Background
Methods
Study design and setting
Study patients
Data collection
Outcome
Statistical analysis
Results
Total (n = 2534) | ARDS (n = 156) | No ARDS (n = 2378) |
p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
APACHE II | 11.7 ± 6.4 | 16.3 ± 7.4 | 11.4 ± 6.2 | <0.001 |
Age (years) | 58.5 ± 18.8 | 54.9 ± 17.3 | 58.8 ± 18.9 | 0.01 |
Total fluid infused during first 6 h (L) | 1.49 ± 1.51 | 2.54 ± 2.31 | 1.41 ± 1.42 | <0.001 |
Race | 0.04 | |||
White | 1448 (59.2) | 97 (63.8) | 1351 (58.9) | |
Black | 724 (29.6) | 31 (20.4) | 693 (30.2) | |
Asian | 35 (1.4) | 3 (2.0) | 32 (1.4) | |
Other | 240 (9.8) | 21 (13.8) | 219 (9.5) | |
Shock | 234 (9.23) | 44 (28.2) | 190 (8.0) | <0.001 |
Male | 1298 (51.2) | 94 (60.3) | 1204 (50.6) | 0.02 |
Pneumonia as site of infection | 1234 (48.7) | 91 (58.33) | 1143 (48.1) | 0.01 |
Alcohol use | 596 (26.0) | 41 (29.3) | 555 (25.8) | 0.36 |
Blood product transfusion | 51 (2.6) | 10 (8.6) | 41 (2.2) | <0.001 |
Aspiration | 103 (4.1) | 15 (9.6) | 88 (3.7) | <0.001 |
Pancreatitis | 24 (1.0) | 5 (3.2) | 19 (0.8) | 0.003 |
Thoracic surgery | 6 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (0.3) | 0.53 |
Spine surgery | 3 (0.1) | 2 (1.3) | 1 (0.0) | <0.001 |
Acute abdomen | 42 (1.7) | 6 (3.9) | 36 (1.5) | 0.03 |
Cardiac surgery | 3 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.1) | 0.66 |
Aortic surgery | 3 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.1) | 0.66 |
Lung contusion | 2 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.1) | 0.72 |
Near drowning | 0 (0) | 0 | 0 | NA |
Brain injury | 11 (0.4) | 3 (1.9) | 8 (0.34) | 0.004 |
Smoke inhalation | 4 (0.2) | 1 (0.6) | 3 (0.1) | 0.12 |
Long-bone fractures | 5 (0.2) | 3 (1.9) | 2 (0.1) | <0.001 |
Obesity (BMI > 30) | 598 (23.6) | 44 (28.2) | 554 (23.3) | 0.16 |
Chemotherapy | 131 (5.2) | 10 (6.4) | 121 (5.1) | 0.47 |
Diabetes mellitus | 733 (28.9) | 33 (21.1) | 700 (29.4) | 0.03 |
Tobacco use | 0.83 | |||
Never | 1177 (49.7) | 73 (51.4) | 1104 (49.6) | |
Former | 652 (27.6) | 36 (25.4) | 616 (27.7) | |
Current | 538 (22.7) | 33 (23.3) | 505 (22.7) | |
Emergency surgery | 41 (1.6) | 5 (3.2) | 36 (1.5) | 0.10 |
Tachypnea (RR > 30) | 239 (9.7) | 30 (20.0) | 209 (9.0) | <0.001 |
Hypoxemia (SpO2 < 95%) | 861 (34.6) | 68 (44.2) | 793 (34.0) | 0.01 |
FIO2 >0.35 | 395 (17.0) | 61 (41.2) | 334 (15.4) | <0.001 |
Hypoalbuminemia | 695 (54.9) | 64 (74.4) | 631 (53.4) | <0.001 |
Acidosis (pH < 7.35) | 231 (42.5) | 50 (55.6) | 181 (40.0) | 0.006 |
Odds ratio (95% CI) |
p value | |
---|---|---|
APACHE II | 1.11 (1.08–1.13) | <0.001 |
Age (years) | 0.99 (0.98–1.0) | 0.01 |
Total fluid infused during first 6 h (L) | 1.40 (1.28–1.54) | <0.001 |
Race | ||
White | Reference | Reference |
Black | 0.62 (0.41–0.94) | 0.02 |
Asian | 1.31 (0.39–4.34) | 0.59 |
Other | 1.34 (0.82–2.19) | 0.25 |
Shock | 4.52 (3.10–6.61) | <0.001 |
Gender (male) | 1.48 (1.06–2.06) | 0.02 |
Pneumonia as site of infection | 1.51 (1.09–2.10) | 0.01 |
Alcohol use | 1.19 (0.82–1.74) | 0.36 |
Blood product transfusion | 4.10 (2.00–8.41) | <0.001 |
Aspiration | 2.77 (1.56–4.91) | <0.001 |
Pancreatitis | 4.11 (1.51–11.16) | 0.003 |
Acute abdomen | 2.60 (1.08–6.27) | 0.03 |
Obesity (BMI > 30) | 1.29 (0.90–1.86) | 0.16 |
Chemotherapy | 1.28 (0.66–2.49) | 0.47 |
Diabetes mellitus | 0.64 (0.43–0.95) | 0.03 |
Tobacco use | ||
Never | Reference | Reference |
Former | 0.88 (0.59–1.33) | 0.56 |
Current | 0.99 (0.65–1.51) | 0.81 |
Emergency surgery | 2.16 (0.83–5.57) | 0.11 |
Tachypnea (RR > 30) | 2.52 (1.65–3.86) | <0.001 |
Hypoxemia (SpO2 < 95%) | 1.54 (1.11–2.14) | 0.01 |
FIO2 >0.35 | 3.86 (2.72–5.46) | <0.001 |
Odds ratio (95% CI) |
p value | |
---|---|---|
APACHE II | 1.10 (1.07–1.13) | <0.001 |
Age (years) | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) | <0.001 |
Total fluid infused during first 6 h (L) | 1.15 (1.03–1.29) | 0.01 |
Shock | 2.57 (1.62–4.08) | <0.001 |
Gender (male) | 1.30 (0.92–1.85) | 0.14 |
Race | ||
White | Reference | Reference |
Black | 0.56 (0.36–0.87) | 0.08 |
Asian | 1.14 (0.32–4.11) | 0.58 |
Other | 1.14 (0.66–1.96) | 0.29 |
Pneumonia as site of infection | 2.31 (1.59–3.36) | <0.001 |
Pancreatitis | 3.86 (1.33–11.24) | 0.01 |
Acute abdomen | 3.77 (1.37–10.41) | 0.01 |
Diabetes mellitus | 0.74 (0.48–1.12) | 0.16 |
Tachypnea (RR > 30) | 1.41 (1.00–1.97) | 0.05 |
Odds ratio (95% CI) |
p value | |
---|---|---|
Shock | 1.05 (0.87–1.28) | 0.60 |
No shock | 1.21 (1.05–1.38) | 0.01 |