes | SDSCA | .01 | .044 | .843 |
Smokes even 1 cigarette / other tobacco | SDSCA | −.01 | .007 | .164 |