Introduction
Methods
Chemicals
Animals
Experimental design
In vitro studies
In vivo study
Biochemical analysis
Catalase (CAT)
Superoxide dismutase (SOD)
Peroxidase (POD)
Lipid peroxidation (LPO)
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
Protein estimation
Hormonal analysis
Tissue histopathology
Statistical analysis
Results
Bisphenol F in vitro effects on the testicular tissues antioxidants, ROS and testosterone secretions in the rat testis
Groups (n = 6/group) | Parameters | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CAT (u/mgProtein) | POD (nmole) | SOD (u/mgprotein) | LPO (nM TBARS/min/mg Tissue) | Total ROS (U/g tissue) | Testosterone (ng/g tissue) | |
Control | 9.53 ± 0.43 | 8.12 ± 0.60 | 10.51 ± 1.78 | 31.11 ± 1.81 | 29.00 ± 2.32 | 52.32 ± 2.02 |
BPF 1 ng/ml | 8.39 ± 0.53 | 7.43 ± 0.79 | 11.99 ± 2.01 | 24.17 ± 1.11 | 35.60 ± 2.35 | 49.04 ± 2.45 |
BPF 5 ng/ml | 7.94 ± 0.49 | 6.92 ± 1.13 | 12.08 ± 2.23 | 40.07 ± 2.56 | 29.60 ± 2.08 | 46.48 ± 1.60 |
BPF 25 ng/ml | 7.95 ± 0.85 | 6.46 ± 1.28 | 13.66 ± 2.10 | 39.21 ± 2.85 | 38.60 ± 2.47* | 44.71 ± 2.31 |
BPF 50 ng/ml | 7.80 ± 1.29 | 7.06 ± 1.85 | 13.15 ± 0.32 | 46.97 ± 4.97* | 39.00 ± 2.44* | 48.76 ± 2.31 |
BPF 100 ng/ml | 7.59 ± 1.04 | 7.86 ± 0.71 | 14.71 ± 0.85 | 46.91 ± 4.53* | 41.40 ± 1.89** | 47.14 ± 3.23 |
Bisphenol F different concentration effects on the body weight gain and testicular weight after sub-chronic administration
Parameter | Treatments (n = 7/group) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | BPF 1 mg/kg | BPF 5 mg/kg | BPF 25 mg/kg | BPF 50 mg/kg | BPF 100 mg/kg | |
Body weight gain (g) | 35.00 ± 4.33 | 26.90 ± 5.23 | 25.10 ± 3.21 | 25.00 ± 4.33 | 29.20 ± 5.12 | 27.00 ± 4.33 |
Right Testis weight (g) | 1.04 ± 0.05 | 1.18 ± 0.03 | 1.02 ± 0.03 | 1.14 ± 0.06 | 1.22 ± 0.05 | 1.12 ± 0.07 |
Left testis weight (g) | 1.16 ± 0.02 | 1.16 ± 0.04 | 1.12 ± 0.02 | 1.14 ± 0.05 | 1.16 ± 0.03 | 1.12 ± 0.05 |
SOD (u/mg protein) | 45.14 ± 1.19 | 34.29 ± 3.75 | 34.38 ± 1.48 | 36.26 ± 5.03 | 31.97 ± 4.63 | 32.54 ± 3.38 |
POD (nmole) | 16.55 ± 0.43 | 15.18 ± 0.67 | 13.70 ± 1.12* | 12.35 ± 0.39** | 13.15 ± 0.64** | 13.71 ± 0.68* |
CAT (u/mg Protein) | 16.08 ± 0.73 | 14.12 ± 1.01 | 13.03 ± 0.57* | 12.99 ± 0.70* | 12.91 ± 1.01* | 11.59 ± 0.59** |
LPO (min/mg Tissue) | 13.13 ± 0.73 | 12.02 ± 0.80 | 13.35 ± 0.32 | 14.93 ± 0.58 | 15.35 ± 0.38* | 15.62 ± 0.50* |
Total ROS (U/g tissue) | 0.94 ± 0.20 | 0.89 ± 0.05 | 0.96 ± 0.20 | 2.29 ± 0.42 | 2.78 ± 0.47* | 3.11 ± 0.61** |
Protein (mg/0.5 g) | 341.91 ± 6.45 | 287.90 ± 21.72 | 280.23 ± 6.62* | 278.90 ± 11.16* | 274.77 ± 7.90* | 267.81 ± 12.44** |
Bisphenol F different concentration sub-chronic effects on the biochemical parameters of rat testis
Bisphenol F effects on the different hormones of male rats administrated with different concentrations for 28 days
Groups | Parameters | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 7/group) | Plasm testosterone (ng/ml) | Intra-testicular testosterone (ng/g tissue) | LH (ng/ml) | FSH (IU/ml) |
Control | 6.03 ± 0.35 | 55.32 ± 1.14 | 1.71 ± 0.07 | 0.92 ± 0.01 |
BPF 1 mg/kg | 4.48 ± 0.50 | 52.44 ± 2.71 | 1.62 ± 0.09 | 0.83 ± 0.03 |
BPF 5 mg/kg | 4.34 ± 0.51 | 51.48 ± 2.01 | 1.52 ± 0.05 | 0.76 ± 0.10 |
BPF 25 mg/kg | 3.99 ± 0.64 * | 46.71 ± 1.87 ** | 1.43 ± 0.05* | 0.63 ± 0.02** |
BPF 50 mg/kg | 3.69 ± 0.53 * | 44.16 ± 1.14 *** | 1.39 ± 0.07* | 0.59 ± 0.02*** |
BPF 100 mg/kg | 3.20 ± 0.25 ** | 45.34 ± 1.04 ** | 1.20 ± 0.04*** | 0.44 ± 0.03*** |
Morphological changes in testes and epididymis after exposure to bisphenol F (BPF)
Parameter | Treatments (n = 7/group) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | BPF 1 mg/kg | BPF 5 mg/kg | BPF 25 mg/kg | BPF 50 mg/kg | BPF 100 mg/kg | ||
Testis | Area of seminiferous tubule (%) | 90.02 ± 0.98 | 88.85 ± 2.18 | 88.87 ± 2.34 | 87.37 ± 1.34 | 86.73 ± 1.41 | 85.65 ± 2.56 |
Area of Interstitium (%) | 19.02 ± 0.79 | 18.20 ± 0.88 | 17.43 ± 0.37 | 17.27 ± 0.54 | 16.88 ± 0.41 | 15.90 ± 1.50 | |
Seminiferous tubule diameter (μm) | 213.91 ± 2.51 | 211.08 ± 5.49 | 209.09 ± 2.81 | 208.98 ± 0.72 | 207.48 ± 0.84 | 207.47 ± 1.48 | |
Epithelial height | 77.27 ± 1.94 | 74.47 ± 1.95 | 73.71 ± 3.02 | 72.38 ± 1.40 | 69.16 ± 1.30* | 68.13 ± 2.07* | |
Caput | Tubular diameter (μm) | 403.40 ± 6.76 | 399.60 ± 4.28 | 398.20 ± 3.78 | 396.20 ± 3.94 | 394.80 ± 4.61 | 396.40 ± 2.97 |
Lumen diameter (μm) | 300.00 ± 7.05 | 298.60 ± 7.50 | 295.00 ± 4.14 | 297.20 ± 4.57 | 292.60 ± 4.82 | 290.60 ± 4.34 | |
Epithelial height (μm) | 31.40 ± 1.80 | 29.40 ± 3.84 | 28.00 ± 1.41 | 28.20 ± 3.10 | 27.00 ± 0.83 | 26.60 ± 1.16 | |
Epithelium (% age) | 37.95 ± 1.99 | 34.20 ± 1.01 | 33.60 ± 0.81 | 32.80 ± 1.49 | 32.40 ± 2.59 | 32.00 ± 0.63 | |
Lumen (% age) | 70.85 ± 1.65 | 69.00 ± 3.21 | 67.86 ± 1.78 | 67.25 ± 0.91 | 68.34 ± 2.40 | 66.25 ± 7.74 | |
Cauda | Tubular diameter (μm) | 482.80 ± 4.58 | 478.60 ± 3.60 | 476.60 ± 5.26 | 477.80 ± 4.03 | 475.80 ± 6.51 | 474.80 ± 4.03 |
Lumen diameter (μm) | 432.60 ± 2.98 | 436.80 ± 4.68 | 435.20 ± 4.65 | 441.00 ± 4.32 | 438.80 ± 0.96 | 439.20 ± 3.36 | |
Epithelial height (μm) | 33.25 ± 2.32 | 34.50 ± 1.79 | 35.75 ± 0.49 | 35.80 ± 4.03 | 36.20 ± 2.07 | 38.40 ± 3.40 | |
Epithelium (% age) | 39.00 ± 1.54 | 43.75 ± 1.89 | 44.75 ± 2.10 | 42.75 ± 2.41 | 44.10 ± 1.73 | 45.00 ± 1.18 | |
Lumen (% age) | 63.25 ± 1.45 | 60.00 ± 2.87 | 62.25 ± 1.73 | 60.50 ± 2.77 | 59.25 ± 3.04 | 58.65 ± 2.47 |