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The European Journal of Health Economics
Erschienen in:

02.05.2023 | Original Paper

Education and medication use later in life and the role of intelligence

verfasst von: Gianmaria Niccodemi, Govert Bijwaard

Erschienen in: The European Journal of Health Economics | Ausgabe 2/2024

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Abstract

We investigate the association between education and disease-specific medications in old age, prescribed by medical doctors, accounting for confounders and how this association is shaped by intelligence. We use administrative data on men including prescribed medication records. To account for endogeneity of education we estimate a structural model, consisting of (i) an ordered probit for educational attainment, (ii) a Gompertz mortality model for survival up to old age, (iii) a probit model for prescribed medications in old age, (iv) a measurement system using IQ tests to identify latent intelligence. The results suggest a strong effect of education on prescribed medications for most medications, except for prescribed medication for cardiac diseases and for depression and anxiety.
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Fußnoten
1
We cannot distinguish between type-1 and type-2 diabetes. As type-1 diabetes usually occurs early in life there may be simultaneous impacts between diabetes and education. However, this issue should be negligible as type-2 diabetes is much more common than type-1 in adults.
 
2
Note that for identification we need at least three different intelligence tests and to restrict one of the intelligence parameters in the IQ equations, \(\zeta\) in (4), to one.
 
3
Gaussian quadrature is a numerical integration method based on Hermite polynomials. It provides an efficient approximation for evaluating indefinite integrals based on normal distributions. The STATA estimation programs are available upon request.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Education and medication use later in life and the role of intelligence
verfasst von
Gianmaria Niccodemi
Govert Bijwaard
Publikationsdatum
02.05.2023
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
The European Journal of Health Economics / Ausgabe 2/2024
Print ISSN: 1618-7598
Elektronische ISSN: 1618-7601
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-023-01586-7

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