Background
Methods
Study area
Inventory of edible plant resources
Detailed in-depth interviews
Species | Common name | 1Useful parts (Mostly) | 2Availability | 3Forms of propagation | 4Economic importance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agave obscura Schiede | Mexcalli cacaya | RP | S | VP, TI | CT, Ex |
Agave salmiana Otto ex Salm-Dyck | Mexcalli mateuonti | CI | S | VP, TI | CT |
Amaranthus hybridus L. | Baquilitl | VP | S | S | CT |
Brassica rapa L. | Colesh | VP | S | S | * |
Canna indica L. | Panispatl | VP | C | TI, S | * |
Cestrum nocturnum L. | Zopelilquilitl | VP | C | VP | CT, Ex |
Chamaedorea tepejilote Liebm. ex Mart | Tepejilote | CI | S | TI, S | CT, Ex |
Cleoserrata speciosa (Raf.) H.H. Iltis | Mabilquilitl | VP | S | S | CT |
Crataegus mexicana Moc. & Sessé ex DC. | Xocotebitl | CI | S | TI | Ex |
Dasylirion serratifolium (Karw. ex Schult. f.) Zucc. | Mazitzi | RP | S | TI | CT, Ex |
Eugenia capuli (Schltdl. & Cham.) Hook. & Arn. | Mototetl | CI | S | TI | CT, Ex |
Inga vera Kunth | Topetli | RP | S | TI | * |
Jatropha curcas L. | Piñòn | RP | S | VP | CT |
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) | Baxi | RP | S | TI, S | CT, Ex |
Litsea glaucescens Kunth | Sogogotl | VP | C | TI | CT, Ex |
Peperomia peltilimba C. DC. | Tequilitl | CI | C | VP | CT, Ex |
Phaseolus coccineus L. (Nezoquilitl) | Xochiquilitl | RP | S | S | Ex |
Phytolacca icosandra L. | Molquilitl | VP | C | S | * |
Piper auritum Kunth | Tlanilpaquilitl | VP | S | VP, TI | * |
Plantago alismatifolia Pilg. | Toro lengua | VP | S | S | * |
Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass. | Pipicha | CI | C | S | CT, Ex |
Prunus serotina Ehrh. | Capulli | RP | S | TI, S | CT, Ex |
Quercus candicans Née | Tamalabatl | VP | C | TI | * |
Raphanus raphanistrum L. | Rábano | VP | S | S | * |
Renealmia alpinia (Rottb.) Maas | Velijmolli | VP | C | TI, VP, S | CT, Ex |
Sambucus mexicana C. Presl ex DC. | Xometl | VP | C | VP | * |
Sideroxylon palmeri (Rose) T.D. Penn. | Tempesquistle | RP | S | TI | CT, Ex |
Solanum americanum Mill. | Tomaquilitl | VP | S | S | Ex |
Sonchus oleraceus L. | Memella | VP | S | S | * |
Spathiphyllum cochlearispathum (Liebm.) Engl. | Elotlquilitl | RP | S | TI, VP | CT, Ex |
Tigridia pavonia (L. f.) DC. | Tlalteztli | VP | C | S | * |
Vaccinium leucanthum Schltdl. | Tetzmolli | RP | S | TI | * |
Yucca elephantipes Regel | Izotl | RP | S | VP | CT, Ex |
Variable | States of variables and codified values | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lifecycle | Perennial (1) | Annual (2) | |||||||||
Method of reproduction | Sexual (1) | Asexual (2) | Sexual and Asexual (3) | ||||||||
Reproductive System | Mostly self-incompatible (1) | Mostly self-compatible (2) | |||||||||
Maintenance Labours | Cleaningor weeding (0.5) | Grooves water penetration (0.5) | Softening soil (0.5) | Remove dead leaves or pruning branches (0.5) | Apply fertilizer (0.5) | Irrigation (0.5) | Fumigation (0.5) | Calcimine (0.5) | Separate clumps or propagules (0.5) | Place of guardians rods (0.5) | Make fences (0.5) |
Artificial selection | Odor (1) | Form (1) | Color (1) | Flavor (1) | Size(1) | Phenological differences (1) | Texture (1) | ||||
Collective regulation | No regulation (0) | Yes, but does not apply (1) | Yes, admonition applies (1.5) | Yes, applies monetary penalty (2) | |||||||
Using Tools | Manual (0.5) | Stem, pole or equivalent (1) | Knife, penknife or equivalent (1.5) | Machete, sickle or equivalent (2) | Axe, shovel or equivalent (2.5) | Specialized (3) | |||||
Proximity to site collects | Less than 100 mg (0.5) | Up to 1 Km (1) | Up to 5 km (1.5) | More than 5 km (2) | |||||||
Time spent in collecting | Minutes (0.5) | Hours (1) | Days (2) | ||||||||
Management forms | Simple collection (0.5) | Regulated collection (1) | Tolerance (1.5) | Enhancement (2) | Protection (2.5) | Vegetative parts transplantation (3) | Transplantation individuals (3.5) | Sowing seeds (4) |
Species | Cultural importance | Economic importance | Abundance perceived | Density indiv/ha | Biomass **cover% | Ecological dominance index | Distribution % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chamaedorea tepejilote Liebm. ex Mart | 0.2919 | (5) 0.227 | (4) 1.920 | (3) 1166.666 | (5) 1310.965 | P(3) 2016995.962 | 33.333 |
Agave salmiana Otto ex Salm-Dyck | 0.2427 | (2) 0.303 | (20) 3.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | P 0.000 | 0.000 |
Litsea glaucescens Kunth | 0.1608 | (1) 0.394 | (12) 2.550 | (12) 20.000 | (12) 15.241 | P(12) 60.967 | 33.333 |
Peperomia peltilimba C. DC. | 0.1103 | (10) 0.133 | (17) 2.800 | - | **(8) 0.086 | A(7) 0.087 | 11.111 |
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit | 0.0965 | (19) 0.034 | (28) 3.750 | 0.000 | 0.000 | P 0.000 | 0.000 |
Eugenia capuli (Schltdl. & Cham.) Hook. & Arn. | 0.0869 | (6) 0.163 | (31) 4.000 | (11) 20.000 | (10) 129.520 | P 0.000 | 11.111 |
Yucca elephantipes Regel | 0.0408 | (12) 0.080 | (18) 2.880 | (6) 146.666 | (3) 5501.371 | P(5) 225594.800 | 22.222 |
Prunus serotina Ehrh. | 0.0357 | (15) 0.062 | (9) 2.140 | (9) 80.000 | (6) 1146.264 | P(8) 18340.231 | 11.111 |
Piper auritum Kunth | 0.0319 | * 0.001 | (22) 3.000 | - | **(3) 0.208 | P(11) 518.083 | 0.000 |
Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass. | 0.0316 | (3) 0.278 | (10) 2.220 | - | **(9) 0.086 | A(8) 0.087 | 11.111 |
Canna indica L. | 0.0283 | * 0.001 | (8) 2.100 | (7) 140.000 | (11) 55.334 | P(10) 1549.356 | 11.111 |
Agave obscura Schiede | 0.0234 | (11) 0.085 | (11) 2.430 | 0.000 | 0.000 | P 0.000 | 0.000 |
Amaranthus hybridus L. | 0.0215 | (4) 0.259 | (3) 1.730 | - | **(4) 0.185 | A(3 0.185 | 22.222 |
Brassica rapa L. | 0.0171 | * 0.001 | (16) 2.670 | - | **(7) 0.162 | A(6) 0.162 | 22.222 |
Plantago alismatifolia Pilg. | 0.0136 | * 0.001 | (29) 3.750 | - | **(12) 0.075 | A(11) 0.075 | 11.111 |
Cestrum nocturnum L. | 0.0133 | (9) 0.139 | (19) 2.900 | (4) 480.000 | (7) 548.163 | P(6) 210494.830 | 22.222 |
Crataegus mexicana Moc. & Sessé ex DC. | 0.0128 | (14) 0.064 | (33) 4.090 | 0.000 | 0.000 | P 0.000 | 0.000 |
Solanum americanum Mill. | 0.0092 | (20) 0.025 | (14) 2.600 | - | **(5) 0.185 | A(4) 0.185 | 22.222 |
Phaseolus coccineus L. | 0.0075 | (18) 0.050 | (23) 3.100 | - | **(10) 0.075 | A(9) 0.075 | 11.111 |
Quercus candicans Née | 0.0070 | * 0.001 | (1) 1.560 | (1) 5180.000 | (1) 36436.946 | P(1) 169869044.816 | 33.333 |
Dasylirion serratifolium (Karw. ex Schult. f.) Zucc. | 0.0046 | (7) 0.156 | (5) 2.000 | (5) 260.000 | (8) 454.600 | P(7) 94556.988 | 11.111 |
Phytolacca icosandra L. | 0.0032 | * 0.001 | (15) 2.640 | - | **(11) 0.075 | A(10) 0.075 | 11.111 |
Renealmia alpinia (Rottb.) Maas | 0.0024 | (13) 0.070 | (25) 3.330 | - | 0.000 | P 0.000 | 0.000 |
Sambucus mexicana C. Presl ex DC. | 0.0016 | * 0.001 | (2) 1.710 | (10) 60.000 | (9) 176.668 | P(9) 2120.022 | 0.000 |
Sideroxylon palmeri (Rose) T.D. Penn. | 0.0013 | (8) 0.148 | (27) 3.500 | 0.000 | 0.000 | P 0.000 | 0.000 |
Inga vera Willd. | 0.0008 | * 0.001 | (24) 3.290 | (8) 90.000 | (2) 7462.929 | P(4) 1041733.572 | 33.333 |
Spathiphyllum cochlearispathum (Liebm.) Engl. | 0.0008 | (16) 0.060 | (32) 4.000 | - | **(2) 0.231 | A(2) 0.231 | 22.222 |
Jatropha curcas L. | 0.0006 | (17) 0.053 | (21) 3.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | P 0.000 | 0.000 |
Sonchus oleraceus L. | 0.0004 | * 0.001 | (13) 2.570 | - | **(6) 0.185 | A(5) 0.185 | 22.222 |
Cleoserrata speciosa (Raf.) H.H. Iltis | 0.0001 | (21) 0.021 | (30) 3.880 | - | 0.000 | A 0.000 | 0.000 |
Raphanus raphanistrum L. | 0.0001 | * 0.001 | (6) 2.000 | - | **(13) 0.075 | A 0.000 | 0.000 |
Vaccinium leucanthum Schltdl. | 0.0001 | * 0.001 | (7) 2.000 | (2) 1920.000 | (4) 1897.257 | P(2) 3642734.885 | 33.333 |
Tigridia pavonia (L. f.) DC. | 0.0000 | * 0.001 | (26) 3.440 | - | **(1) 0.295 | A(1) 0.295 | 33.333 |
Matrices | Variables | Description |
---|---|---|
Management Intensity (Response Matrix Y) | Life cycle | Annual or perennial. |
Method of reproduction | Sexual, asexual or both. | |
Reproductive System | Mostly self-incompatible or Mostly self-compatible. | |
Maintenance Labours | Cleaning or weeding, grooves water penetration, apply fertilizer, fumigation, etc. | |
Artificial selection | If selection criteria are recognized by specific characteristic. | |
Collective regulation | Existence of rules governing access to the resource and how it is applied. | |
Using Tools | Types of tools used in resource extraction. | |
Proximity to site collects | Distance in meters from households to the extraction sites. | |
Time spent in collecting | Minutes, hours, and days. | |
Management types | Conditions of a plant’s management, whether gathered, tolerated, promoted, protected or cultivated. | |
Ecological (Matrix X) | Spatial distribution | Percentage of plots in which each species is present. |
Temporal distribution | Harvested parts are available continuously throughout the year or only seasonally. | |
Lyfe cycle | Annual or perennial. | |
Reproductive System | Mostly self-incompatible or Mostly self-compatible. | |
Ecological Dominance Index | Value calculated from the frequency, biomass, coverage and density. | |
Usefulparts | Mostly vegetative parts, mostly reproductive parts or whole individuals. | |
Frecuency | Proportion of presence in the quadrants of each sampling. | |
Cover | Percentage of cover in three quadrants of 1m2 for annuals. | |
Biomass | Calculated from the hedges and the diameter at breast height for perennials. | |
Density | Number of individuals per hectare. | |
Sociocultural and economic (Matrix W) | Consumption | Number of people consuming any edible species considered in this study. |
Frequency of use | Consumption over the year. | |
Last day of consumption | Days, weeks, months or years. | |
Uses | Number of uses that have a species. | |
Useful parts | Mostly vegetative parts, mostly reproductive parts or whole individuals. | |
NumberUsefulParts | Total number useful parts. | |
Commercialization | Local market presence. | |
Medicinal use | Medicinal use edible addition. | |
Average price | Average price of a plant species in all markets. | |
Sales Volume | Total sales volume in local market. | |
People who sell | People in the community who market some resource. |
Variables | Scale |
---|---|
Life cycle | Annual (1); Perennial (2) |
Reproductive System | Mostly self-compatible (1); Mostly self-incompatible (2) |
Distribution | Broad (1); Restricted (2) |
Abundance perceived | Very abundant (1); Abundant (2;) Regular abundance (3); Escarse (4); Very escarse (5) |
Useful parts | Mostly vegetative parts (1); Mostly reproductive parts (2); Complete individuals (3) |
Availability | Continuous (1); Temporal (2) |
Plagues | No pest (1); Presents pests, but nothing is done to eliminate them (2); Presents pests and these are eliminated (3) |
Number of used parts | Number of parts utilized |
Management | With management (1); Without management (2) |
Norms of use | No rule (1); With rule, but this does not apply (2); With rule, and this are applied (3) |
Cultural Importance | Value calculated for Cultural Importance Index |
Economic Importance | Value calculated for Economic Importance Index |
Distribution | In over 30% of plots (0.5); Up to 20% of plots (1); Up to 10% of plots (1.5); Not found in the plots (2) |
Species | Lifecycle | Method of reproduction | Reproductive system | Maintenance | Artificial selection | Collective regulation | Using tools | Proximity to collecting sites | Time spent in collecting | Management forms | Management intensity index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agave obscura Schiede | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0.167 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.533 | 0.733 | 0.433 | 1.233 | 8.100 |
Agave salmiana Otto ex Salm-Dyck | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0.467 | 0.000 | 0.667 | 1.633 | 0.467 | 0.467 | 1.900 | 11.600 |
Amaranthus hybridus L. | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.333 | 0.800 | 0.000 | 0.400 | 0.600 | 0.367 | 2.367 | 8.867 |
Brassica rapa L. | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.267 | 0.800 | 0.000 | 0.100 | 0.500 | 0.333 | 1.867 | 7.867 |
Canna indica L. | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0.333 | 0.733 | 0.000 | 0.633 | 0.233 | 0.300 | 2.233 | 10.467 |
Cestrum nocturnum L. | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0.267 | 0.600 | 0.000 | 0.400 | 0.400 | 0.267 | 2.067 | 9.000 |
Chamaedorea tepejilote Liebm. ex Mart | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0.533 | 0.933 | 0.267 | 1.167 | 1.267 | 0.800 | 4.200 | 14.167 |
Cleoserrata speciosa (Raf.) H.H. Iltis | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0.167 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.233 | 0.133 | 0.133 | 1.233 | 6.900 |
Crataegus mexicana Moc. & Sessé ex DC. | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0.367 | 0.133 | 0.133 | 0.133 | 0.700 | 0.333 | 2.333 | 8.133 |
Dasylirion serratifolium (Karw. ex Schult. f.) Zucc. | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0.300 | 0.400 | 0.867 | 0.667 | 1.467 | 0.267 | 0.767 | 8.733 |
Eugenia capuli (Schltdl. & Cham.) Hook. & Arn. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.333 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.533 | 1.067 | 0.800 | 3.000 | 8.733 |
Inga vera Willd. | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0.267 | 0.200 | 0.000 | 0.533 | 0.200 | 0.133 | 2.000 | 8.333 |
Jatropha curcas L. | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0.233 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.267 | 0.100 | 0.100 | 1.900 | 7.600 |
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0.433 | 0.600 | 0.067 | 0.333 | 0.733 | 0.233 | 3.300 | 11.700 |
Litsea glaucescens Kunth | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.300 | 0.400 | 1.000 | 0.400 | 1.167 | 0.800 | 2.800 | 9.867 |
Peperomia peltilimba C. DC. | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0.167 | 0.267 | 0.000 | 0.267 | 0.900 | 0.500 | 0.700 | 7.800 |
Phaseolus coccineus L. | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0.400 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.300 | 0.367 | 0.333 | 1.833 | 9.233 |
Phytolacca icosandra L. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.067 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.100 | 0.400 | 0.300 | 0.533 | 4.400 |
Piper auritum Kunth | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0.400 | 0.467 | 0.000 | 0.233 | 0.500 | 0.333 | 2.000 | 8.933 |
Plantago alismatifolia Pilg. | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.200 | 0.600 | 0.000 | 0.300 | 0.600 | 0.333 | 1.067 | 7.100 |
Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass. | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.400 | 0.267 | 0.000 | 0.233 | 0.933 | 0.367 | 2.800 | 9.000 |
Prunus serotina Ehrh. | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0.333 | 0.600 | 0.667 | 0.333 | 0.333 | 0.233 | 2.967 | 10.467 |
Quercus candicans Née | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0.367 | 0.600 | 0.867 | 1.067 | 1.000 | 0.533 | 1.367 | 11.800 |
Raphanus raphanistrum L. | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0.133 | 0.200 | 0.000 | 0.200 | 0.200 | 0.100 | 0.700 | 6.533 |
Renealmia alpinia (Rottb.) Maas | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0.300 | 0.400 | 0.000 | 0.600 | 0.200 | 0.133 | 1.900 | 8.533 |
Sambucus mexicana C. Presl ex DC. | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0.167 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.333 | 0.167 | 0.167 | 0.933 | 6.767 |
Sideroxylon palmeri (Rose) T.D. Penn. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.200 | 0.200 | 0.000 | 0.267 | 0.133 | 0.167 | 1.000 | 4.967 |
Solanum americanum Mill. | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.133 | 0.467 | 0.000 | 0.200 | 0.600 | 0.333 | 1.133 | 6.867 |
Sonchus oleraceus L. | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.100 | 0.267 | 0.000 | 0.133 | 0.333 | 0.167 | 0.900 | 5.900 |
Spathiphyllum cochlearispathum (Liebm.) Engl. | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0.100 | 0.467 | 0.000 | 0.600 | 0.233 | 0.200 | 1.133 | 7.733 |
Tigridia pavonia (L. f.) DC. | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0.067 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.467 | 0.200 | 0.133 | 0.500 | 5.367 |
Vaccinium leucanthum Schltdl. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.200 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.200 | 0.567 | 0.333 | 0.933 | 5.233 |
Yucca elephantipes Regel | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0.300 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.933 | 0.400 | 0.300 | 1.400 | 7.333 |
Species
|
Object of selection
|
Characteristics of the recognized variants
|
Preferred variant
|
---|---|---|---|
Amaranthus hybridus L. | Leaves | 1. White: inflorescence with white seeds and clear green leaves. | White. Since it has a more delicate flavor. The other variants are more bitter. |
2. Purple: inflorescence with red seeds and leaves with purple edges. | |||
3. “Pinto” (spotted): Inflorescence reddish leaves with purple spots. | |||
Brassica rapa L. | Entire plant | 2. “Colesh”: stem clean and smooth, pleasant taste. | Colesh. Since it has soft leaves that are easy to digest. |
3. “Coleshteneztli” or “Cashtelanquilitl” (Colesh goat): stem tomentose, scratchy texture, bitter leaves. | |||
Canna indica L. | Entire plant | 1. “Panisplatl de tamal”: Flowers small, long leaves and light green. | Both are appreciated, but they serve and are propagated with different purposes. |
2. “Panispatl ornament”: Flowers large and showy; leaves medium gray-green. | |||
Cestrum nocturnum L. | Young leaves | 1. Leaves with pleasant flavor when cooked. Flowering very conspicuous. | Leaves with pleasant flavor. The bitter variety is an emerging food. |
2. Leaves with bitter flavor. Rarely blooms. It is known as wild. | |||
Chamaedorea tepejilote Liebm. ex Mart. | Male inflorescence immature | 1. “Tepejilote Metlapilli”: Inflorescence large and thick. | The first three are prized for their yield and their market price. The latter is a emerging food. |
2. “Tepejilote tronquitos”: Inflorescence small and thick. | |||
3. “Tepejilote of plantation coffee”: Inflorescence of size and average. | |||
4. thickness, but high productivity. | |||
5. Tepejilote “Corpus” (wild): Inflorescence small and thin. | |||
Dasylirion serratifolium (Karw. ex Schult. f.) Zucc. | Young inflorescence | 1. Inflorescence purple, and flower buds larger. | Inflorescence purple. Because it has higher yield and better price. However, both varieties are sold. |
2. Inflorescence white, and bud smaller. | |||
Inga vera Willd. | Leaves | 1. “Topetli of plantation coffee”: large leaves. | The variety of coffee plantation, since it is used to shade coffee. |
2. “Topetli wild”: Small leaves and edible fruit, but not sown. | |||
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) | Seeds | 1. White: Pods green clear and pleasant taste. | With the exception of the variety "prieto", all others are consumed with no clear preferences. |
2. Red: dark green leaves and more concentrated flavor. | |||
3. Pink: sweeter taste. | |||
4. “Prieto”: Variety with bark dark, recognized as wild. | |||
Litsea glaucescens Kunth | Leaves | 1. “Laurel of odor”: leaves thin and small, grayish underside. Tiny flowers. | “Laurel of odor”. He is recognized as "authentic". Best flavor food and therefore has the best price on the market. |
2. Leaves broad and elongated, light green undersides. Larger flowers. | |||
Peperomia peltilimba C. DC. | Leaves | 1. “Tequilitl”: Small leaves, thin, and smooth taste. | Tequilitl.It is recognized as edible and is sold in the market. Tehuantequilitl not sold and is recognized as ornamental. |
2. “Tehuantequilitl” (quelite of coyote): Larger leaves and thicker. Flavor more concentrated. | |||
Piper auritum Kunth | Leaves | 1. “Tlanilpaquilitl of house”: Leaves large, smooth, and highly aromatic. Smooth stems and light green. | “Tlanilpaquilitl of house”. Its leaves are sweet and fragrant. |
2.“Tlanilpaquilitl wild”: Leaves small and odorless. Stems with white spots. | |||
Plantago alismatifolia Pilg. | Leaves | 1. “Nenepilpitzabatl”: Leaves thin and elongated. | “Nenepilpitzabatl”. Since it has soft leaves, which are very easy to digest. The other varieties have leaves rough and rugged. |
2. Variety of broad-leaved. It is used to feed the turkeys. | |||
3. Wild: Leaves reddish and bitter taste, not eaten. | |||
Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.)Cass. | Complete plant | 1. White: Light green leaves. Cultivated. | Both are appreciated. Although the "white" is cultivated by irrigation, which guarantees to be present throughout almost all year. By contrast, the seed of the variety "purple" is spread in the fields of temporal. |
2. Purple: Leaves and flowers of purple coloration. This grows in the dry zone. | |||
Prunus serotina Ehrh. | Fruit | 1. “Capulín of house”. Red fruits, sweet taste, light green leaves. | Capulín of house.This is sold in local and regional markets. The variety “capulín of fox" the fruits are not consumed. The wood is used as firewood and for making tools. |
2. “Capulli Iztotzi or Capulli Quimichi” (Capulín of fox or of mouse). Black fruit with acid flavor, dark green leaves. | |||
Quercus candicans Née | Leaves | 1. Leaves large, thin, smooth. Leaf underside glabrous and bcenter. The surface of the leaf is light green. | Leaf smooth and glabrous. Can be handled better. |
2. Leaves thick, leathery, spoon-shaped. Undersides densely tomentose. Beam darker color. | |||
Raphanus raphanistrum L. | Leaves | 1. Pubescent leaf, purple flower, intense flavor and hard to digest. | Smooth leaf. It is more digestible. The purple variety is recognized as fodder. |
2. Smooth leaf, white flower and sweeter taste. | |||
Renealmia alpinia (Rottb.) Maas | Complete plant | 1. “Velijmolli”: Dark green leaves with slightly wavy edges. Rounded tips. | Velijmolli. They have larger leaves, higher performance, and better price. |
2. “Velijmolli wild”. Leaves light green, smooth edge. Ending in a peak. | |||
Sideroxylon palmeri (Rose) T.D. Penn. | Fruit | 1. Fruit round. | Locally are consumed the two varieties. However, the variety of round fruit at regional sells better. |
2. Fruit shaped-avocad. | |||
Solanum americanum Mill. | Complete plant | 1. Bitter or wild. | The non-bitter. However, the bitter has been identified as Solanum nigrescens Mart. & Gal. |
2. Not bitter. | |||
Sonchus oleraceus L. | Leaves | 1. White: Stems light green. Broad leaves. | White and purple are recognized as edibles. The variety green is recognized as wild and just is consumed as food emerging. |
2. Purple: Stems with purple beam. | |||
3. Green: Stems green. Thin leaves, ending in a peak. Bitter taste. | |||
Spathiphyllum cochlearispathum (Liebm.) Engl. | Inflorescence | 1. “Iztacxóchitl”: White flower, is not edible, bitter, is used for adornment, wild plant. | Elotlxóchitl. Its are better flavor and is sold in the market. |
2. “Elotlxóchitl or Oloxóchitl”. Green flower. Fast cooking and palatable. |
Management intensity index
Cultural and economic values of edible plant species
Distribution and abundance of plant resources
Risk index
Data analyses
Results
Inventory of edible plant resources
Management types
Artificial selection criteria
Management intensity
Species | Management intensity index | Risk index |
---|---|---|
Amaranthus hybridus
| 0.10253 | 0.50874 |
Agave obscura
| 0.00051 | -0.5632 |
Agave salmiana
| 1.54163 | 2.80585 |
Brassica rapa
| -0.37473 | -0.39934 |
Chamaedorea tepejilote
| 2.84038 | 2.00167 |
Canna indica
| 0.45666 | -0.55632 |
Crataegus mexicana
| 0.25688 | -0.43962 |
Cestrum nocturnum
| 0.01114 | 0.06298 |
Cleoserrata speciosa
| -1.3656 | -0.48555 |
Dasylirion serratifolium
| 0.91661 | 0.57903 |
Eugenia capuli
| 0.92784 | 0.58267 |
Inga vera
| -0.14487 | -1.06197 |
Jatropha curcas
| -0.71903 | -0.92313 |
Litsea glaucescens
| 1.53319 | 2.45691 |
Leucaena leucocephala
| 0.89194 | 0.17581 |
Palismatifolia
| -0.59795 | -0.44745 |
Piper auritum
| 0.22645 | -0.49444 |
Phaseolus coccineus
| 0.13201 | -0.04537 |
Phytolaca icosandra
| -1.19325 | -0.09294 |
Peperomia peltilimba
| -0.18274 | 0.89908 |
Porophyllum ruderale
| 0.19413 | 0.88521 |
Prunus serotina
| 0.7972 | -0.6179 |
Quercus candicans
| 1.63139 | -0.25941 |
Renealmia alpinia
| 0.00994 | -0.28281 |
Raphanus raphanistrum
| -1.48358 | -0.18893 |
Solanum americanum
| -0.81386 | -0.56855 |
Spathiphyllum cochlearispathum
| -0.60716 | -0.61467 |
Sambucus mexicana
| -0.73268 | -0.71948 |
Sonchus oleraceus
| -1.34859 | -0.41756 |
Sideroxylon palmeri
| -0.94697 | -0.47684 |
Tigridia pavonia
| -1.30733 | -0.41779 |
Vaccinum leucanthum
| -0.68357 | -0.68177 |
Yucca elephantipes
| 0.03149 | -0.20291 |
Spatial and temporal availability of plant resources
Cultural and economic importance
Collective regulations for accessing to edible plant resources
Risk and management intensity
Variable | DF | Chisq | F | Pr(>F) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Quantity Marketed (kg or L) | 1 | 0.0087 | 1.2515 | 0.46 |
Cost (Kg or L) | 1 | 0.0035 | 0.5081 | 0.9 |
People who Sell | 1 | 0.0189 | 2.7245 | 0.07 |
Number People Consume | 1 | 0.0192 | 2.7721 | 0.1 |
Frequency Use | 1 | 0.0084 | 1.2105 | 0.33 |
Last Day Consumption | 1 | 0.0076 | 1.0914 | 0.43 |
Number of Uses | 1 | 0.0312 | 4.489 | 0.03 |
Useful Parts | 1 | 0.0114 | 1.6426 | 0.23 |
Number Useful Parts | 1 | 0.0005 | 0.0758 | 1 |
Commercialization | 1 | 0.0099 | 1.4333 | 0.3 |
Medicinal Use | 1 | 0.0051 | 0.7391 | 0.57 |
Espacial Distribution | 1 | 0.0237 | 3.4077 | 0.02 |
Temporal Distribution | 1 | 0.0046 | 0.6602 | 0.67 |
Lyfe Cycle | 1 | 0.0084 | 1.2126 | 0.46 |
Ecological Dominance | 1 | 0.0062 | 0.8891 | 0.64 |
Disponibility | 1 | 0.0017 | 0.2475 | 0.98 |
Reproductive System | 1 | 0.0044 | 0.6357 | 0.72 |
Relative Importance Value | 1 | 0.011 | 1.5811 | 0.22 |
Residual | 14 | 0.0972 |
Variable | DF | Chisq | F | Pr(>F) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lyfe cycle
| 1 | 0.042 | 10.120 | 0.01 |
Reproductive system
| 1 | 0.016 | 3.767 | 0.01 |
Distribution
| 1 | 0.011 | 2.609 | 0.01 |
Abundance perceived | 1 | 0.006 | 1.474 | 0.30 |
Useful part | 1 | 0.007 | 1.566 | 0.16 |
Temporal disponibility | 1 | 0.007 | 1.547 | 0.30 |
Pests | 1 | 0.004 | 1.059 | 0.46 |
No. of useful parts
| 1 | 0.014 | 3.235 | 0.01 |
No. of management Forms
| 1 | 0.012 | 2.855 | 0.02 |
Rules
| 1 | 0.030 | 7.213 | 0.01 |
Cultural importance | 1 | 0.010 | 2.263 | 0.06 |
Economic importance | 1 | 0.007 | 1.778 | 0.07 |
Spatial availability | 1 | 0.009 | 0.215 | 0.97 |
Residual | 19 | 0.079 |