Background
Viral hemorrhagic fevers
Epidemiology
Age (years) | Occupation | Country where Ebola virus infection occurred | Case presentation | Country of Hospitalisation | Hospital LOS (days) | Outcome | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1a
| 33 | Health worker | Liberia | Medically evacuated | USA | 19 | Survived |
2a
| 59 | Health worker | Liberia | Medically evacuated | USA | 14 | Survived |
3 | 75 | Non health worker | Liberia | Medically evacuated | Spain | 5 | Died |
4 | 29 | Health worker | Sierra Leone | Medically evacuated | UK | 10 | Survived |
5a
| 36 | Health worker | Sierra Leone | Medically evacuated | Germany | 30 | Survived |
6a
| 51 | Health worker | Liberia | Medically evacuated | USA | 20 | Survived |
7a
| 43 | Health worker | Sierra Leone | Medically evacuated | USA | 41 | Survived |
8 | N/A | Health worker | Liberia | Medically evacuated | France | 16 | Survived |
9 | 70 | Nonhealth worker | Sierra Leone | Medically evacuated | Spain | 3 | Died |
10a
| 45 | Unknown | Liberia | Imported infection | USA | 8 | Died |
11a
| 38 | Health worker | Sierra Leone | Medically evacuated | Germany | 47 | Survived |
12a
| 44 | Health worker | Spain | Secondary infection | Spain | 30 | Survived |
13a
| 33 | Nonhealth worker | Liberia | Medically evacuated | USA | 16 | Survived |
14 | 30 | Health worker | Sierra Leone | Medically evacuated | Norway | 13 | Survived |
15 | 56 | Health worker | Liberia | Medically evacuated | Germany | 6 | Died |
16a
| 26 | Health worker | USA | Secondary infection | USA | 13 | Survived |
17a
| 29 | Health worker | USA | Secondary infection | USA | 14 | Survived |
18 | 33 | Health worker | Guinea | Imported infection | USA | 19 | Survived |
19 | N/A | Nonhealth worker | Sierra Leone | Medically evacuated | France | 21 | Survived |
20a
| 44 | Health worker | Sierra Leone | Medically evacuated | USA | 2 | Died |
21a
| 43 | Health worker | Sierra Leone | Medically evacuated | Switzerland | 15 | Survived |
22 | 50 | Health worker | Sierra Leone | Medically evacuated | Italy | 38 | Survived |
23 | N/A | Nonhealth worker | Liberia | Medically evacuated | Netherlands | 13 | Survived |
24 | 39 | Health worker | Sierra Leone | Imported infection | UK | 25 | Survived |
25 | 25 | Health worker | Sierra Leone | Medically evacuated | UK | 15 | Survived |
26 | N/A | Health worker | Sierra Leone | Medically evacuated | USA | 27 | Survived |
27 | N/A | Health worker | Sierra Leone | Imported infection | Italy | 31 | Survived |
Characteristics of transmission
Infection prevention and control practices
Pathophysiology
Diagnostics
Clinical presentation of Ebola virus disease
Clinical outcomes
All | Survived | Died | |
---|---|---|---|
Treated outside West Africa | 27 | 22 (81.5 %) | 5 (18.5 %) |
Gendera (male) | 17 (68 %) | 12 (60 %) | 5 (100 %) |
Median ageb (range) | 40.5 (25–75) | 36 (25–59) | 56 (42–75) |
Mean hospital length of stay (days, confidence interval) | 19 (±11.5) | 22 (±10.2) | 5 (±2.4) |
Evacuated from West Africa | 20 (74 %) | 16 (80 %) | 4 (20 %) |
Infected outside West Africa | 3 (11 %) | 3 (100 %) | 0 |
Monitoring and care delivery
Discharge criteria and virus persistence during convalescence
Critical and supportive care interventions
Reference | [76] | [76] | [42] | [38] | [81] | [81] | [82] | [37] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||||||||||||
Gender | M | F | M | M | M | M | M | F | M | F | F | M | M |
Age (years) | 33 | 59 | 36 | 51 | 43 | 42 | 38 | 44 | 33 | 26 | 29 | 44 | 43 |
Country of infection | Liberia | Liberia | Sierra Leone | Liberia | Sierra Leone | Liberia | Sierra Leone | Spain | Liberia | USA | USA | Sierra Leone | Sierra Leone |
Country providing care | USA | USA | Germany | USA | USA | USA | Germany | Spain | USA | USA | USA | USA | Switzerland |
Hospital admission | |||||||||||||
Admission date | 2 Aug 2014 | 5 Aug 2014 | 27 Aug 2014 | 5 Sep 2014 | 9 Sep 2014 | 30 Sep 2014 | 3 Oct 2014 | 6 Oct 2014 | 6 Oct 2014 | 11 Oct 2014 | 14 Oct 2014 | 15 Nov 2014 | 21 Nov 2014 |
Days from diagnosis to evacuation | 7 | 10 | 4 | 7 | 2 | N/A | 5 | 0 | 5 | N/A | N/A | 6 | 4 |
Hospital LOS | 19 | 14 | 30 | 20 | 41 | 8 | 47 | 30 | 16 | 13 | 14 | 3 | 15 |
Vital status | Survived | Survived | Survived | Survived | Survived | Died | Survived | Survived | Survived | Survived | Survived | Died | Survived |
Critical care therapies | |||||||||||||
Central line | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Y |
Vasopressors | N | N | N | N | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | Y | N |
Oxygen | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | Y | N |
NIV (d, days) | N | N | Y (8d) | N | N | N | Y (1d) | N | N | N | N | N | N |
MV (d, days) | N | N | N | N | Y (17d) | Y (5d) | Y (13d) | N | N | N | N | Y (3d) | N |
CRRT (d, days) | N | N | N | N | Y (24d) | Y (5d) | Y (18d) | N | N | N | N | Y (3d) | N |
IHD (d, days) | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y (10d) | N | N | N | N | N | N |
Experimental therapies | |||||||||||||
Convalescent plasma | Y | N | N | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N |
ZMapp/ZMab | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y | Y |
Brincidofovir | N | N | N | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y | N | N |
Favipiravir | N | N | Y | N | N | N | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | Y |
TKM | N | N | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | Y | N | N | N |
Other | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Amiodarone, FX06 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |