Background
Materials and methods
Data
Flanders | Brussels | Wallonia | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|
N | 2,922,767 | 260,619 | 1,373,444 | 4,556,830 |
% | 64.14 | 5.72 | 30.14 | 100.00 |
Person-years of follow up | 27,819,080 | 2,430,134 | 12,949,874 | 43,199,088 |
Number of deaths | 107,030 | 14,280 | 72,916 | 194,226 |
Gender | ||||
Male (%)
| 50.4 | 48.5 | 49.6 | |
Female (%)
| 49.6 | 51.5 | 50.4 | |
Education | ||||
Low (%)
| 36.8 | 29.2 | 39.0 | |
Mid (%)
| 31.3 | 21.4 | 26.7 | |
High (%)
| 27.5 | 40.2 | 27.1 | |
Missing (%)
| 4.4 | 9.2 | 7.1 | |
Housing | ||||
Tenant/Low comfort (%)
| 6.8 | 11.9 | 9.6 | |
Tenant/Mid comfort (%)
| 5.0 | 16.5 | 6.7 | |
Tenant/High comfort (%)
| 7.9 | 15.4 | 7.0 | |
Owner/Low comfort (%)
| 17.8 | 5.5 | 18.4 | |
Owner/Mid comfort (%)
| 6.9 | 8.0 | 7.9 | |
Owner/High comfort (%)
| 50.7 | 31.2 | 42.7 | |
Missing (%)
| 4.9 | 11.5 | 7.6 | |
Employment status | ||||
Working (incl student) (%)
| 69.5 | 65.5 | 62.6 | |
Unemployed (%)
| 3.6 | 7.6 | 8.8 | |
Retired (%)
| 10.3 | 9.4 | 10.0 | |
Non-working (%)
| 13.8 | 10.7 | 14.1 | |
Missing (%)
| 2.7 | 6.7 | 4.5 |
Analyses
Premature mortality rates by region and individual socio-economic characteristics
Model 1 |
p value
| Model 2a |
p value
| Model 2b |
p value
| Model 2c |
p value
| Model 3 |
p value
| ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | |||||||||||
Curage | 1.088 |
<0.001
| 1.083 |
<0.001
| 1.074 |
<0.001
| 1.092 |
<0.001
| 1.078 |
<0.001
| |
Region | Bxl | 1.539 |
<0.001
| 1.579 |
<0.001
| 1.404 |
<0.001
| 1.222 |
<0.001
| 1.254 |
<0.001
|
Wal | 1.543 |
<0.001
| 1.513 |
<0.001
| 1.452 |
<0.001
| 1.429 |
<0.001
| 1.390 |
<0.001
| |
Education | Low | 1.967 |
<0.001
| 1.373 |
<0.001
| ||||||
Mid | 1.470 |
<0.001
| 1.258 |
<0.001
| |||||||
Missing | 3.046 |
<0.001
| 1.469 |
<0.001
| |||||||
Employment | Unempl. | 2.582 |
<0.001
| 1.992 |
<0.001
| ||||||
Retired | 1.598 |
<0.001
| 1.455 |
<0.001
| |||||||
Non working, other | 3.495 |
<0.001
| 2.688 |
<0.001
| |||||||
Missing | 3.290 |
<0.001
| 2.078 |
<0.001
| |||||||
Housing | Ten./Low comf | 2.853 |
<0.001
| 2.071 |
<0.001
| ||||||
Ten./Mid comf | 2.966 |
<0.001
| 2.172 |
<0.001
| |||||||
Ten./High comf | 1.595 |
<0.001
| 1.477 |
<0.001
| |||||||
Owner/Low comf | 1.642 |
<0.001
| 1.408 |
<0.001
| |||||||
Owner/Mid comf | 1.599 |
<0.001
| 1.374 |
<0.001
| |||||||
Missing | 2.859 |
<0.001
| 1.852 |
<0.001
| |||||||
Women | |||||||||||
Curage | 1.085 |
<0.001
| 1.077 |
<0.001
| 1.068 |
<0.001
| 1.086 |
<0.001
| 1.071 |
<0.001
| |
Region | Bxl | 1.491 |
<0.001
| 1.555 |
<0.001
| 1.586 |
<0.001
| 1.238 |
<0.001
| 1.346 |
<0.001
|
Wal | 1.401 |
<0.001
| 1.393 |
<0.001
| 1.391 |
<0.001
| 1.310 |
<0.001
| 1.309 |
<0.001
| |
Education | Low | 1.718 |
<0.001
| 1.204 |
<0.001
| ||||||
Mid | 1.381 |
<0.001
| 1.155 |
<0.001
| |||||||
Missing | 2.697 |
<0.001
| 1.469 |
<0.001
| |||||||
Employment | Unempl. | 1.802 |
<0.001
| 1.516 |
<0.001
| ||||||
Retired | 1.785 |
<0.001
| 1.593 |
<0.001
| |||||||
Non working, other | 2.193 |
<0.001
| 1.950 |
<0.001
| |||||||
Missing | 2.836 |
<0.001
| 1.888 |
<0.001
| |||||||
Housing | Ten./Low comf | 2.422 |
<0.001
| 2.122 |
<0.001
| ||||||
Ten./Mid comf | 2.469 |
<0.001
| 2.200 |
<0.001
| |||||||
Ten./High comf | 1.509 |
<0.001
| 1.501 |
<0.001
| |||||||
Owner/Low comf | 1.477 |
<0.001
| 1.361 |
<0.001
| |||||||
Owner/Mid comf | 1.416 |
<0.001
| 1.326 |
<0.001
| |||||||
Missing | 2.521 |
<0.001
| 2.009 |
<0.001
|
Calculation of educational inequalities by region
Comparison of the magnitude of inequalities between the regions
Results
Basic characteristics of the population by region
Premature mortality rates by region and socio-economic characteristics
Inequality indices by region
Educational rate differences (RDs) and rate ratios (RRs) by region
Rate Difference
|
Rate Ratio
| |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Males
| Fla | Bxl | Wal | RD ratio Bxl - Fla |
p
| RD ratio Wal - Fla |
p
| RD ratio Wal -Bxl |
p
| Fla | Bxl | Wal | RR ratio Bxl- Fla |
p
| RR ratio Wal -Fla |
p
| RR ratio Wal -Bxl |
p
| ||
All-Cause
|
ALL CAUSES
|
Low
| 252.0 | 464.2 | 394.7 | 1.84 | *** | 1.57 | *** | 0.85 | *** | 1.9 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 1.15 | *** | 1.04 | * | 0.91 | ** |
Mid
| 116.1 | 221.1 | 193.8 | 1.90 | *** | 1.67 | *** | 0.88 | ns | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.11 | ** | 1.05 | * | 0.95 | ns | ||
Avoidable
|
Low
| 195.3 | 340.9 | 289.6 | 1.75 | *** | 1.48 | *** | 0.85 | ** | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 1.14 | ** | 1.01 | ns | 0.89 | ** | |
Mid
| 92.0 | 167.2 | 139.6 | 1.82 | *** | 1.52 | *** | 0.83 | bl | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.11 | * | 1.01 | ns | 0.92 | bl | ||
Not Avoidable
|
Low
| 56.7 | 123.3 | 105.1 | 2.17 | *** | 1.85 | *** | 0.85 | bl | 1.6 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.19 | ** | 1.12 | *** | 0.94 | ns | |
Mid
| 24.0 | 53.8 | 54.2 | 2.24 | ** | 2.26 | *** | 1.01 | ns | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.11 | ns | 1.12 | ** | 1.01 | ns | ||
Broad Classes
|
ALL CANCERS
|
Low
| 79.4 | 140.8 | 109.4 | 1.77 | *** | 1.38 | *** | 0.78 | ** | 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.21 | *** | 1.06 | * | 0.88 | * |
Mid
| 36.7 | 69.9 | 48.3 | 1.91 | ** | 1.32 | * | 0.69 | bl | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.15 | * | 1.02 | ns | 0.89 | bl | ||
ALL CIRCULAT. DIS.
|
Low
| 56.7 | 106.9 | 86.2 | 1.89 | *** | 1.52 | *** | 0.81 | ** | 2.0 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 1.23 | ** | 1.08 | * | 0.88 | bl | |
Mid
| 26.1 | 50.6 | 43.5 | 1.94 | ** | 1.66 | *** | 0.86 | ns | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.16 | bl | 1.09 | bl | 0.94 | ns | ||
OTH.NAT.DEATHS
|
Low
| 60.4 | 148.2 | 132.2 | 2.45 | *** | 2.19 | *** | 0.89 | ns | 2.0 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 1.14 | * | 1.08 | * | 0.94 | ns | |
Mid
| 23.9 | 73.3 | 64.8 | 3.07 | *** | 2.71 | *** | 0.88 | ns | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.17 | * | 1.13 | ** | 0.96 | ns | ||
EXTERNAL CAUSES
|
Low
| 55.5 | 68.3 | 66.8 | 1.23 | ns | 1.20 | * | 0.98 | ns | 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 0.89 | ns | 0.83 | ** | 0.94 | ns | |
Mid
| 29.4 | 27.2 | 37.2 | 0.93 | ns | 1.27 | * | 1.36 | ns | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 0.83 | bl | 0.89 | * | 1.08 | ns | ||
Detailed
|
Lung Ca
|
Low
| 44.8 | 62.2 | 58.8 | 1.39 | ** | 1.31 | *** | 0.95 | ns | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 1.07 | ns | 1.05 | ns | 0.97 | ns |
Mid
| 19.6 | 27.0 | 25.4 | 1.38 | ns | 1.29 | bl | 0.94 | ns | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.05 | ns | 1.02 | ns | 0.98 | ns | ||
Colorectal Ca
|
Low
| 3.1 | 9.7 | 2.1 | 3.11 | * | 0.69 | ns | 0.22 | ** | 1.2 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 1.43 | * | 0.93 | ns | 0.65 | * | |
Mid
| 3.0 | 4.1 | 1.3 | 1.35 | ns | 0.43 | ns | 0.32 | ns | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.07 | ns | 0.89 | ns | 0.83 | ns | ||
Lip-Or.Cav-Phar.Ca
|
Low
| 5.1 | 12.3 | 8.3 | 2.40 | ** | 1.63 | ** | 0.68 | ns | 2.1 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 1.47 | bl | 1.23 | ns | 0.84 | ns | |
Mid
| 2.2 | 6.0 | 4.1 | 2.75 | ns | 1.84 | bl | 0.67 | ns | 1.5 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 1.37 | ns | 1.20 | ns | 0.87 | ns | ||
LiverCancer
|
Low
| 1.0 | 3.8 | 2.3 | 3.80 | ns | 2.28 | ns | 0.60 | ns | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.31 | ns | 1.08 | ns | 0.82 | ns | |
Mid
| 1.2 | 5.1 | 1.7 | 4.22 | ns | 1.39 | ns | 0.33 | ns | 1.4 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 1.42 | ns | 0.95 | ns | 0.67 | ns | ||
Prostate Ca
|
Low
| 1.1 | −1.3 | 2.4 | −1.24 | ns | 2.23 | ns | −1.80 | * | 1.2 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 0.66 | ns | 1.20 | ns | 1.81 | * | |
Mid
| 0.4 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 1.61 | ns | 3.00 | ns | 1.87 | ns | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.02 | ns | 1.13 | ns | 1.11 | ns | ||
Isc.Heart Dis.
|
Low
| 28.8 | 50.4 | 45.4 | 1.75 | *** | 1.57 | *** | 0.90 | ns | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 1.14 | ns | 1.09 | ns | 0.96 | ns | |
Mid
| 12.8 | 22.2 | 20.5 | 1.73 | bl | 1.60 | ** | 0.92 | ns | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.08 | ns | 1.06 | ns | 0.98 | ns | ||
Cer.vasc.Dis/HTA
|
Low
| 8.7 | 16.0 | 14.4 | 1.84 | * | 1.66 | *** | 0.90 | ns | 1.9 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 1.32 | ns | 1.09 | ns | 0.83 | ns | |
Mid
| 3.5 | 13.2 | 7.7 | 3.71 | * | 2.17 | * | 0.58 | ns | 1.4 | 2.2 | 1.6 | 1.63 | * | 1.15 | ns | 0.71 | ns | ||
C.o.p.d.
|
Low
| 12.8 | 26.0 | 27.7 | 2.03 | *** | 2.16 | *** | 1.06 | ns | 3.9 | 4.5 | 5.1 | 1.17 | ns | 1.33 | * | 1.13 | ns | |
Mid
| 3.5 | 9.2 | 7.9 | 2.61 | bl | 2.25 | ** | 0.86 | ns | 1.8 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 1.26 | ns | 1.22 | ns | 0.97 | ns | ||
Alc. Rel Dth
|
Low
| 8.1 | 31.6 | 21.1 | 3.91 | *** | 2.62 | *** | 0.67 | * | 1.7 | 2.3 | 1.8 | 1.37 | * | 1.04 | ns | 0.76 | * | |
Mid
| 4.7 | 23.7 | 16.6 | 5.06 | *** | 3.55 | *** | 0.70 | ns | 1.4 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 1.42 | * | 1.14 | ns | 0.80 | ns | ||
Diabetes
|
Low
| 2.8 | 9.0 | 6.9 | 3.23 | ** | 2.46 | *** | 0.76 | ns | 2.2 | 3.6 | 2.5 | 1.65 | ns | 1.15 | ns | 0.70 | ns | |
Mid
| 1.1 | 1.7 | 4.3 | 1.57 | ns | 4.04 | ** | 2.57 | ns | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 1.02 | ns | 1.34 | ns | 1.31 | ns | ||
Mental/neurol. Dis
|
Low
| 9.3 | 28.6 | 21.9 | 3.06 | *** | 2.35 | *** | 0.77 | ns | 2.0 | 3.4 | 2.2 | 1.71 | ** | 1.11 | ns | 0.65 | * | |
Mid
| 3.7 | 17.9 | 11.4 | 4.88 | *** | 3.13 | *** | 0.64 | ns | 1.4 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 1.80 | ** | 1.17 | ns | 0.65 | * | ||
Ill Defined
|
Low
| 4.3 | 16.2 | 12.8 | 3.79 | ** | 2.99 | *** | 0.79 | ns | 1.7 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 1.35 | ns | 1.26 | * | 0.93 | ns | |
Mid
| 2.1 | 6.1 | 6.9 | 2.95 | ns | 3.32 | ** | 1.12 | ns | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.11 | ns | 1.20 | ns | 1.08 | ns | ||
Suicide
|
Low
| 28.7 | 34.9 | 31.9 | 1.21 | ns | 1.11 | ns | 0.92 | ns | 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 0.87 | ns | 0.86 | * | 0.99 | ns | |
Mid
| 14.6 | 16.4 | 18.6 | 1.12 | ns | 1.27 | ns | 1.13 | ns | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 0.88 | ns | 0.94 | ns | 1.07 | ns | ||
Transport Acc.
|
Low
| 14.0 | 7.1 | 17.4 | 0.51 | * | 1.25 | ns | 2.44 | ** | 2.7 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 0.76 | ns | 0.78 | bl | 1.03 | ns | |
Mid
| 9.0 | 2.7 | 10.5 | 0.30 | * | 1.17 | ns | 3.90 | ** | 2.1 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 0.66 | ns | 0.80 | bl | 1.20 | ns |
Rate Ratio
|
Rate Ratio
| |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Females
| Fla | Bxl | Wal | RD ratio Bxl - Fla |
p
| RD ratio Wal - Fla |
p
| RD ratio Wal -Bxl |
p
| Fla | Bxl | Wal | RR ratio Bxl- Fla |
p
| RR ratio Wal -Fla |
p
| RR ratio Wal -Bxl |
p
| ||
All-Cause
|
ALL CAUSES
|
Low
| 107.4 | 196.2 | 163.5 | 1.83 | *** | 1.52 | *** | 0.83 | * | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.12 | ** | 1.07 | ** | 0.96 | ns |
Mid
| 52.2 | 79.9 | 86.0 | 1.53 | * | 1.65 | *** | 1.08 | ns | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.02 | ns | 1.07 | * | 1.04 | ns | ||
Avoidable
|
Low
| 76.4 | 135.0 | 108.3 | 1.77 | *** | 1.42 | *** | 0.80 | * | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.09 | bl | 1.04 | ns | 0.96 | ns | |
Mid
| 35.7 | 49.4 | 56.3 | 1.38 | ns | 1.58 | *** | 1.14 | ns | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 0.99 | ns | 1.06 | ns | 1.07 | ns | ||
Not Avoidable
|
Low
| 31.0 | 61.3 | 55.2 | 1.97 | *** | 1.78 | *** | 0.90 | ns | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.18 | * | 1.13 | ** | 0.96 | ns | |
Mid
| 16.6 | 30.5 | 29.7 | 1.84 | bl | 1.79 | ** | 0.97 | ns | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.09 | ns | 1.09 | bl | 0.99 | ns | ||
Broad Classes
|
ALL CANCERS
|
Low
| 30.3 | 56.3 | 39.1 | 1.86 | ** | 1.29 | * | 0.69 | * | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.12 | * | 1.05 | ns | 0.93 | ns |
Mid
| 17.5 | 21.5 | 22.5 | 1.23 | ns | 1.28 | ns | 1.05 | ns | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.00 | ns | 1.03 | ns | 1.03 | ns | ||
ALL CIRCULAT. DIS.
|
Low
| 30.8 | 53.8 | 39.6 | 1.74 | *** | 1.29 | *** | 0.74 | ** | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 1.07 | ns | 0.93 | ns | 0.87 | ns | |
Mid
| 16.9 | 20.2 | 21.3 | 1.20 | ns | 1.26 | bl | 1.05 | ns | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 0.89 | ns | 0.94 | ns | 1.06 | ns | ||
OTH.NAT.DEATHS
|
Low
| 34.7 | 70.6 | 67.5 | 2.04 | *** | 1.95 | *** | 0.96 | ns | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 1.09 | ns | 1.06 | ns | 0.97 | ns | |
Mid
| 13.8 | 32.0 | 34.2 | 2.32 | ** | 2.48 | *** | 1.07 | ns | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.10 | ns | 1.13 | bl | 1.02 | ns | ||
EXTERNAL CAUSES
|
Low
| 11.6 | 15.5 | 17.3 | 1.34 | ns | 1.50 | bl | 1.12 | ns | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 0.96 | ns | 1.01 | ns | 1.06 | ns | |
Mid
| 4.1 | 6.2 | 7.9 | 1.52 | ns | 1.95 | ns | 1.28 | ns | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.00 | ns | 1.06 | ns | 1.06 | ns | ||
Detailed
|
Lung Ca
|
Low
| 12.5 | 28.3 | 15.9 | 2.27 | *** | 1.28 | * | 0.56 | ** | 2.1 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 1.11 | ns | 0.90 | ns | 0.81 | ns |
Mid
| 6.0 | 9.7 | 6.1 | 1.60 | ns | 1.00 | ns | 0.63 | ns | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 0.95 | ns | 0.87 | ns | 0.92 | ns | ||
Colorectal Ca
|
Low
| 1.9 | 0.2 | 1.5 | 0.12 | ns | 0.75 | ns | 6.10 | ns | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.83 | ns | 0.95 | ns | 1.14 | ns | |
Mid
| 0.5 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 2.15 | ns | 0.81 | ns | 0.38 | ns | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.03 | ns | 0.99 | ns | 0.96 | ns | ||
Lip-Or.Cav-Phar.Ca
|
Low
| 0.6 | 3.1 | 1.2 | 5.27 | ** | 2.00 | ns | 0.38 | bl | 1.5 | 5.3 | 1.8 | 3.62 | * | 1.23 | ns | 0.34 | bl | |
Mid
| 0.1 | 2.6 | 1.0 | 47.08 | * | 18.02 | bl | 0.38 | ns | 1.0 | 4.6 | 1.7 | 4.37 | * | 1.60 | ns | 0.37 | ns | ||
Liver Cancer
|
Low
| 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.6 | 0.92 | ns | 1.76 | ns | 1.91 | ns | 1.7 | 1.4 | 2.5 | 0.83 | ns | 1.49 | ns | 1.80 | ns | |
Mid
| 0.3 | 0.1 | 1.8 | 0.27 | ns | 6.45 | * | 24.05 | ns | 1.2 | 1.0 | 2.7 | 0.85 | ns | 2.23 | * | 2.61 | bl | ||
Breast Ca
|
Low
| 1.7 | 2.7 | 1.8 | 1.60 | ns | 1.09 | ns | 0.68 | ns | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.02 | ns | 1.01 | ns | 0.99 | ns | |
Mid
| 1.7 | −2.1 | 0.0 | −1.23 | ns | −0.01 | ns | 0.01 | ns | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.89 | ns | 0.95 | ns | 1.06 | ns | ||
Isc.Heart Dis.
|
Low
| 10.8 | 17.0 | 15.3 | 1.57 | * | 1.42 | *** | 0.90 | ns | 3.5 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 0.87 | ns | 0.93 | ns | 1.07 | ns | |
Mid
| 5.4 | 4.1 | 7.0 | 0.77 | ns | 1.30 | ns | 1.70 | ns | 2.2 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 0.67 | bl | 0.90 | ns | 1.35 | ns | ||
Cer.vasc.Dis/HTA
|
Low
| 8.3 | 13.0 | 9.0 | 1.56 | bl | 1.08 | ns | 0.69 | ns | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 1.06 | ns | 0.90 | ns | 0.85 | ns | |
Mid
| 5.2 | 4.2 | 6.2 | 0.80 | ns | 1.18 | ns | 1.47 | ns | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 0.80 | ns | 0.95 | ns | 1.19 | ns | ||
C.o.p.d.
|
Low
| 5.6 | 10.5 | 12.4 | 1.89 | ** | 2.22 | *** | 1.17 | ns | 4.6 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 0.89 | ns | 0.89 | ns | 1.00 | ns | |
Mid
| 2.6 | 4.2 | 5.5 | 1.64 | ns | 2.14 | ** | 1.30 | ns | 2.7 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 0.84 | ns | 0.90 | ns | 1.06 | ns | ||
Alc. Rel Dth
|
Low
| 2.5 | 10.4 | 10.6 | 4.24 | ** | 4.33 | *** | 1.02 | ns | 1.4 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 1.53 | * | 1.38 | ** | 0.91 | ns | |
Mid
| 2.0 | 8.4 | 6.9 | 4.21 | * | 3.46 | *** | 0.82 | ns | 1.4 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 1.45 | bl | 1.21 | ns | 0.84 | ns | ||
Diabetes
|
Low
| 2.1 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 1.53 | ns | 1.38 | ns | 0.90 | ns | 3.7 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 0.56 | ns | 0.62 | ns | 1.12 | ns | |
Mid
| 0.8 | −0.8 | 0.8 | −1.01 | ns | 0.98 | ns | −0.97 | ns | 2.1 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 0.36 | bl | 0.66 | ns | 1.85 | ns | ||
Mental/neurol. Dis
|
Low
| 5.0 | 7.5 | 10.6 | 1.49 | ns | 2.10 | *** | 1.41 | ns | 1.7 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.23 | ns | 1.23 | ns | 1.00 | ns | |
Mid
| 1.8 | 5.9 | 4.9 | 3.25 | bl | 2.70 | * | 0.83 | ns | 1.2 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.46 | ns | 1.19 | ns | 0.82 | ns | ||
Ill Defined
|
Low
| 0.8 | 4.5 | 4.8 | 5.64 | * | 6.01 | *** | 1.06 | ns | 1.2 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.43 | ns | 1.55 | * | 1.08 | ns | |
Mid
| −0.2 | 2.1 | 2.6 | −8.94 | ns | −11.09 | ** | 1.24 | ns | 0.9 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.47 | ns | 1.62 | * | 1.10 | ns | ||
Suicide
|
Low
| 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.9 | 0.97 | ns | 1.11 | ns | 1.14 | ns | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 0.90 | ns | 0.97 | ns | 1.08 | ns | |
Mid
| 1.5 | 3.5 | 1.5 | 2.41 | ns | 1.00 | ns | 0.41 | ns | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.05 | ns | 0.98 | ns | 0.93 | ns | ||
Transport Acc.
|
Low
| 3.4 | 2.8 | 5.7 | 0.83 | ns | 1.66 | ns | 1.99 | ns | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 0.97 | ns | 0.96 | ns | 0.99 | ns | |
Mid
| 0.9 | −1.5 | 2.1 | −1.72 | * | 2.43 | ns | −1.41 | * | 1.3 | 0.4 | 1.4 | 0.34 | bl | 1.08 | ns | 3.13 | bl |
Population attributable fractions (PAF) and their decomposition into specific causes by region
PAF, Fla
|
PAF, Bxl
|
PAF, Wal
|
Bxl vs Fla
|
p
|
Wal vs Fla
|
p
|
Wal vs Bxl
|
p
| ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MALES
| ||||||||||
All-Cause
|
ALL CAUSES
| 37.6% | 42.4% | 41.7% | 1.13 | * | 1.11 | *** | 0.98 | ns |
Avoidable
| 28.9% | 30.5% | 30.0% | 1.05 | ns | 1.04 | ns | 0.99 | ns | |
Not Avoidable
| 8.7% | 12.0% | 11.6% | 1.37 | ** | 1.33 | *** | 0.97 | ns | |
Broad Classes
|
ALL CANCERS
| 12.3% | 12.4% | 11.0% | 1.01 | ns | 0.90 | bl | 0.89 | ns |
ALL CIRCULAT. DIS.
| 9.1% | 9.9% | 9.3% | 1.09 | ns | 1.02 | ns | 0.94 | ns | |
OTH.NAT.DEATHS
| 9.4% | 14.7% | 14.7% | 1.56 | *** | 1.56 | *** | 1.00 | ns | |
EXTERNAL CAUSES
| 6.9% | 5.4% | 6.7% | 0.79 | bl | 0.97 | ns | 1.23 | ns | |
Detailed
|
Lung Ca
| 7.0% | 5.3% | 6.0% | 0.76 | ** | 0.85 | ** | 1.12 | ns |
Colorectal Ca
| 0.5% | 0.9% | 0.3% | 1.59 | ns | 0.54 | ns | 0.34 | bl | |
Lip-Or.Cav-Phar.Ca
| 0.8% | 1.1% | 0.8% | 1.39 | ns | 0.95 | ns | 0.69 | ns | |
LiverCancer
| 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.3% | 2.02 | ns | 1.20 | ns | 0.59 | ns | |
Prostate Ca
| 0.2% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.10 | ns | 1.26 | ns | 12.11 | ns | |
Isc.Heart Dis.
| 4.5% | 4.6% | 4.6% | 1.01 | ns | 1.02 | ns | 1.01 | ns | |
Cer.vasc.Dis/HTA
| 1.4% | 1.7% | 1.6% | 1.21 | ns | 1.11 | ns | 0.92 | ns | |
C.o.p.d.
| 2.0% | 2.6% | 2.8% | 1.26 | bl | 1.38 | *** | 1.09 | ns | |
Alc. Rel Dth
| 1.4% | 3.0% | 2.6% | 2.18 | *** | 1.89 | *** | 0.87 | ns | |
Diabetes
| 0.4% | 0.8% | 0.8% | 1.73 | bl | 1.70 | ** | 0.98 | ns | |
Mental/neurol. Dis
| 1.4% | 2.5% | 2.6% | 1.81 | ** | 1.82 | *** | 1.01 | ns | |
Ill Defined
| 0.7% | 1.4% | 1.5% | 1.95 | bl | 2.06 | *** | 1.06 | ns | |
Suicide
| 3.4% | 2.8% | 3.1% | 0.83 | ns | 0.91 | ns | 1.10 | ns | |
Transport Acc.
| 1.8% | 0.6% | 1.6% | 0.36 | *** | 0.94 | ns | 2.61 | ** | |
FEMALES
| ||||||||||
All-Cause
|
ALL CAUSES
| 29.5% | 33.6% | 35.4% | 1.14 | ns | 1.20 | *** | 1.05 | ns |
Avoidable
| 20.2% | 22.1% | 22.9% | 1.09 | ns | 1.13 | bl | 1.04 | ns | |
Not Avoidable
| 9.3% | 11.6% | 12.5% | 1.24 | ns | 1.35 | ** | 1.08 | ns | |
Broad Classes
|
ALL CANCERS
| 8.6% | 8.7% | 8.5% | 1.01 | ns | 0.99 | ns | 0.98 | ns |
ALL CIRCULAT. DIS.
| 9.4% | 9.0% | 8.8% | 0.95 | ns | 0.94 | ns | 0.99 | ns | |
OTH.NAT.DEATHS
| 9.5% | 13.6% | 15.3% | 1.44 | ** | 1.61 | *** | 1.12 | ns | |
EXTERNAL CAUSES
| 2.1% | 2.4% | 2.8% | 1.15 | ns | 1.36 | ns | 1.18 | ns | |
Detailed
|
Lung Ca
| 3.4% | 4.1% | 3.2% | 1.20 | ns | 0.93 | ns | 0.77 | ns |
Colorectal Ca
| 0.5% | −0.1% | 0.3% | −0.13 | ns | 0.55 | ns | −4.18 | ns | |
Lip-Or.Cav-Phar.Ca
| 0.1% | 0.5% | 0.3% | 3.73 | * | 2.15 | ns | 0.58 | ns | |
LiverCancer
| 0.3% | 0.1% | 0.4% | 0.41 | ns | 1.45 | ns | 3.52 | ns | |
Breast Ca
| 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.89 | ns | 0.76 | ns | 0.85 | ns | |
Isc.Heart Dis.
| 3.4% | 2.7% | 3.3% | 0.79 | ns | 0.96 | ns | 1.21 | ns | |
Cer.vasc.Dis/HTA
| 2.4% | 2.1% | 2.1% | 0.89 | ns | 0.86 | ns | 0.96 | ns | |
C.o.p.d.
| 1.8% | 2.0% | 2.7% | 1.10 | ns | 1.49 | *** | 1.36 | bl | |
Alc. Rel Dth
| 0.8% | 2.2% | 2.2% | 2.93 | ** | 2.94 | *** | 1.00 | ns | |
Diabetes
| 0.6% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.70 | ns | 1.06 | ns | 1.51 | ns | |
Mental/neurol. Dis
| 1.2% | 2.0% | 2.3% | 1.66 | ns | 1.91 | ** | 1.15 | ns | |
Ill Defined
| 0.2% | 0.9% | 1.2% | 4.26 | ns | 5.77 | *** | 1.35 | ns | |
Suicide
| 0.6% | 0.9% | 0.7% | 1.33 | ns | 1.02 | ns | 0.76 | ns | |
Transport Acc.
| 0.5% | 0.0% | 0.7% | 0.06 | ns | 1.37 | ns | 21.44 | bl |