Purpose
Sarcopenia is associated with reduced survival in cancer. Currently, data on sarcopenia at presentation and muscle loss throughout treatment are unknown in patients receiving chemoradiation therapy (CRT) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study evaluated skeletal muscle changes in NSCLC patients receiving CRT and relationship with survival.
Methods
Secondary analysis of 41 patients with NSCLC treated with CRT assessed for skeletal muscle area and muscle density by computed tomography pre-treatment and 3 months post-treatment. Images at week 4 of treatment were available for 32 (78%) patients. Linear mixed models were applied to determine changes in skeletal muscle over time and related to overall survival using Kaplan-Meier plots.
Results
Muscle area and muscle density decreased significantly by week 4 of CRT (− 6.6 cm2, 95% CI − 9.7 to − 3.1, p < 0.001; − 1.3 HU, 95% CI − 1.9 to − 0.64, p < 0.001, respectively), with minimal change between week 4 of CRT and 3 months post-CRT follow-up (− 0.2 cm2, 95% CI − 3.6–3.1, p = 0.91; − 0.27, 95% CI − 0.91–0.36, p = 0.36, respectively). Sarcopenia was present in 25 (61%) and sarcopenic obesity in 6 (14%) of patients prior to CRT, but not associated with poorer survival. Median survival was shorter in patients with low muscle density prior to treatment although not statistically significant (25 months + 8.3 vs 53 months + 13.0, log-rank p = 0.17).
Conclusion
Significant loss of muscle area and muscle density occurs in NSCLC patients early during CRT. A high proportion of patients are sarcopenic prior to CRT; however, this was not significantly associated with poorer survival.
