Background
Methods
Incentivised quality indicators from Quality and Outcome Framework (QOF) [6] | ||
---|---|---|
QOF 1
| The percentage of patients with hypertension whose notes record smoking status at least once | |
QOF 2
| The percentage of patients with hypertension who smoke, whose notes contain a record that smoking cessation advice has been offered at least once | |
QOF 3
| The percentage of patients with hypertension in which there is a record of blood pressure in the last 9 months | |
QOF 4
| The percentage of patients with hypertension in whom the last blood pressure (measured in the last 9 months) is 150/90 or less | |
Non-incentivised quality indicators
| Source | |
NonQOF 1
| The percentage of patients with hypertension who have been recommended lifestyle modification for treatment of hypertension at least once | NICE [11] QSHC [13] |
NonQOF 2
| The percentage of patients with hypertension whose notes document assessment of the following within three months prior to diagnosis: • Personal history of peripheral vascular disease | NICE [11] |
NonQOF 3
| • Diabetes | |
NonQOF 4
| • Hyperlipidaemia | QIGP [12] |
NonQOF 5
| • Alcohol consumption (at any time up to relevant assessment cut-off date) | |
NonQOF 6
| The percentage of patients with hypertension whose notes document the following laboratory investigations and tests from within three months prior to diagnosis: • Urine strip test for protein | NICE [11] |
NonQOF 7
| • Serum creatinine and electrolytes | |
NonQOF 8
| • Blood glucose | |
NonQOF 9
| • Serum/total cholesterol | QIGP [12] |
NonQOF 10
| • ECG (at any time up to relevant assessment cut-off date) |
Data Collection
Patient and Practice deprivation calculation
Data Analysis
Results
Patient characteristics | Mean (SD), range | Category | N (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Age
| 67.4 (11.9), 32-92 | < 63 years | 101 (33.2) |
63-73 years | 101 (33.2) | ||
> 73 years | 102 (33.6) | ||
Gender
| Men | 126 (41.5) | |
Women | 178 (58.6) | ||
Smoking status
(n = 280)*
| Smoker | 42 (15.0) | |
Non-Smoker | 238 (85.0) | ||
Time point
| 2003 | 149 (49.0) | |
2005 | 155 (51.0) | ||
Year of diagnosis
| 1967-1997 | 152 (50) | |
1998-2005 | 152 (50) | ||
Deprivation score (IMD)** | 19.5 (14.2), 2.6-73.9 | Least deprived | 102 (33.9) |
Middle | 99 (32.9) | ||
Most deprived | 100 (33.2) | ||
Practice characteristics
| |||
Size (patients)
| 9610 (4178), 2,700-17,000 | Small (2,700-5,000) | 47 (15.5) |
Medium (5,400-10,000) | 152 (50.0) | ||
Large (10,500-17,700) | 105 (34.5) | ||
Deprivation score (%)
| 48.0 (24.3), 7.5-84.9 | Least deprived | 114 (37.5) |
Middle | 97 (32.0) | ||
Most deprived | 93 (30.6) |
Quality Indicator |
No
|
Overall achievement N (%)
|
Gender
(%)
|
Age group
(%)
|
Time point
(%)
|
#
Practice size
(%)
| ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men
|
Women
|
< 63 years
|
63-73 years
|
> 73 years
|
2003
|
2005
|
S
|
M
|
L
| |||
QOF 1
Smoking status | 302 | 227 (91.7%) | 94 | 90 | 89 | 91 | 95 |
84**
|
99**
| 94 | 90 | 92 |
QOF 2
Smoking cessation advice | 42 | 33 (78.6%) | 84 | 70 | 86 | 80 | 60 |
53**
|
96**
| 89 | 78 | 73 |
QOF 3
Record of BP | 303 | 285 (94%) | 95 | 93 | 93 | 96 | 93 | 93 | 95 | 89 | 95 | 94 |
QOF 4
BP < 150/90 | 286 | 196 (68.5%) | 72 | 66 | 67 | 72 | 66 |
58***
|
79***
| 64 | 67 | 72 |
Non-QOF 1
Lifestyle advice | 304 | 187 (61.5%) | 66 | 58 | 64 | 59 | 60 |
54**
|
59**
| 72 | 60 | 59 |
Non-QOF 2
PVD | 304 | 51 (16.8%) |
24**
|
11**
|
7***
|
16***
|
27***
| 15 | 19 |
38***
|
15***
|
10***
|
Non-QOF 3
DM | 304 | 74 (24.3%) |
32*
|
19*
| 21 | 22 | 30 | 20 | 28 | 21 | 25 | 25 |
Non-QOF 4
Hyperlipidaemea | 304 | 143 (47%) | 52 | 44 | 45 | 55 | 41 | 41 | 52 | 49 | 42 | 53 |
Non-QOF 5
Alcohol consumption | 303 | 223 (73.6%) | 78 | 70 | 69 | 73 | 78 |
68*
|
79*
| 85 | 72 | 70 |
Non-QOF 6
Protein in urine | 304 | 187 (61.5%) | 58 | 64 |
53**
|
59**
|
72**
| 61 | 62 | 79 | 59 | 58 |
Non-QOF 7
creatinine and electrolyte | 304 | 274 (90.1%) | 90 | 90 | 91 | 87 | 92 |
85**
|
95**
| 91 | 88 | 93 |
Non-QOF 8
Blood glucose | 302 | 209 (69.21%) | 74 | 66 | 64 | 73 | 71 |
62*
|
76*
| 67 | 72 | 66 |
Non-QOF 9
Serum/total cholesterol | 302 | 241 (79.8%) | 83 | 77 | 79 | 87 | 73 |
72**
|
88**
| 76 | 81 | 80 |
Non-QOF 10
ECG | 304 | 152 (50%) | 51 | 49 | 51 | 42 | 57 | 44 | 55 | 49 | 47 | 54 |
Association between deprivation and achievement-univariate analysis
Quality Indicator | Achievement (%) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | 2003 only | 2005 only | |||||||
Least deprived | Middle | Most deprived | Least deprived | Middle | Most deprived | Least deprived | Middle | Most deprived | |
QOF 1
Smoking status | 94 | 90 | 92 | 87 | 82 | 83 | 100 | 97 | 100 |
QOF 2
Smoking cessation advice | 90 | 67 | 80 | ---* | ---* | ---* | ---* | ---* | ----* |
QOF 3
Record of BP | 94 | 94 | 94 | 91 | 92 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 92 |
QOF 4
BP < 150/90 | 65 | 65 | 77 |
71
|
75
|
84
| 87 | 82 | 89 |
NonQOF 1
Lifestyle advice | 56 | 60 | 70 | 51 | 49 | 60 | 60 | 71 | 77 |
NonQOF 2
PVD |
7
|
20
|
24
| 6 | 17 | 20 |
7
|
23
|
27
|
NonQOF 3
DM | 19 | 30 | 25 | 21 | 25 | 15 |
16
|
35
|
35
|
NonQOF 4
Hyperlipidaemea | 40 | 47 | 52 | 36 | 43 | 42 | 44 | 52 | 62 |
NonQOF 5
Alcohol consumption | 71 | 77 | 74 | 66 | 72 | 66 | 75 | 81 | 83 |
NonQOF 6
Protein in urine | 60 | 63 | 62 | 62 | 65 | 56 | 58 | 60 | 67 |
NonQOF 7
creatinine & electrolyte | 85 | 91 | 93 |
72
|
90
|
92
| 96 | 94 | 94 |
NonQOF 8
Blood glucose | 70 | 74 | 66 | 66 | 63 | 62 | 73 | 85 | 71 |
NonQOF 9
Serum/total cholesterol | 78 | 79 | 83 | 70 | 73 | 73 | 85 | 85 | 92 |
NonQOF 10
ECG |
40
|
55
|
56
|
30
|
49
|
54
| 49 | 60 | 58 |
Association between deprivation and achievement after adjustment for other factors-multivariate analysis
Quality Indicator | Gender Women vs. Men | Age (> 73) vs. (73-63) vs. (< 63) | Time point 2005 vs. 2003 | Patient deprivation Most vs. Medium vs. Least deprived | Practice size Large vs. Medium vs. Small |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
QOF indicators | |||||
QOF 1
Smoking status |
-
|
-
|
30.04**
(4.00-225.24) |
-
|
-
|
QOF 2
Smoking cessation advice |
-
|
-
|
21.33 **
(2.33-195.50) |
-
|
-
|
QOF 3
Record of BP |
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
QOF 4
BP < 150/90 |
-
|
-
|
2.56 ***
(1.51-4.34) |
-
|
-
|
Non-QOF indicators (not financially incentivised)
| |||||
NonQOF 1
Lifestyle advice |
-
|
-
|
1.98**
(1.22-3.18) |
1.34 *
(1.00-1.79) |
-
|
NonQOF 2
PVD |
0.43 *
(0.22-0.83) |
2.37 ***
(1.55-3.65) |
-
|
1.54 *
(1.02-2.35) |
0.47 **
(0.28-0.77) |
NonQOF 3
DM |
0.50 *
(0.30-0.86) |
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
NonQOF 4
Hyperlipid-aemea |
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
NonQOF 5
Alcohol consumption |
-
|
-
|
1.84**
(1.09-3.10) |
-
|
-
|
NonQOF 6
Protein in urine |
-
|
1.48**
(1.11-1.98) |
-
|
-
|
0.69*
(0.49-0.98) |
NonQOF 7
creatinine and electrolyte |
-
|
-
|
3.18**
(1.36-7.39) |
-
|
-
|
NonQOF 8
Blood glucose |
-
|
-
|
1.92 *
(1.17-3.16) |
-
|
-
|
NonQOF 9
Serum/total cholesterol |
-
|
-
|
2.82 **
(1.55-5.12) |
-
|
-
|
NonQOF 10
ECG |
-
|
-
|
-
|
1.38 *
(1.04-1.82) |
-
|