Introduction
Methods
Study population and protocol
Procedure of transcatheter closure
Ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings and HRV indices
Statistical analysis
Results
Baseline characteristics
Factor | Group ASD (n = 154) | Group PFO (n = 26) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 39.54 ± 15.62 | 40.58 ± 14.22 | 0.750 |
Male sex, n (%) | 43 (27.9) | 5 (19.2) | 0.357 |
Weight, kg | 60.65 ± 10.49 | 60.59 ± 11.09 | 0.979 |
Systolic BP, mmHg | 119.59 ± 12.76 | 120.23 ± 13.71 | 0.815 |
Diastolic BP, mmHg | 75.74 ± 9.23 | 79.08 ± 8.55 | 0.087 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 34 (22.1) | 3 (11.5) | 0.297 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 6 (3.9) | 1 (3.8) | 1.000 |
Changes in ambulatory electrocardiography and transthoracic echocardiography parameters after transcatheter closure
Group ASD (n = 154) | Group PFO (n = 26) | P0* | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before | After | p Value | Before | After | p Value | ||
HRV indices and HR | |||||||
SDNN, ms | 98.70 ± 24.08 | 104.78 ± 25.67 | < 0.001 | 134.08 ± 33.80 | 104.46 ± 22.64 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
SDANN, ms | 84.85 ± 22.04 | 92.42 ± 25.11 | < 0.001 | 115.62 ± 31.87 | 92.73 ± 22.57 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
RMSSD, ms | 27.83 ± 10.81 | 26.21 ± 10.73 | 0.082 | 34.23 ± 11.80 | 23.77 ± 10.97 | < 0.001 | 0.006 |
PNN50, % | 8.08 ± 7.74 | 7.33 ± 7.35 | 0.262 | 13.10 ± 9.89 | 5.84 ± 7.27 | < 0.001 | 0.004 |
HR, bpm | 76.81 ± 9.10 | 75.14 ± 9.06 | 0.006 | 75.58 ± 10.78 | 81.38 ± 8.17 | 0.001 | 0.537 |
TTE parameters | |||||||
LAD, mm | 32.43 ± 4.32 | 31.92 ± 4.54 | 0.088 | 31.00 ± 3.49 | 29.58 ± 4.49 | 0.054 | 0.124 |
LVESD, mm | 27.95 ± 2.98 | 28.20 ± 2.72 | 0.199 | 29.54 ± 2.21 | 28.63 ± 2.50 | 0.055 | 0.013 |
LVEDD, mm | 42.81 ± 4.03 | 43.63 ± 3.66 | 0.001 | 45.38 ± 3.70 | 44.13 ± 3.63 | 0.042 | 0.004 |
RAD, mm | 38.13 ± 5.71 | 34.80 ± 4.58 | < 0.001 | 29.75 ± 3.01 | 28.88 ± 3.22 | 0.131 | < 0.001 |
RVD, mm | 38.92 ± 5.01 | 35.72 ± 4.70 | < 0.001 | 29.17 ± 3.32 | 29.21 ± 3.59 | 0.957 | < 0.001 |
LVEF, % | 64.12 ± 4.06 | 65.00 ± 2.92 | 0.019 | 64.15 ± 2.00 | 64.53 ± 4.04 | 0.697 | 0.971 |
Factors affecting HRV in patients with ASD before closure
Dependent variable | Variable | Unstandardized coefficient | Standardized β | p Value | R2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | Std. Error | |||||
SDNN | Age | −0.487 | 0.107 | − 0.316 | < 0.001 | 0.415 |
Sex | −11.416 | 3.451 | −0.213 | 0.001 | ||
Defect diameter | −1.091 | 0.245 | − 0.287 | < 0.001 | ||
Heart rate | −1.316 | 0.181 | −0.498 | < 0.001 | ||
Diabetes | −18.990 | 8.059 | −0.153 | 0.02 | ||
SDANN | Age | −0.403 | 0.105 | −0.285 | < 0.001 | 0.296 |
Sex | −11.732 | 3.449 | −0.240 | 0.001 | ||
Defect diameter | −0.969 | 0.242 | −0.279 | < 0.001 | ||
Heart rate | −0.840 | 0.181 | −0.347 | < 0.001 |