Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Hepatology International 2/2021

27.02.2021 | Guidelines

Drug-induced liver injury: Asia Pacific Association of Study of Liver consensus guidelines

verfasst von: Harshad Devarbhavi, Guruprasad Aithal, Sombat Treeprasertsuk, Hajime Takikawa, Yimin Mao, Saggere M. Shasthry, Saeed Hamid, Soek Siam Tan, Cyriac Abby Philips, Jacob George, Wasim Jafri, Shiv K. Sarin, on behalf of the Asia Pacific Association of Study of Liver

Erschienen in: Hepatology International | Ausgabe 2/2021

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury mimics acute and chronic liver disease. It is under recognized and underrecognised because of the lack of pathognomonic diagnostic serological markers. Its consequences may vary from being asymptomatic to self-limiting illness to severe liver injury leading to acute liver failure. Its incidence is likely to be more common in Asia than other parts of the world, mainly because of hepatotoxicity resulting from the treatment of tuberculosis disease and the ubiquitous use of traditional and complimentary medicines in Asian countries. This APASL consensus guidelines on DILI is a concise account of the various aspects including current evidence-based information on DILI with special emphasis on DILI due to antituberculosis agents and traditional and complementary medicine use in Asia.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2019:1–283 World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2019:1–283
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Saukkonen JJ, Cohn DL, Jasmer RM, et al. An official ATS statement: hepatotoxicity of antituberculosis therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006;174:935–952.PubMed Saukkonen JJ, Cohn DL, Jasmer RM, et al. An official ATS statement: hepatotoxicity of antituberculosis therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006;174:935–952.PubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat World HealthOrganization. Traditional Medicine Strategy 2014–23. 2013. World HealthOrganization. Traditional Medicine Strategy 2014–23. 2013.
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Shen T, Liu Y, Shang J, et al. Incidence and etiology of drug-induced liver injury in Mainland China. Gastroenterology 2019;156:2230–2241.PubMed Shen T, Liu Y, Shang J, et al. Incidence and etiology of drug-induced liver injury in Mainland China. Gastroenterology 2019;156:2230–2241.PubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Björnsson HK, Björnsson ES, Avula B, et al. Ashwagandha-induced liver injury: a case series from Iceland and the US drug-induced liver injury network. Liver Int 2020;40:825–829.PubMedPubMedCentral Björnsson HK, Björnsson ES, Avula B, et al. Ashwagandha-induced liver injury: a case series from Iceland and the US drug-induced liver injury network. Liver Int 2020;40:825–829.PubMedPubMedCentral
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Sgro C, Clinard F, Ouazir K, et al. Incidence of drug-induced hepatic injuries: a French population-based study. Hepatology. 2002;36:451–455.PubMed Sgro C, Clinard F, Ouazir K, et al. Incidence of drug-induced hepatic injuries: a French population-based study. Hepatology. 2002;36:451–455.PubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Bjornsson ES, Bergmann OM, Bjornsson HK, et al. Incidence, presentation, and outcomes in patients with drug-induced liver injury in the general population of Iceland. Gastroenterology 2013;144:1419–1425.PubMed Bjornsson ES, Bergmann OM, Bjornsson HK, et al. Incidence, presentation, and outcomes in patients with drug-induced liver injury in the general population of Iceland. Gastroenterology 2013;144:1419–1425.PubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Suk KT, Kim DJ, Kim CH, et al. A prospective nationwide study of drug-induced liver injury in Korea. Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107:1380–1387.PubMed Suk KT, Kim DJ, Kim CH, et al. A prospective nationwide study of drug-induced liver injury in Korea. Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107:1380–1387.PubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Zimmerman HJ. Hepatotoxicity: the adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals on the liver. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 1999. Zimmerman HJ. Hepatotoxicity: the adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals on the liver. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 1999.
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Aithal GP, Watkins PB, Andrade RJ, et al. Case definition and phenotype standardization in drug-induced liver injury. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011;89:806–815.PubMed Aithal GP, Watkins PB, Andrade RJ, et al. Case definition and phenotype standardization in drug-induced liver injury. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011;89:806–815.PubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Group GW. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2004;328:1490. Group GW. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2004;328:1490.
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Moore TJ, Cohen MR, Furberg CD. Serious adverse drug events reported to the Food and Drug Administration, 1998–2005. Arch Intern Med 2007;167:1752–1759.PubMed Moore TJ, Cohen MR, Furberg CD. Serious adverse drug events reported to the Food and Drug Administration, 1998–2005. Arch Intern Med 2007;167:1752–1759.PubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Danan G, Benichou C. Causality assessment of adverse reactions to drugs—I. A novel method based on the conclusions of international consensus meetings: application to drug-induced liver injuries. J Clin Epidemiol 1993;46:1323–1330.PubMed Danan G, Benichou C. Causality assessment of adverse reactions to drugs—I. A novel method based on the conclusions of international consensus meetings: application to drug-induced liver injuries. J Clin Epidemiol 1993;46:1323–1330.PubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Lucena MI, Andrade RJ, Kaplowitz N, et al. Phenotypic characterization of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury: the influence of age and sex. Hepatology 2009;49:2001–2009.PubMed Lucena MI, Andrade RJ, Kaplowitz N, et al. Phenotypic characterization of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury: the influence of age and sex. Hepatology 2009;49:2001–2009.PubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Chalasani N, Bonkovsky HL, Fontana R, et al. Features and outcomes of 899 patients with drug-induced liver injury: the DILIN prospective study. Gastroenterology 2015;148:1340–1352.PubMed Chalasani N, Bonkovsky HL, Fontana R, et al. Features and outcomes of 899 patients with drug-induced liver injury: the DILIN prospective study. Gastroenterology 2015;148:1340–1352.PubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Tostmann A, Boeree MJ, Aarnoutse RE, et al. Antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity: concise up-to-date review. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;23:192–202.PubMed Tostmann A, Boeree MJ, Aarnoutse RE, et al. Antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity: concise up-to-date review. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;23:192–202.PubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Fountain FF, Tolley E, Chrisman CR, et al. Isoniazid hepatotoxicity associated with treatment of latent tuberculosis infection: a 7-year evaluation from a public health tuberculosis clinic. Chest 2005;128:116–123.PubMed Fountain FF, Tolley E, Chrisman CR, et al. Isoniazid hepatotoxicity associated with treatment of latent tuberculosis infection: a 7-year evaluation from a public health tuberculosis clinic. Chest 2005;128:116–123.PubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Bryant AE, Dreifuss FE. Valproic acid hepatic fatalities. III. US experience since 1986. Neurology 1996;46:465–469.PubMed Bryant AE, Dreifuss FE. Valproic acid hepatic fatalities. III. US experience since 1986. Neurology 1996;46:465–469.PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Cai Y, Yi J, Zhou C, et al. Pharmacogenetic study of drug-metabolising enzyme polymorphisms on the risk of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury: a meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 2012;7:e47769. PubMedPubMedCentral Cai Y, Yi J, Zhou C, et al. Pharmacogenetic study of drug-metabolising enzyme polymorphisms on the risk of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury: a meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 2012;7:e47769. PubMedPubMedCentral
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Nicoletti P, Devarbhavi H, Goel A, et al. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic risk factors that increase susceptibility to antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATDILI). Hepatology 2017;66:Abstract-25. Nicoletti P, Devarbhavi H, Goel A, et al. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic risk factors that increase susceptibility to antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATDILI). Hepatology 2017;66:Abstract-25.
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Lucena MI, Molokhia M, Shen Y, et al. Susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanate-induced liver injury is influenced by multiple HLA class I and II alleles. Gastroenterology 2011;141:338–347.PubMed Lucena MI, Molokhia M, Shen Y, et al. Susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanate-induced liver injury is influenced by multiple HLA class I and II alleles. Gastroenterology 2011;141:338–347.PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Cirulli ET, Nicoletti P, Abramson K, et al. A missense variant in PTPN22 is a risk factor for drug-induced liver injury. Gastroenterology 2019;156(1707–1716):e2. Cirulli ET, Nicoletti P, Abramson K, et al. A missense variant in PTPN22 is a risk factor for drug-induced liver injury. Gastroenterology 2019;156(1707–1716):e2.
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Zimmerman HJ. Effects of alcohol on other hepatotoxins. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1986;10:3–15.PubMed Zimmerman HJ. Effects of alcohol on other hepatotoxins. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1986;10:3–15.PubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Bruno S, Maisonneuve P, Castellana P, et al. Incidence and risk factors for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: prospective study of 5408 women enrolled in Italian tamoxifen chemoprevention trial. BMJ 2005;330:932.PubMedPubMedCentral Bruno S, Maisonneuve P, Castellana P, et al. Incidence and risk factors for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: prospective study of 5408 women enrolled in Italian tamoxifen chemoprevention trial. BMJ 2005;330:932.PubMedPubMedCentral
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Saphner T, Triest-Robertson S, Li H, et al. The association of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and tamoxifen in patients with breast cancer. Cancer 2009;115:3189–195.PubMed Saphner T, Triest-Robertson S, Li H, et al. The association of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and tamoxifen in patients with breast cancer. Cancer 2009;115:3189–195.PubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Wong WM, Wu PC, Yuen MF, et al. Antituberculosis drug-related liver dysfunction in chronic hepatitis B infection. Hepatology 2000;31:201–206.PubMed Wong WM, Wu PC, Yuen MF, et al. Antituberculosis drug-related liver dysfunction in chronic hepatitis B infection. Hepatology 2000;31:201–206.PubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Chalasani N, Bjornsson E. Risk factors for idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury. Gastroenterology 2010;138:2246–2259.PubMed Chalasani N, Bjornsson E. Risk factors for idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury. Gastroenterology 2010;138:2246–2259.PubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Russo MW, Watkins PB. Are patients with elevated liver tests at increased risk of drug-induced liver injury? Gastroenterology 2004;126:1477–1480.PubMed Russo MW, Watkins PB. Are patients with elevated liver tests at increased risk of drug-induced liver injury? Gastroenterology 2004;126:1477–1480.PubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Sarma GR, Immanuel C, Kailasam S, et al. Rifampin-lnduced release of hydrazine from isoniazid: a possible cause of hepatitis during treatment of tuberculosis with regimens containing isoniazid and rifampin. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986;133:1072–1075.PubMed Sarma GR, Immanuel C, Kailasam S, et al. Rifampin-lnduced release of hydrazine from isoniazid: a possible cause of hepatitis during treatment of tuberculosis with regimens containing isoniazid and rifampin. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986;133:1072–1075.PubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Balzarini J, Lee CK, Herdewijn P, et al. Mechanism of the potentiating effect of ribavirin on the activity of 2’,3’-dideoxyinosine against human immunodeficiency virus. J Biol Chem 1991;266:21509–21514.PubMed Balzarini J, Lee CK, Herdewijn P, et al. Mechanism of the potentiating effect of ribavirin on the activity of 2’,3’-dideoxyinosine against human immunodeficiency virus. J Biol Chem 1991;266:21509–21514.PubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Mira JA, Macías J, Girón-González JA, et al. Incidence of and risk factors for severe hepatotoxicity of nelfinavir-containing regimens among HIV-infected patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006;58:140–146.PubMed Mira JA, Macías J, Girón-González JA, et al. Incidence of and risk factors for severe hepatotoxicity of nelfinavir-containing regimens among HIV-infected patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006;58:140–146.PubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Navarro VJ, Barnhart H, Bonkovsky HL, et al. Liver injury from herbals and dietary supplements in the US drug-induced liver injury network. Hepatology 2014;60:1399–1408.PubMed Navarro VJ, Barnhart H, Bonkovsky HL, et al. Liver injury from herbals and dietary supplements in the US drug-induced liver injury network. Hepatology 2014;60:1399–1408.PubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Bailey RL, Gahche JJ, Lentino CV, et al. Dietary supplement use in the United States, 2003–2006. J Nutr 2011;141:261–266.PubMed Bailey RL, Gahche JJ, Lentino CV, et al. Dietary supplement use in the United States, 2003–2006. J Nutr 2011;141:261–266.PubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Andrade RJ, Lucena MI, Fernandez MC, et al. Drug-induced liver injury: an analysis of 461 incidences submitted to the Spanish registry over a 10-year period. Gastroenterology 2005;129:512–521. PubMed Andrade RJ, Lucena MI, Fernandez MC, et al. Drug-induced liver injury: an analysis of 461 incidences submitted to the Spanish registry over a 10-year period. Gastroenterology 2005;129:512–521. PubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Medina-Caliz I, Robles-Diaz M, Garcia-Munoz B, et al. Definition and risk factors for chronicity following acute idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury. J Hepatol 2016;65:532–542.PubMedPubMedCentral Medina-Caliz I, Robles-Diaz M, Garcia-Munoz B, et al. Definition and risk factors for chronicity following acute idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury. J Hepatol 2016;65:532–542.PubMedPubMedCentral
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee T, Lee YS, Yoon SY, et al. Characteristics of liver injury in drug-induced systemic hypersensitivity reactions. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013;69:407–415.PubMed Lee T, Lee YS, Yoon SY, et al. Characteristics of liver injury in drug-induced systemic hypersensitivity reactions. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013;69:407–415.PubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Devarbhavi H, Karanth D, Prasanna KS, et al. Drug-Induced liver injury with hypersensitivity features has a better outcome: a single-center experience of 39 children and adolescents. Hepatology 2011;54:1344–1350.PubMed Devarbhavi H, Karanth D, Prasanna KS, et al. Drug-Induced liver injury with hypersensitivity features has a better outcome: a single-center experience of 39 children and adolescents. Hepatology 2011;54:1344–1350.PubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Devarbhavi H, Raj S, Aradya VH, et al. Drug-induced liver injury associated with stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis: patient characteristics, causes, and outcome in 36 cases. Hepatology 2016;63:993–999.PubMed Devarbhavi H, Raj S, Aradya VH, et al. Drug-induced liver injury associated with stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis: patient characteristics, causes, and outcome in 36 cases. Hepatology 2016;63:993–999.PubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Knowles SR, Dewhurst N, Shear NH. Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome: an update. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2012;11:767–778.PubMed Knowles SR, Dewhurst N, Shear NH. Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome: an update. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2012;11:767–778.PubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Benichou C. Criteria of drug-induced liver disorders. Report of an international consensus meeting. J Hepatol 1990;11:272–276.PubMed Benichou C. Criteria of drug-induced liver disorders. Report of an international consensus meeting. J Hepatol 1990;11:272–276.PubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Navarro VJ, Senior JR. Drug-related hepatotoxicity. N Engl J Med 2006;354:731–739.PubMed Navarro VJ, Senior JR. Drug-related hepatotoxicity. N Engl J Med 2006;354:731–739.PubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Licata A, Maida M, Cabibi D, et al. Clinical features and outcomes of patients with drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis: a retrospective cohort study. Dig Liver Dis 2014;46:1116–120.PubMed Licata A, Maida M, Cabibi D, et al. Clinical features and outcomes of patients with drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis: a retrospective cohort study. Dig Liver Dis 2014;46:1116–120.PubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Bjornsson E, Talwalkar J, Treeprasertsuk S, et al. Drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis: clinical characteristics and prognosis. Hepatology 2010;51:2040–2048.PubMed Bjornsson E, Talwalkar J, Treeprasertsuk S, et al. Drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis: clinical characteristics and prognosis. Hepatology 2010;51:2040–2048.PubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Aithal PG, Day CP. The natural history of histologically proved drug induced liver disease. Gut 1999;44:731–735.PubMedPubMedCentral Aithal PG, Day CP. The natural history of histologically proved drug induced liver disease. Gut 1999;44:731–735.PubMedPubMedCentral
45.
Zurück zum Zitat de Boer YS, Kosinski AS, Urban TJ, et al. Features of autoimmune hepatitis in patients with drug-induced liver injury. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017;15(103–112):e2. de Boer YS, Kosinski AS, Urban TJ, et al. Features of autoimmune hepatitis in patients with drug-induced liver injury. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017;15(103–112):e2.
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Lucena MI, Kaplowitz N, Hallal H, et al. Recurrent drug-induced liver injury (DILI) with different drugs in the Spanish Registry: the dilemma of the relationship to autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol 2011;55:820–827.PubMed Lucena MI, Kaplowitz N, Hallal H, et al. Recurrent drug-induced liver injury (DILI) with different drugs in the Spanish Registry: the dilemma of the relationship to autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol 2011;55:820–827.PubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Rodrigues S, Lopes S, Magro F, et al. Autoimmune hepatitis and anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy: a single center report of 8 cases. World J Gastroenterol 2015;21:7584–7588.PubMedPubMedCentral Rodrigues S, Lopes S, Magro F, et al. Autoimmune hepatitis and anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy: a single center report of 8 cases. World J Gastroenterol 2015;21:7584–7588.PubMedPubMedCentral
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Perdices EV, Medina-Caliz I, Hernando S, et al. Hepatotoxicity associated with statin use: analysis of the cases included in the Spanish Hepatotoxicity Registry. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2014;106:246–254.PubMed Perdices EV, Medina-Caliz I, Hernando S, et al. Hepatotoxicity associated with statin use: analysis of the cases included in the Spanish Hepatotoxicity Registry. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2014;106:246–254.PubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Larrey D. Epidemiology and individual susceptibility to adverse drug reactions affecting the liver. Semin Liver Dis 2002;22:145–155.PubMed Larrey D. Epidemiology and individual susceptibility to adverse drug reactions affecting the liver. Semin Liver Dis 2002;22:145–155.PubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Younossi Z, Anstee QM, Marietti M, et al. Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018;15:11–20.PubMed Younossi Z, Anstee QM, Marietti M, et al. Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018;15:11–20.PubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Dawwas MF, Aithal GP. End-stage methotrexate-related liver disease is rare and associated with features of the metabolic syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014;40:938–948.PubMed Dawwas MF, Aithal GP. End-stage methotrexate-related liver disease is rare and associated with features of the metabolic syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014;40:938–948.PubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Raja K, Thung SN, Fiel MI, et al. Drug-induced steatohepatitis leading to cirrhosis: long-term toxicity of amiodarone use. Semin Liver Dis 2009;29:423–438.PubMed Raja K, Thung SN, Fiel MI, et al. Drug-induced steatohepatitis leading to cirrhosis: long-term toxicity of amiodarone use. Semin Liver Dis 2009;29:423–438.PubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Miyake K, Hayakawa K, Nishino M, et al. Effects of oral 5-fluorouracil drugs on hepatic fat content in patients with colon cancer. Acad Radiol 2005;12:722–727.PubMed Miyake K, Hayakawa K, Nishino M, et al. Effects of oral 5-fluorouracil drugs on hepatic fat content in patients with colon cancer. Acad Radiol 2005;12:722–727.PubMed
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Andrade RJ, Lucena MI, Kaplowitz N, et al. Outcome of acute idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury: long-term follow-up in a hepatotoxicity registry. Hepatology 2006;44:1581–1588.PubMed Andrade RJ, Lucena MI, Kaplowitz N, et al. Outcome of acute idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury: long-term follow-up in a hepatotoxicity registry. Hepatology 2006;44:1581–1588.PubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Robles-Diaz M, Garcia-Cortes M, Medina-Caliz I, et al. The value of serum aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transpetidase as biomarkers in hepatotoxicity. Liver Int 2015;35:2474–2482.PubMed Robles-Diaz M, Garcia-Cortes M, Medina-Caliz I, et al. The value of serum aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transpetidase as biomarkers in hepatotoxicity. Liver Int 2015;35:2474–2482.PubMed
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Temple R. Hy’s law: predicting serious hepatotoxicity. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2006;15:241–243.PubMed Temple R. Hy’s law: predicting serious hepatotoxicity. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2006;15:241–243.PubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Chalasani N, Fontana RJ, Bonkovsky HL, et al. Causes, clinical features, and outcomes from a prospective study of drug-induced liver injury in the United States. Gastroenterology 2008;135:1924–1934 ((1934 e1–4)).PubMed Chalasani N, Fontana RJ, Bonkovsky HL, et al. Causes, clinical features, and outcomes from a prospective study of drug-induced liver injury in the United States. Gastroenterology 2008;135:1924–1934 ((1934 e1–4)).PubMed
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Horsley-Silva JL, Dow EN, Menias CO, et al. Docetaxel induced sclerosing cholangitis. Dig Dis Sci 2015;60:3814–3816.PubMed Horsley-Silva JL, Dow EN, Menias CO, et al. Docetaxel induced sclerosing cholangitis. Dig Dis Sci 2015;60:3814–3816.PubMed
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Ludwig J, Kim CH, Wiesner RH, et al. Floxuridine-induced sclerosing cholangitis: an ischemic cholangiopathy? Hepatology 1989;9:215–218.PubMed Ludwig J, Kim CH, Wiesner RH, et al. Floxuridine-induced sclerosing cholangitis: an ischemic cholangiopathy? Hepatology 1989;9:215–218.PubMed
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Ramachandran R, Kakar S. Histological patterns in drug-induced liver disease. J Clin Pathol 2009;62:481–492.PubMed Ramachandran R, Kakar S. Histological patterns in drug-induced liver disease. J Clin Pathol 2009;62:481–492.PubMed
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Kleiner DE, Chalasani NP, Lee WM, et al. Hepatic histological findings in suspected drug-induced liver injury: systematic evaluation and clinical associations. Hepatology 2014;59:661–670.PubMed Kleiner DE, Chalasani NP, Lee WM, et al. Hepatic histological findings in suspected drug-induced liver injury: systematic evaluation and clinical associations. Hepatology 2014;59:661–670.PubMed
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Arimone Y, Bégaud B, Miremont-Salamé G, et al. Agreement of expert judgment in causality assessment of adverse drug reactions. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2005;61:169–173.PubMed Arimone Y, Bégaud B, Miremont-Salamé G, et al. Agreement of expert judgment in causality assessment of adverse drug reactions. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2005;61:169–173.PubMed
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Aithal GP, Rawlins MD, Day CP. Accuracy of hepatic adverse drug reaction reporting in one English health region. BMJ 1999;319:1541.PubMedPubMedCentral Aithal GP, Rawlins MD, Day CP. Accuracy of hepatic adverse drug reaction reporting in one English health region. BMJ 1999;319:1541.PubMedPubMedCentral
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Benichou C, Danan G, Flahault A. Causality assessment of adverse reactions to drugs—II. An original model for validation of drug causality assessment methods: case reports with positive rechallenge. J Clin Epidemiol 1993;46:1331–1336.PubMed Benichou C, Danan G, Flahault A. Causality assessment of adverse reactions to drugs—II. An original model for validation of drug causality assessment methods: case reports with positive rechallenge. J Clin Epidemiol 1993;46:1331–1336.PubMed
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Chalasani NP, Hayashi PH, Bonkovsky HL, et al. ACG clinical guideline: the diagnosis and management of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury. Am J Gastroenterol 2014;109:950–966.PubMed Chalasani NP, Hayashi PH, Bonkovsky HL, et al. ACG clinical guideline: the diagnosis and management of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury. Am J Gastroenterol 2014;109:950–966.PubMed
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Andrade RJ, Aithal GP, Björnsson ES, et al. EASL clinical practice guidelines: drug-induced liver injury. J Hepatol. 2019;70:1222–1261. Andrade RJ, Aithal GP, Björnsson ES, et al. EASL clinical practice guidelines: drug-induced liver injury. J Hepatol. 2019;70:1222–1261.
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Maria VA, Victorino RM. Development and validation of a clinical scale for the diagnosis of drug-induced hepatitis. Hepatology 1997;26:664–669.PubMed Maria VA, Victorino RM. Development and validation of a clinical scale for the diagnosis of drug-induced hepatitis. Hepatology 1997;26:664–669.PubMed
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Lucena MI, Camargo R, Andrade RJ, et al. Comparison of two clinical scales for causality assessment in hepatotoxicity. Hepatology. 2001;33:123–130.PubMed Lucena MI, Camargo R, Andrade RJ, et al. Comparison of two clinical scales for causality assessment in hepatotoxicity. Hepatology. 2001;33:123–130.PubMed
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Tillmann HL, Suzuki A, Barnhart HX, et al. Tools for causality assessment in drug-induced liver disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2019;35:183–190.PubMedPubMedCentral Tillmann HL, Suzuki A, Barnhart HX, et al. Tools for causality assessment in drug-induced liver disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2019;35:183–190.PubMedPubMedCentral
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Rockey DC, Seeff LB, Rochon J, et al. Causality assessment in drug-induced liver injury using a structured expert opinion process: comparison to the Roussel-Uclaf causality assessment method. Hepatology. 2010;51:2117–2126.PubMed Rockey DC, Seeff LB, Rochon J, et al. Causality assessment in drug-induced liver injury using a structured expert opinion process: comparison to the Roussel-Uclaf causality assessment method. Hepatology. 2010;51:2117–2126.PubMed
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Takikawa H, Onji M. A proposal of the diagnostic scale of drug-induced liver injury. Hepatol Res. 2005;32:250–251.PubMed Takikawa H, Onji M. A proposal of the diagnostic scale of drug-induced liver injury. Hepatol Res. 2005;32:250–251.PubMed
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Takikawa H, Onji M, Takamori Y, et al. Proposal of diagnostic criteria for drug-induced liver injury revised by the DDW-J 2004 workshop. Kanzo. 2005;46:85–90. Takikawa H, Onji M, Takamori Y, et al. Proposal of diagnostic criteria for drug-induced liver injury revised by the DDW-J 2004 workshop. Kanzo. 2005;46:85–90.
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Kanayama A, Arima Y, Yamagishi T, et al. Epidemiology of domestically acquired hepatitis E virus infection in Japan: assessment of the nationally reported surveillance data, 2007–2013. J Med Microbiol 2015;64:752–758.PubMed Kanayama A, Arima Y, Yamagishi T, et al. Epidemiology of domestically acquired hepatitis E virus infection in Japan: assessment of the nationally reported surveillance data, 2007–2013. J Med Microbiol 2015;64:752–758.PubMed
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Hanatani T, Sai K, Tohkin M, et al. A detection algorithm for drug-induced liver injury in medical information databases using the Japanese diagnostic scale and its comparison with the council for international organizations of medical sciences/the roussel uclaf causality assessment method scale. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2014;23:984–988.PubMed Hanatani T, Sai K, Tohkin M, et al. A detection algorithm for drug-induced liver injury in medical information databases using the Japanese diagnostic scale and its comparison with the council for international organizations of medical sciences/the roussel uclaf causality assessment method scale. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2014;23:984–988.PubMed
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Whritenour J, Ko M, Zong Q, et al. Development of a modified lymphocyte transformation test for diagnosing drug-induced liver injury associated with an adaptive immune response. J Immunotoxicol 2017;14:31–38.PubMedPubMedCentral Whritenour J, Ko M, Zong Q, et al. Development of a modified lymphocyte transformation test for diagnosing drug-induced liver injury associated with an adaptive immune response. J Immunotoxicol 2017;14:31–38.PubMedPubMedCentral
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Fontana RJ, Hayashi PH, Gu J, et al. Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality within 6 months from onset. Gastroenterology 2014;147(96–108):e4. Fontana RJ, Hayashi PH, Gu J, et al. Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality within 6 months from onset. Gastroenterology 2014;147(96–108):e4.
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Hunt CM. Mitochondrial and immunoallergic injury increase risk of positive drug rechallenge after drug-induced liver injury: a systematic review. Hepatology 2010;52:2216–2222.PubMed Hunt CM. Mitochondrial and immunoallergic injury increase risk of positive drug rechallenge after drug-induced liver injury: a systematic review. Hepatology 2010;52:2216–2222.PubMed
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Hunt CM, Papay JI, Stanulovic V, et al. Drug rechallenge following drug-induced liver injury. Hepatology 2017;66:646–654.PubMed Hunt CM, Papay JI, Stanulovic V, et al. Drug rechallenge following drug-induced liver injury. Hepatology 2017;66:646–654.PubMed
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Papay JI, Clines D, Rafi R, et al. Drug-induced liver injury following positive drug rechallenge. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2009;54:84–90.PubMed Papay JI, Clines D, Rafi R, et al. Drug-induced liver injury following positive drug rechallenge. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2009;54:84–90.PubMed
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Sharma SK, Singla R, Sarda P, et al. Safety of 3 different reintroduction regimens of antituberculosis drugs after development of antituberculosis treatment-induced hepatotoxicity. Clin Infect Dis 2010;50:833–839.PubMed Sharma SK, Singla R, Sarda P, et al. Safety of 3 different reintroduction regimens of antituberculosis drugs after development of antituberculosis treatment-induced hepatotoxicity. Clin Infect Dis 2010;50:833–839.PubMed
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Ataç G, Sevim T, Törün T, et al. The management of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2001;5:65–69.PubMed Ataç G, Sevim T, Törün T, et al. The management of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2001;5:65–69.PubMed
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Powles T, Bracarda S, Chen M, et al. Characterisation of liver chemistry abnormalities associated with pazopanib monotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials in advanced cancer patients. Eur J Cancer 2015;51:1293–1302.PubMedPubMedCentral Powles T, Bracarda S, Chen M, et al. Characterisation of liver chemistry abnormalities associated with pazopanib monotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials in advanced cancer patients. Eur J Cancer 2015;51:1293–1302.PubMedPubMedCentral
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Daly AK, Donaldson PT, Bhatnagar P, et al. HLA-B*5701 genotype is a major determinant of drug-induced liver injury due to flucloxacillin. Nat Genet 2009;41:816–819.PubMed Daly AK, Donaldson PT, Bhatnagar P, et al. HLA-B*5701 genotype is a major determinant of drug-induced liver injury due to flucloxacillin. Nat Genet 2009;41:816–819.PubMed
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Aithal GP. Of potions, poisons, polygonum and pre-emptive polymorphism. Hepatology 2019;70:8–10.PubMed Aithal GP. Of potions, poisons, polygonum and pre-emptive polymorphism. Hepatology 2019;70:8–10.PubMed
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Kaliyaperumal K, Grove JI, Delahay RM, et al. Pharmacogenomics of drug-induced liver injury (DILI): molecular biology to clinical applications. J Hepatol 2018;69:948–957.PubMed Kaliyaperumal K, Grove JI, Delahay RM, et al. Pharmacogenomics of drug-induced liver injury (DILI): molecular biology to clinical applications. J Hepatol 2018;69:948–957.PubMed
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Aithal GP. Pharmacogenetic testing in idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury: current role in clinical practice. Liver Int 2015;35:1801–1808.PubMed Aithal GP. Pharmacogenetic testing in idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury: current role in clinical practice. Liver Int 2015;35:1801–1808.PubMed
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Lohse AW, Chazouilleres O, Dalekos G, et al. EASL clinical practice guidelines: autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol 2015;63:971–1004. Lohse AW, Chazouilleres O, Dalekos G, et al. EASL clinical practice guidelines: autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol 2015;63:971–1004.
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Alvarez F, Berg PA, Bianchi FB, et al. International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group report: review of criteria for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol 1999;31:929–938.PubMed Alvarez F, Berg PA, Bianchi FB, et al. International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group report: review of criteria for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol 1999;31:929–938.PubMed
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Church RJ, Kullak-Ublick GA, Aubrecht J, et al. Candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of drug-induced liver injury: an international collaborative effort. Hepatology 2019;69:760–773.PubMed Church RJ, Kullak-Ublick GA, Aubrecht J, et al. Candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of drug-induced liver injury: an international collaborative effort. Hepatology 2019;69:760–773.PubMed
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Bjornsson E, Olsson R. Outcome and prognostic markers in severe drug-induced liver disease. Hepatology 2005;42:481–489.PubMed Bjornsson E, Olsson R. Outcome and prognostic markers in severe drug-induced liver disease. Hepatology 2005;42:481–489.PubMed
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Robles-Diaz M, Lucena MI, Kaplowitz N, et al. Use of Hy’s law and a new composite algorithm to predict acute liver failure in patients with drug-induced liver injury. Gastroenterology 2014;147:109–118.PubMed Robles-Diaz M, Lucena MI, Kaplowitz N, et al. Use of Hy’s law and a new composite algorithm to predict acute liver failure in patients with drug-induced liver injury. Gastroenterology 2014;147:109–118.PubMed
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Olsson R, Wiholm B-E, Sand C, et al. Liver damage from flucloxacillin, cloxacillin and dicloxacillin. J Hepatol 1992;15:154–161.PubMed Olsson R, Wiholm B-E, Sand C, et al. Liver damage from flucloxacillin, cloxacillin and dicloxacillin. J Hepatol 1992;15:154–161.PubMed
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Björnsson E, Davidsdottir L. The long-term follow-up after idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury with jaundice. J Hepatol 2009;50:511–517.PubMed Björnsson E, Davidsdottir L. The long-term follow-up after idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury with jaundice. J Hepatol 2009;50:511–517.PubMed
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayashi PH, Fontana RJ. Clinical features, diagnosis, and natural history of drug-induced liver injury. In: Seminars in liver disease. Thieme Medical Publishers 2014. Hayashi PH, Fontana RJ. Clinical features, diagnosis, and natural history of drug-induced liver injury. In: Seminars in liver disease. Thieme Medical Publishers 2014.
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Devarbhavi H, Dierkhising R, Kremers WK, et al. Single-center experience with drug-induced liver injury from India: causes, outcome, prognosis, and predictors of mortality. Am J Gastroenterol 2010;105:2396–2404.PubMed Devarbhavi H, Dierkhising R, Kremers WK, et al. Single-center experience with drug-induced liver injury from India: causes, outcome, prognosis, and predictors of mortality. Am J Gastroenterol 2010;105:2396–2404.PubMed
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Prakash A, Jarvis B. Leflunomide: a review of its use in active rheumatoid arthritis. Drugs 1999;58:1137–1164.PubMed Prakash A, Jarvis B. Leflunomide: a review of its use in active rheumatoid arthritis. Drugs 1999;58:1137–1164.PubMed
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Bohan TP, Helton E, McDonald I, et al. Effect of l-carnitine treatment for valproate-induced hepatotoxicity. Neurology 2001;56:1405–1409.PubMed Bohan TP, Helton E, McDonald I, et al. Effect of l-carnitine treatment for valproate-induced hepatotoxicity. Neurology 2001;56:1405–1409.PubMed
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Lheureux PE, Hantson P. Carnitine in the treatment of valproic acid-induced toxicity. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2009;47:101–111. Lheureux PE, Hantson P. Carnitine in the treatment of valproic acid-induced toxicity. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2009;47:101–111.
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Chan Y-C, Tse M, Lau FL. Two cases of valproic acid poisoning treated with l-carnitine. Hum Exp Toxicol 2007;26:967–969.PubMed Chan Y-C, Tse M, Lau FL. Two cases of valproic acid poisoning treated with l-carnitine. Hum Exp Toxicol 2007;26:967–969.PubMed
102.
Zurück zum Zitat Glatstein M, Rino PB, de Pinho S, et al. Levocarnitine for the treatment of valproic acid-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy in children: the experience of a large, Tertiary Care Pediatric Hospital and a Poison Center. Am J Ther 2019;26:e344–e349.PubMed Glatstein M, Rino PB, de Pinho S, et al. Levocarnitine for the treatment of valproic acid-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy in children: the experience of a large, Tertiary Care Pediatric Hospital and a Poison Center. Am J Ther 2019;26:e344–e349.PubMed
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee WM, Hynan LS, Rossaro L, et al. Intravenous N-acetylcysteine improves transplant-free survival in early stage non-acetaminophen acute liver failure. Gastroenterology 2009;137:856–864.PubMed Lee WM, Hynan LS, Rossaro L, et al. Intravenous N-acetylcysteine improves transplant-free survival in early stage non-acetaminophen acute liver failure. Gastroenterology 2009;137:856–864.PubMed
105.
Zurück zum Zitat Borlak J, van Bömmel F, Berg T. N-Acetylcysteine and prednisolone treatment improved serum biochemistries in suspected flupirtine cases of severe idiosyncratic liver injury. Liver Int 2018;38:365–376.PubMed Borlak J, van Bömmel F, Berg T. N-Acetylcysteine and prednisolone treatment improved serum biochemistries in suspected flupirtine cases of severe idiosyncratic liver injury. Liver Int 2018;38:365–376.PubMed
106.
Zurück zum Zitat Elliott TR, Symes T, Kannourakis G, et al. Resolution of norfloxacin-induced acute liver failure after N-acetylcysteine therapy: further support for the use of NAC in drug-induced ALF? BMJ Case Rep 2016;6:2015-213189. Elliott TR, Symes T, Kannourakis G, et al. Resolution of norfloxacin-induced acute liver failure after N-acetylcysteine therapy: further support for the use of NAC in drug-induced ALF? BMJ Case Rep 2016;6:2015-213189.
107.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhao Z, Bao L, Yu X, et al. Acute vanishing bile duct syndrome after therapy with cephalosporin, metronidazole, and clotrimazole: a case report. Medicine 2017;96:e8009.PubMedPubMedCentral Zhao Z, Bao L, Yu X, et al. Acute vanishing bile duct syndrome after therapy with cephalosporin, metronidazole, and clotrimazole: a case report. Medicine 2017;96:e8009.PubMedPubMedCentral
108.
Zurück zum Zitat Danica J, Irena H, Davor R, et al. Vanishing bile duct syndrome associated with azithromycin in a 62-year-old man. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010;106:62–65.PubMed Danica J, Irena H, Davor R, et al. Vanishing bile duct syndrome associated with azithromycin in a 62-year-old man. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010;106:62–65.PubMed
109.
Zurück zum Zitat Doherty GJ, Duckworth AM, Davies SE, et al. Severe steroid-resistant anti-PD1 T-cell checkpoint inhibitor-induced hepatotoxicity driven by biliary injury. ESMO Open 2017;2:e000268.PubMedPubMedCentral Doherty GJ, Duckworth AM, Davies SE, et al. Severe steroid-resistant anti-PD1 T-cell checkpoint inhibitor-induced hepatotoxicity driven by biliary injury. ESMO Open 2017;2:e000268.PubMedPubMedCentral
110.
Zurück zum Zitat Kurokawa K, Hara M, Iwakami S-I, et al. Cholestatic liver injury induced by pembrolizumab in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma. Intern Med 2019;58:3283–3287.PubMedPubMedCentral Kurokawa K, Hara M, Iwakami S-I, et al. Cholestatic liver injury induced by pembrolizumab in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma. Intern Med 2019;58:3283–3287.PubMedPubMedCentral
111.
Zurück zum Zitat Wree A, Dechêne A, Herzer K, et al. Steroid and ursodesoxycholic acid combination therapy in severe drug-induced liver injury. Digestion 2011;84:54–59.PubMed Wree A, Dechêne A, Herzer K, et al. Steroid and ursodesoxycholic acid combination therapy in severe drug-induced liver injury. Digestion 2011;84:54–59.PubMed
112.
Zurück zum Zitat Kardaun SH, Sekula P, Valeyrie-Allanore L, et al. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): an original multisystem adverse drug reaction. Results from the prospective RegiSCAR study. Br J Dermatol 2013;169:1071–1080.PubMed Kardaun SH, Sekula P, Valeyrie-Allanore L, et al. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): an original multisystem adverse drug reaction. Results from the prospective RegiSCAR study. Br J Dermatol 2013;169:1071–1080.PubMed
113.
Zurück zum Zitat Darnell EP, Mooradian MJ, Baruch EN, et al. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs): diagnosis, management, and clinical pearls. Curr Oncol Rep 2020;22:39.PubMed Darnell EP, Mooradian MJ, Baruch EN, et al. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs): diagnosis, management, and clinical pearls. Curr Oncol Rep 2020;22:39.PubMed
114.
Zurück zum Zitat Czaja AJ. Drug-induced autoimmune-like hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2011;56:958–976.PubMed Czaja AJ. Drug-induced autoimmune-like hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2011;56:958–976.PubMed
115.
Zurück zum Zitat Nishida N, Kudo M. Liver damage related to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Hepatol Int 2019;13:248–252.PubMed Nishida N, Kudo M. Liver damage related to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Hepatol Int 2019;13:248–252.PubMed
116.
Zurück zum Zitat Ostapowicz G, Fontana RJ, Schiodt FV, et al. Results of a prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States. Ann Intern Med 2002;137:947–954.PubMed Ostapowicz G, Fontana RJ, Schiodt FV, et al. Results of a prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States. Ann Intern Med 2002;137:947–954.PubMed
117.
Zurück zum Zitat Serper M, Wolf MS, Parikh NA, et al. Risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcomes in overdose with acetaminophen alone or with combination products: results from the acute liver failure study group. J Clin Gastroenterol 2016;50:85.PubMedPubMedCentral Serper M, Wolf MS, Parikh NA, et al. Risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcomes in overdose with acetaminophen alone or with combination products: results from the acute liver failure study group. J Clin Gastroenterol 2016;50:85.PubMedPubMedCentral
118.
Zurück zum Zitat Hillman L, Gottfried M, Whitsett M, et al. Clinical features and outcomes of complementary and alternative medicine induced acute liver failure and injury. Am J Gastroenterol 2016;111:958–965.PubMedPubMedCentral Hillman L, Gottfried M, Whitsett M, et al. Clinical features and outcomes of complementary and alternative medicine induced acute liver failure and injury. Am J Gastroenterol 2016;111:958–965.PubMedPubMedCentral
119.
Zurück zum Zitat Reuben A, Koch DG, Lee WM. Drug-induced acute liver failure: results of a US multicenter, prospective study. Hepatology 2010;52:2065–2076.PubMed Reuben A, Koch DG, Lee WM. Drug-induced acute liver failure: results of a US multicenter, prospective study. Hepatology 2010;52:2065–2076.PubMed
120.
Zurück zum Zitat Adam R, Karam V, Cailliez V, et al 2018 annual report of the European Liver Transplant Registry (ELTR)—50-year evolution of liver transplantation. Transpl Int 2018;31:1293–1317.PubMed Adam R, Karam V, Cailliez V, et al 2018 annual report of the European Liver Transplant Registry (ELTR)—50-year evolution of liver transplantation. Transpl Int 2018;31:1293–1317.PubMed
121.
Zurück zum Zitat Saliba F, Camus C, Durand F, et al. Albumin dialysis with a noncell artificial liver support device in patients with acute liver failure: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2013;159:522–531.PubMed Saliba F, Camus C, Durand F, et al. Albumin dialysis with a noncell artificial liver support device in patients with acute liver failure: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2013;159:522–531.PubMed
122.
Zurück zum Zitat Larsen FS, Schmidt LE, Bernsmeier C, et al. High-volume plasma exchange in patients with acute liver failure: an open randomised controlled trial. J Hepatol 2016;64:69–78.PubMed Larsen FS, Schmidt LE, Bernsmeier C, et al. High-volume plasma exchange in patients with acute liver failure: an open randomised controlled trial. J Hepatol 2016;64:69–78.PubMed
123.
Zurück zum Zitat Chiew AL, Gluud C, Brok J, et al. Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018;2:Cd003328.PubMed Chiew AL, Gluud C, Brok J, et al. Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018;2:Cd003328.PubMed
124.
Zurück zum Zitat Stravitz RT, Sanyal AJ, Reisch J, et al. Effects of N-acetylcysteine on cytokines in non-acetaminophen acute liver failure: potential mechanism of improvement in transplant-free survival. Liver International 2013;33:1324–1331.PubMedPubMedCentral Stravitz RT, Sanyal AJ, Reisch J, et al. Effects of N-acetylcysteine on cytokines in non-acetaminophen acute liver failure: potential mechanism of improvement in transplant-free survival. Liver International 2013;33:1324–1331.PubMedPubMedCentral
125.
Zurück zum Zitat Singh S, Hynan LS, Lee WM, et al. Improvements in hepatic serological biomarkers are associated with clinical benefit of intravenous N-acetylcysteine in early stage non-acetaminophen acute liver failure. Dig Dis Sci 2013;58:1397–1402.PubMedPubMedCentral Singh S, Hynan LS, Lee WM, et al. Improvements in hepatic serological biomarkers are associated with clinical benefit of intravenous N-acetylcysteine in early stage non-acetaminophen acute liver failure. Dig Dis Sci 2013;58:1397–1402.PubMedPubMedCentral
126.
Zurück zum Zitat Kortsalioudaki C, Taylor RM, Cheeseman P, et al. Safety and efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in children with non-acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Liver Transpl 2008;14:25–30.PubMed Kortsalioudaki C, Taylor RM, Cheeseman P, et al. Safety and efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in children with non-acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Liver Transpl 2008;14:25–30.PubMed
127.
Zurück zum Zitat Squires RH, Dhawan A, Alonso E, et al. Intravenous N-acetylcysteine in pediatric patients with nonacetaminophen acute liver failure: a placebo-controlled clinical trial. Hepatology 2013;57:1542–1549.PubMed Squires RH, Dhawan A, Alonso E, et al. Intravenous N-acetylcysteine in pediatric patients with nonacetaminophen acute liver failure: a placebo-controlled clinical trial. Hepatology 2013;57:1542–1549.PubMed
128.
Zurück zum Zitat Hunt CM, Forster JK, Papay JI, et al. Evidence-based liver chemistry monitoring in drug development. Pharm Med 2009;23:149–158. Hunt CM, Forster JK, Papay JI, et al. Evidence-based liver chemistry monitoring in drug development. Pharm Med 2009;23:149–158.
129.
Zurück zum Zitat Boelsterli UA. Chapter 21—mechanisms underlying the hepatotoxicity of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. In: Kaplowitz N, DeLeve LD, editors. Drug-induced liver disease. 3rd ed. Boston: Academic Press; 2013. p. 343–367. Boelsterli UA. Chapter 21—mechanisms underlying the hepatotoxicity of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. In: Kaplowitz N, DeLeve LD, editors. Drug-induced liver disease. 3rd ed. Boston: Academic Press; 2013. p. 343–367.
130.
Zurück zum Zitat Björnsson ES. Drug-induced liver injury: an overview over the most critical compounds. Arch Toxicol 2015;89:327–334.PubMed Björnsson ES. Drug-induced liver injury: an overview over the most critical compounds. Arch Toxicol 2015;89:327–334.PubMed
131.
Zurück zum Zitat Ribas A, Hodi FS, Callahan M, et al. Hepatotoxicity with combination of vemurafenib and ipilimumab. N Engl J Med 2013;368:1365–1366.PubMed Ribas A, Hodi FS, Callahan M, et al. Hepatotoxicity with combination of vemurafenib and ipilimumab. N Engl J Med 2013;368:1365–1366.PubMed
132.
Zurück zum Zitat Dara L, Liu ZX, Kaplowitz N. Mechanisms of adaptation and progression in idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury, clinical implications. Liver Int 2016;36:158–165.PubMed Dara L, Liu ZX, Kaplowitz N. Mechanisms of adaptation and progression in idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury, clinical implications. Liver Int 2016;36:158–165.PubMed
133.
Zurück zum Zitat Navarro VJ, Khan I, Björnsson E, et al. Liver injury from herbal and dietary supplements. Hepatology 2017;65:363–373.PubMed Navarro VJ, Khan I, Björnsson E, et al. Liver injury from herbal and dietary supplements. Hepatology 2017;65:363–373.PubMed
134.
Zurück zum Zitat Li C, Rao T, Chen X, et al. HLA-B* 35: 01 allele is a potential biomarker for predicting polygonum multiflorum-induced liver injury in humans. Hepatology 2019;70:346–357.PubMed Li C, Rao T, Chen X, et al. HLA-B* 35: 01 allele is a potential biomarker for predicting polygonum multiflorum-induced liver injury in humans. Hepatology 2019;70:346–357.PubMed
135.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang L, Niu M, Wei A-W, et al. Risk profiling using metabolomic characteristics for susceptible individuals of drug-induced liver injury caused by Polygonum multiflorum. Arch Toxicol 2020;94:245–256.PubMed Zhang L, Niu M, Wei A-W, et al. Risk profiling using metabolomic characteristics for susceptible individuals of drug-induced liver injury caused by Polygonum multiflorum. Arch Toxicol 2020;94:245–256.PubMed
136.
Zurück zum Zitat Aiso M, Takikawa H, Tsuji K, et al. Analysis of 307 cases with drug-induced liver injury between 2010 and 2018 in Japan. Hepatol Res 2019;49:105–110.PubMed Aiso M, Takikawa H, Tsuji K, et al. Analysis of 307 cases with drug-induced liver injury between 2010 and 2018 in Japan. Hepatol Res 2019;49:105–110.PubMed
137.
Zurück zum Zitat Dai N, Yu Y-C, Ren T-H, et al. Gynura root induces hepatic veno-occlusive disease: a case report and review of the literature. World J Gastroenterol WJG 2007;13:1628.PubMed Dai N, Yu Y-C, Ren T-H, et al. Gynura root induces hepatic veno-occlusive disease: a case report and review of the literature. World J Gastroenterol WJG 2007;13:1628.PubMed
138.
Zurück zum Zitat Helmy A. updates in the pathogenesis and therapy of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006;23:11–25.PubMed Helmy A. updates in the pathogenesis and therapy of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006;23:11–25.PubMed
139.
Zurück zum Zitat Xiao X, Tang J, Mao Y, et al. Guidance for the clinical evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine-induced liver injuryIssued by China Food and Drug Administration. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019;9:648.PubMed Xiao X, Tang J, Mao Y, et al. Guidance for the clinical evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine-induced liver injuryIssued by China Food and Drug Administration. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019;9:648.PubMed
140.
Zurück zum Zitat Yu Y-c, Mao Y-m, Chen C-w, et al. CSH guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of drug-induced liver injury. Hepatol Int 2017;11:221–241.PubMed Yu Y-c, Mao Y-m, Chen C-w, et al. CSH guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of drug-induced liver injury. Hepatol Int 2017;11:221–241.PubMed
141.
Zurück zum Zitat Xia Q, Zhao Y, Lin G, et al. Pyrrolizidine alkaloid-protein adducts: potential non-invasive biomarkers of pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced liver toxicity and exposure. Chem Res Toxicol 2016;29:1282–1292.PubMed Xia Q, Zhao Y, Lin G, et al. Pyrrolizidine alkaloid-protein adducts: potential non-invasive biomarkers of pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced liver toxicity and exposure. Chem Res Toxicol 2016;29:1282–1292.PubMed
142.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang Y, Wang Z, Gao M, et al. Efficacy and safety of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate injection in patients with acute drug-induced liver injury: a phase II trial. Liver Int 2019;39:2102–2111.PubMed Wang Y, Wang Z, Gao M, et al. Efficacy and safety of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate injection in patients with acute drug-induced liver injury: a phase II trial. Liver Int 2019;39:2102–2111.PubMed
143.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhu Y, Niu M, Chen J, et al. Hepatobiliary and pancreatic: comparison between Chinese herbal medicine and Western medicine-induced liver injury of 1985 patients. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016;31:1476–1482.PubMed Zhu Y, Niu M, Chen J, et al. Hepatobiliary and pancreatic: comparison between Chinese herbal medicine and Western medicine-induced liver injury of 1985 patients. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016;31:1476–1482.PubMed
144.
Zurück zum Zitat Medina-Caliz I, Garcia-Cortes M, Gonzalez-Jimenez A, et al. Herbal and dietary supplement-induced liver injuries in the Spanish DILI registry. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018;16:1495–1502.PubMed Medina-Caliz I, Garcia-Cortes M, Gonzalez-Jimenez A, et al. Herbal and dietary supplement-induced liver injuries in the Spanish DILI registry. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018;16:1495–1502.PubMed
147.
Zurück zum Zitat Rudra S, Kalra A, Kumar A, et al. Utilization of alternative systems of medicine as health care services in India: evidence on AYUSH care from NSS 2014. PLoS ONE 2017;12:e0176916.PubMedPubMedCentral Rudra S, Kalra A, Kumar A, et al. Utilization of alternative systems of medicine as health care services in India: evidence on AYUSH care from NSS 2014. PLoS ONE 2017;12:e0176916.PubMedPubMedCentral
148.
Zurück zum Zitat Devarbhavi H, Joseph T, Kumar NS, et al. Causes, clinical features, outcomes and predictors of mortality from a nationwide prospective study of drug-induced liver injury. Hepatology 2019;70:1219A. Devarbhavi H, Joseph T, Kumar NS, et al. Causes, clinical features, outcomes and predictors of mortality from a nationwide prospective study of drug-induced liver injury. Hepatology 2019;70:1219A.
149.
Zurück zum Zitat Devarbhavi H, Choudhury AK, Sharma MK, et al. Drug-induced acute-on-chronic liver failure in Asian patients. Am J Gastroenterol 2019;114:929–937.PubMed Devarbhavi H, Choudhury AK, Sharma MK, et al. Drug-induced acute-on-chronic liver failure in Asian patients. Am J Gastroenterol 2019;114:929–937.PubMed
150.
Zurück zum Zitat Philips CA, Paramaguru R, Joy AK, et al. Clinical outcomes, histopathologic patterns and chemical analysis of ayurveda and herbal medicine associated with severe liver injury—a single center experience from South India. Indian J Gastroenterol 2018;37:9–17. Philips CA, Paramaguru R, Joy AK, et al. Clinical outcomes, histopathologic patterns and chemical analysis of ayurveda and herbal medicine associated with severe liver injury—a single center experience from South India. Indian J Gastroenterol 2018;37:9–17.
151.
Zurück zum Zitat Philips CA, Paramaguru R, Augustine P, et al. A Single-center experience on outcomes of complementary and alternative medicine use among patients with cirrhosis. Hepatol Commun 2019;3:1001–1012.PubMedPubMedCentral Philips CA, Paramaguru R, Augustine P, et al. A Single-center experience on outcomes of complementary and alternative medicine use among patients with cirrhosis. Hepatol Commun 2019;3:1001–1012.PubMedPubMedCentral
152.
Zurück zum Zitat Chauhan A, Semwal DK, Mishra SP, et al. Ayurvedic research and methodology: present status and future strategies. Ayu 2015;36:364.PubMedPubMedCentral Chauhan A, Semwal DK, Mishra SP, et al. Ayurvedic research and methodology: present status and future strategies. Ayu 2015;36:364.PubMedPubMedCentral
153.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayashi PH, Barnhart HX, Fontana RJ, et al. Reliability of causality assessment for drug, herbal and dietary supplement hepatotoxicity in the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN). Liver Int 2015;35:1623–1632.PubMed Hayashi PH, Barnhart HX, Fontana RJ, et al. Reliability of causality assessment for drug, herbal and dietary supplement hepatotoxicity in the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN). Liver Int 2015;35:1623–1632.PubMed
154.
Zurück zum Zitat Danan G, Teschke R. RUCAM in drug and herb induced liver injury: the update. Int J Mol Sci 2016;17:14. Danan G, Teschke R. RUCAM in drug and herb induced liver injury: the update. Int J Mol Sci 2016;17:14.
155.
Zurück zum Zitat Philips CA, Augustine P, Rajesh S, et al. Complementary and alternative medicine-related drug-induced liver injury in Asia. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2019;7:263.PubMedPubMedCentral Philips CA, Augustine P, Rajesh S, et al. Complementary and alternative medicine-related drug-induced liver injury in Asia. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2019;7:263.PubMedPubMedCentral
156.
Zurück zum Zitat Agarwal VK, McHutchison JG, Hoofnagle JH, et al. Important elements for the diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;8:463–470.PubMedPubMedCentral Agarwal VK, McHutchison JG, Hoofnagle JH, et al. Important elements for the diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;8:463–470.PubMedPubMedCentral
157.
Zurück zum Zitat Teschke R, Bahre R. Severe hepatotoxicity by Indian ayurvedic herbal products: a structured causality assessment. Ann Hepatol 2009;8:258–266.PubMed Teschke R, Bahre R. Severe hepatotoxicity by Indian ayurvedic herbal products: a structured causality assessment. Ann Hepatol 2009;8:258–266.PubMed
158.
Zurück zum Zitat Andrade RJ, Robles-Díaz M. Diagnostic and prognostic assessment of suspected drug-induced liver injury in clinical practice. Liver Int 2020;40:6–17.PubMed Andrade RJ, Robles-Díaz M. Diagnostic and prognostic assessment of suspected drug-induced liver injury in clinical practice. Liver Int 2020;40:6–17.PubMed
159.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayashi PH, Rockey D, Fontana RJ, et al. Death and liver transplantation within two years of onset of drug-induced liver injury. Hepatology 2017;23:29283. Hayashi PH, Rockey D, Fontana RJ, et al. Death and liver transplantation within two years of onset of drug-induced liver injury. Hepatology 2017;23:29283.
160.
Zurück zum Zitat Grewal P, Ahmad J. Severe liver injury due to herbal and dietary supplements and the role of liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol 2019;25:6704.PubMedPubMedCentral Grewal P, Ahmad J. Severe liver injury due to herbal and dietary supplements and the role of liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol 2019;25:6704.PubMedPubMedCentral
161.
Zurück zum Zitat Andrade RJ. Landscape of liver injury from herbal and dietary supplements in Europe, Latin America, and Asia. Clin Liver Dis 2019;14:49. Andrade RJ. Landscape of liver injury from herbal and dietary supplements in Europe, Latin America, and Asia. Clin Liver Dis 2019;14:49.
162.
Zurück zum Zitat Philips CA, Rajesh S, George T, et al. Outcomes and toxicology of herbal drugs in alcoholic hepatitis—a single center experience from India. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2019;7:329.PubMedPubMedCentral Philips CA, Rajesh S, George T, et al. Outcomes and toxicology of herbal drugs in alcoholic hepatitis—a single center experience from India. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2019;7:329.PubMedPubMedCentral
163.
Zurück zum Zitat Patwardhan B. Ayurvedic drugs in case: claims, evidence, regulations and ethics. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2016;7:135.PubMedPubMedCentral Patwardhan B. Ayurvedic drugs in case: claims, evidence, regulations and ethics. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2016;7:135.PubMedPubMedCentral
164.
Zurück zum Zitat Tweed CD, Wills GH, Crook AM, et al. Liver toxicity associated with tuberculosis chemotherapy in the REMoxTB study. BMC Med 2018;16:46.PubMedPubMedCentral Tweed CD, Wills GH, Crook AM, et al. Liver toxicity associated with tuberculosis chemotherapy in the REMoxTB study. BMC Med 2018;16:46.PubMedPubMedCentral
165.
Zurück zum Zitat Singanayagam A, Sridhar S, Dhariwal J, et al. A comparison between two strategies for monitoring hepatic function during antituberculous therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012;185:653–659.PubMed Singanayagam A, Sridhar S, Dhariwal J, et al. A comparison between two strategies for monitoring hepatic function during antituberculous therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012;185:653–659.PubMed
166.
Zurück zum Zitat Devarbhavi H, Singh R, Patil M, et al. Outcome and determinants of mortality in 269 patients with combination anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;28:161–167.PubMed Devarbhavi H, Singh R, Patil M, et al. Outcome and determinants of mortality in 269 patients with combination anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;28:161–167.PubMed
167.
Zurück zum Zitat Devarbhavi H, Patil M, Reddy VV, et al. Drug-induced acute liver failure in children and adults: results of a single-centre study of 128 patients. Liver Int 2018;38:1322–9.PubMed Devarbhavi H, Patil M, Reddy VV, et al. Drug-induced acute liver failure in children and adults: results of a single-centre study of 128 patients. Liver Int 2018;38:1322–9.PubMed
168.
Zurück zum Zitat Devarbhavi H. Acute liver failure induced by anti-infectious drugs: causes and management. Curr Hepatol Rep 2017;16:276–285. Devarbhavi H. Acute liver failure induced by anti-infectious drugs: causes and management. Curr Hepatol Rep 2017;16:276–285.
169.
Zurück zum Zitat Treeprasertsuk S, Huntrakul J, Ridtitid W, et al. The predictors of complications in patients with drug-induced liver injury caused by antimicrobial agents. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010;31:1200–1207.PubMed Treeprasertsuk S, Huntrakul J, Ridtitid W, et al. The predictors of complications in patients with drug-induced liver injury caused by antimicrobial agents. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010;31:1200–1207.PubMed
170.
Zurück zum Zitat Rathi C, Pipaliya N, Patel R, et al. Drug induced liver injury at a tertiary hospital in india: etiology, clinical features and predictors of mortality. Ann Hepatol 2017;16:442–450.PubMed Rathi C, Pipaliya N, Patel R, et al. Drug induced liver injury at a tertiary hospital in india: etiology, clinical features and predictors of mortality. Ann Hepatol 2017;16:442–450.PubMed
171.
Zurück zum Zitat Sarda P, Sharma SK, Mohan A, et al. Role of acute viral hepatitis as a confounding factor in antituberculosis treatment induced hepatotoxicity. Indian J Med Res 2009;129:64–67.PubMed Sarda P, Sharma SK, Mohan A, et al. Role of acute viral hepatitis as a confounding factor in antituberculosis treatment induced hepatotoxicity. Indian J Med Res 2009;129:64–67.PubMed
172.
Zurück zum Zitat Nahid P, Dorman SE, Alipanah N, et al. Official American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guidelines: treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis 2016;63:e147–e195.PubMedPubMedCentral Nahid P, Dorman SE, Alipanah N, et al. Official American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guidelines: treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis 2016;63:e147–e195.PubMedPubMedCentral
173.
Zurück zum Zitat Udomsinprasert W, Chanhom N, Suvichapanich S, et al. Leukocyte telomere length as a diagnostic biomarker for anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury. Sci Rep 2020;10:1–8. Udomsinprasert W, Chanhom N, Suvichapanich S, et al. Leukocyte telomere length as a diagnostic biomarker for anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury. Sci Rep 2020;10:1–8.
174.
Zurück zum Zitat Li Y, Ren Q, Wu D, et al. Combined 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine content of human leucocyte antigen‐B and human leucocyte antigen‐DQB1 as novel biomarker for anti‐tuberculosis drug‐induced liver injury. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020;127:234–240 Li Y, Ren Q, Wu D, et al. Combined 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine content of human leucocyte antigen‐B and human leucocyte antigen‐DQB1 as novel biomarker for anti‐tuberculosis drug‐induced liver injury. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020;127:234–240
175.
Zurück zum Zitat Nicoletti P, Devarbhavi H, Goel A, et al. Genetic risk factors in drug-induced liver injury due to isoniazid-containing anti-tuberculosis drug regimens. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.2100. Online ahead of print. Nicoletti P, Devarbhavi H, Goel A, et al. Genetic risk factors in drug-induced liver injury due to isoniazid-containing anti-tuberculosis drug regimens. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2020. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1002/​cpt.​2100. Online ahead of print.
176.
177.
Zurück zum Zitat Thompson NP, Caplin ME, Hamilton MI, et al. Anti-tuberculosis medication and the liver: dangers and recommendations in management. Eur Respir J 1995;8:1384–1348.PubMed Thompson NP, Caplin ME, Hamilton MI, et al. Anti-tuberculosis medication and the liver: dangers and recommendations in management. Eur Respir J 1995;8:1384–1348.PubMed
178.
Zurück zum Zitat Rettenbacher MA, Baumgartner S, Eder-Ischia U, et al. Association between antipsychotic-induced elevation of liver enzymes and weight gain: a prospective study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2006;26:500–503.PubMed Rettenbacher MA, Baumgartner S, Eder-Ischia U, et al. Association between antipsychotic-induced elevation of liver enzymes and weight gain: a prospective study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2006;26:500–503.PubMed
179.
Zurück zum Zitat Bessone F, Dirchwolf M, Rodil MA, et al. Review article: drug-induced liver injury in the context of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease—a physiopathological and clinical integrated view. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018;48:892–913.PubMed Bessone F, Dirchwolf M, Rodil MA, et al. Review article: drug-induced liver injury in the context of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease—a physiopathological and clinical integrated view. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018;48:892–913.PubMed
180.
Zurück zum Zitat Tarantino G, Conca P, Basile V, et al. A prospective study of acute drug-induced liver injury in patients suffering from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatol Res 2007;37:410–415.PubMed Tarantino G, Conca P, Basile V, et al. A prospective study of acute drug-induced liver injury in patients suffering from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatol Res 2007;37:410–415.PubMed
181.
Zurück zum Zitat Lammert C, Imler T, Teal E, et al. Patients with chronic liver disease suggestive of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease may be at higher risk for drug-induced liver injury. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019;17:2814–2015.PubMed Lammert C, Imler T, Teal E, et al. Patients with chronic liver disease suggestive of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease may be at higher risk for drug-induced liver injury. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019;17:2814–2015.PubMed
182.
Zurück zum Zitat Sulkowski MS, Thomas DL, Mehta SH, et al. Hepatotoxicity associated with nevirapine or efavirenz-containing antiretroviral therapy: role of hepatitis C and B infections. Hepatology 2002;35:182–189.PubMed Sulkowski MS, Thomas DL, Mehta SH, et al. Hepatotoxicity associated with nevirapine or efavirenz-containing antiretroviral therapy: role of hepatitis C and B infections. Hepatology 2002;35:182–189.PubMed
183.
Zurück zum Zitat Rutherford A, Davern T, Hay JE, et al. Influence of high body mass index on outcome in acute liver failure. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;4:1544–1549.PubMed Rutherford A, Davern T, Hay JE, et al. Influence of high body mass index on outcome in acute liver failure. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;4:1544–1549.PubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Drug-induced liver injury: Asia Pacific Association of Study of Liver consensus guidelines
verfasst von
Harshad Devarbhavi
Guruprasad Aithal
Sombat Treeprasertsuk
Hajime Takikawa
Yimin Mao
Saggere M. Shasthry
Saeed Hamid
Soek Siam Tan
Cyriac Abby Philips
Jacob George
Wasim Jafri
Shiv K. Sarin
on behalf of the Asia Pacific Association of Study of Liver
Publikationsdatum
27.02.2021
Verlag
Springer India
Erschienen in
Hepatology International / Ausgabe 2/2021
Print ISSN: 1936-0533
Elektronische ISSN: 1936-0541
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12072-021-10144-3

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2021

Hepatology International 2/2021 Zur Ausgabe

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.