An ill-supported but commonly bandied-about claim holds that fewer than 20% of common medical interventions are supported by scientific evidence. Although seemingly reputable sources continue to repeat this old chestnut [7], the data behind the original claim reside in a congressional report that is nearly 40 years old [2], and newer scholarship suggests that things have improved considerably in this regard [3]. All the same, ancient observations about gaps in our knowledge base—such as that offered by William Osler more than 100 years ago—still seem relevant: “The greater the ignorance, the greater the dogmatism” [11].
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